Assessing the Response of Estuarine Intertidal Assemblages to Urbanised Catchment Discharge

Measurement of intertidal rock assemblages was investigated as a potential biological indicator to provide a quantitative estimate of the impact of urbanised catchment discharge on the estuaries of Sydney, Australia, from 1995 to 1999. Based on the presence and characteristics of adjacent human activities, sampling locations were categorised as: Bush; Urban; Urban with Sewer Overflows; and Industry with Sewer Overflows. In Sydney Harbour, variation in assemblage structure was measured between most impact categories, however differences between impact categories were not consistent for each year. Nevertheless, in years of above average rainfall (1998–1999), reference assemblages adjacent to national parks and distant from urbanisation were different to all other putatively impacted assemblages. Variability within assemblages was least at reference locations in each year and greatest at locations adjacent to stormwater canals and sewer overflows, particularly in 1998–1999. Variation in assemblage structure in Sydney estuaries was most strongly correlated with chlorophyll – a concentrations. Univariate analysis also identified highly significant differences for a number of factors, however, interactions between year, impact categories and location for numerous analyses, confounded the differentiation between impact categories. The results suggest that intertidal rock assemblages in Sydney Harbour and surrounding estuaries appear to be responding to the quality and quantity of discharge from urbanised catchments and, furthermore, that assemblages are more suitable than individual taxa to indicate the difference between Bush and anthropogenically disturbed estuarine locations.     

在线生物毒性监测系统在饮用水源地水质监测中的应用

通过对汞、镉、铬、铅和砷的生物毒性剂量效应分析,评估生物毒性监测方法在饮用水源地水质监测中的预警作用,结果显示,几种元素的生物毒性大小依次为：汞〉砷〉铅〉镉〉铬。结合南京上坝饮用水源地的生物毒性监测数据,建立动态报警限,用于评价水质安全。     

Comparison of Nitrate Levels in Raw Water and Finished Water from Historical Monitoring Data on Iowa Municipal Drinking Water Supplies

Nitrate contamination of water sources is a concern where large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers are regularly applied to soils. Ingested nitrate from dietary sources and drinking water can be converted to nitrite and ultimately to N-nitroso compounds, many of which are known carcinogens. Epidemiologic studies of drinking water nitrate and cancer report mixed findings; a criticism is the use of nitrate concentrations from retrospective drinking water data to assign exposure levels. Residential point-of-use nitrate data are scarce; gaps in historical data for municipal supply finished water hamper exposure classification efforts. We used generalized linear regression models to estimate and compare historical raw water and finished water nitrate levels (1960s--1990s) in single source Iowa municipal supplies to determine whether raw water monitoring data could supplement finished water data to improve exposure assessment. Comparison of raw water and finished water samples (same sampling date) showed a significant difference in nitrate levels in municipalities using rivers; municipalities using other surface water or alluvial groundwater had no difference in nitrate levels. A regional aggregation of alluvial groundwater municipalities was constructed based on results from a previous study showing regional differences in nitrate contamination of private wells; results from this analysis were mixed, dependent upon region and decade. These analyses demonstrate using historical raw water nitrate monitoring data to supplement finished water data for exposure assessment is appropriate for individual Iowa municipal supplies using alluvial groundwater, lakes or reservoirs. Using alluvial raw water data on a regional basis is dependent on region and decade.     

挥发性有机物在线监测系统在饮用水源地水体监测中的应用

水中挥发性有机物(VOCs)在线监测系统,实现了超声雾化法气液分离,并结合冷阱捕集解析技术,利用气相色谱质谱法监测水中VOCs。该法在25种VOCs质量浓度0.5~20μg/L范围内线性良好,线性相关系数均>0.990,检出限为0.10~0.51μg/L,测定下限为0.40~2.04μg/L。通过与实验室法的比对,说明该法可达实验室监测仪器同等水平。     

新疆农村饮水卫生监测及评价

为评价我区农村改水后饮水质量,对全区2191个饮水工程卫生及水质进行监测,结果表明,改水后农村居民饮水质量有较大提高,饮用I,II,III级水及不合格水人数的百分比分别为33．08％,14．21％,17．13％和35．58％。     

远程监控城乡管网饮用水的低量色度

选用480 nm单色光及长光程技术进行吸光光度分析,测定水质色度。通过对比普通分光光度法可知,吸光光度测试的光程长度增加10倍,测试灵敏度显著提高,从而保证低色度饮用水(30度)的测定精准度。监测的色度数据利用GSM无线通信传输系统,可实现对水质色度监测结果的远程实时动态遥传,为预警突发性水污染事故提供数据支撑。     

集中式饮用水水源地环境监控预警体系构建

系统阐述了集中式饮用水水源地环境监控预警体系构建的内容和要素,并介绍了如何建立由风险监控系统、信息发布系统和预警响应系统等组成的水源地监控预警平台,以实现水源地环境监控预警信息和技术的统一管理和资源共享,为饮用水安全保障提供决策支持。     

关于淮安市饮用水源地污染应急监测的思

回顾分析了淮安市饮用水源地污染事件的应急监测和处置方法,总结了应急监测及处置工作的经验教训和启示,对更好地驾驭今后可能发生的各种复杂的环境事件提供了帮助。     

Serogroups of Escherichia coli from Drinking Water

Fifty seven isolates of thermotolerant E. coli were recovered from 188 drinking water sources, 45 (78.9%) were typable of which 15 (26.3%) were pathogenic serotypes. Pathogenic serogroup obtained were 04 (Uropathogenic E. coli, UPEC), 025 (Enterotoxigenic E. coli, ETEC), 086 (Enteropathogenic E. coli, EPEC), 0103 (Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, STEC), 0157 (Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, STEC), 08 (Enterotoxigenic E. coli, ETEC) and 0113 (Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, STEC). All the pathogenic serotypes showed resistance to bacitracin and multiple heavy metal ions. Resistance to streptomycin and co-trimazole was detected in two strains whereas resistance to cephaloridine, polymixin-B and ampicillin was detected in one strain each. Transfer of resistances to drugs and metallic ions was observed in 9 out of 12 strains studied. Resistances to bacitracin were transferred in all nine strains. Among heavy metals resistance to As³⁺ followed by Cr⁶⁺ were transferred more frequently.     

水质自动监测在苏州市饮用水源地的应用与思考

以苏州市集中式饮用水源地自动监测系统为例,对该水质自动监测系统的特点、主要功能及在环境管理、蓝藻实时监控等方面的应用作了介绍,并就系统验收、运行管理及系统拓展方面提出了一些对策建议。     

挥发酚在线监测技术在苏州市水源地预警监测的应用

酚污染正严重威胁着饮用水源地的供水安全,迫切需要开展挥发酚实时预警监测。从挥发酚在线监测系统构架、监测方法验证、在线监测功能完善、运维周期及成本核算、应急预警功能实现等方面,介绍了挥发酚在线监测技术在苏州市饮用水源地的应用经验,以期进一步完善水源水预警监测体系。     

饮用水源水质安全预警监控体系构建框架研究

根据安全预警体系的一般原理,从水质安全角度出发,基于基础信息层、预警分析层和决策应用层构建饮用水源水质安全预警监控体系框架;提出建立既考虑区位条件、社会经济、污染负荷、生态破坏力等驱动力、压力影响,又考虑了生态健康、服务功能、环境监管和环境风险等状态和响应的指标体系,为饮用水源水质安全预警监控研究提供一定思路。     

中美饮用水水源水质标准比较

对我国《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)和《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-1993)与美国EPA《清洁水法案》和《安全饮用水法案》中适用范围、分类分级、指标项目、标准限值以及修订周期等方面内容进行比较分析。指出了我国饮用水水源水质标准存在的问题,提出构建和修订我国水源地水质标准的建议。     

重金属在线监测技术在常州市饮用水水源地预警监测中的应用

简述了重金属在线分析仪的系统架构、方法验证、系统流程的优化、运维周期及应急预警功能。通过重金属在线技术在常州市饮用水水源地预警监测中的应用,表明仪器在测试地表水中镍、铅、砷、镉、铜等金属时相对稳定,基本能满足预警应急的要求;通过系统流程的优化,及对远程控制能力的开发,较好地满足了无人值守的自动监测要求;仪器初步应用于饮用水水源地预警监测中,形成了行之有效的预警应急流程,增加了一道饮用水水质的安全屏障。     

某集中式饮用水源地保护区土壤重金属监测与评价

采用现场采样与室内测试方法测定了某大型集中式饮用水源地一级保护区土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的含量,利用污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态指数法对其土壤环境质量进行了评价。结果表明,上述8种重金属都存在不同程度的超标,其中Cd超标最为严重。地累积指数法评价结果表明,研究区只有Cd、Hg存在一定污染,污染程度分别为中度污染到强污染、中度污染和中度污染到强污染。潜在生态指数法结果表明:研究区土壤样品Cd的单因子潜在生态风险指数最高,轻微、中等和较高风险等级中所占比例分别为44.7%、23.7%、31.6%;其次为Hg,有89.5%的土壤样品中Hg处于轻微生态风险水平,10.5%的土壤样品处于中等生态风险水平;土壤样品中As、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr都处于轻微生态风险水平。Cd是研究区最主要的污染和生态风险因子,其次是Hg,说明集中式饮用水源地保护区土壤已受到个别重金属的影响。虽然目前尚不存在饮用水源地水体受污染问题,但应引起高度关注。     

基于Web-GIS的饮用水水源地水质安全监控系统研究

基于Web-GIS的饮用水水质监控系统利用Intemet/Intranet技术、GIS技术、数据库技术和环境保护技术,建立了完善的水污染监测与管理网络体系,实现了水源地污染空间信息、属性信息的综合管理.首先介绍了此系统的需求目标,在此基础上阐述了系统的体系结构、数据库设计和主要功能.     

流域水环境监测管理体制存在问题探讨

调研国内外流域水环境监测管理体制现状,分析中国现行体制存在的问题,探讨完善管理体制的办法,并提出联合管理模式。     

长江流域水环境监测与智慧化管理策略

针对如何将水环境监测感知与智能信息化手段运用到长江生态质量诊断与管理之中,梳理了国内外水环境监测与智慧化管理系统的发展情况,并以长江生态环境保护修复智慧决策平台为例,介绍了长江流域水环境监测网络建设情况,以及智慧决策平台在水环境数据可视化、水环境大数据分析、污染源大数据分析、水质模拟与预测、水质成因分析、流域生态安全评...     

饮用水源地防控与预警研究

根据全国饮用水源地调查和现行政策法规,结合江苏省及泰州市饮用水源地专项整治情况,全面分析了饮用水源地防控和预警工作中存在的问题,借鉴国外饮用水源地防控预警的特色做法,阐述了适合中国国情的饮用水源防控及预警的10项保护措施,供环保从业人员参考。     

高压液相色谱法测定地表水和饮用水中的阿特拉津

通过条件实验,建立了水体中阿特拉津的高效液相色谱检测法,以ODS C18柱为色谱柱,甲醇:水=60:40为流动相,检测波长225nm,柱温40℃,用二氯甲烷萃取,外标法定量,线性范围为0.02～10.0mg/L,相关系数达0.9999,采样体积为500 ml时,方法检出限为0.012μg/L,精密度在2.5%～11.4...