褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水

研究褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水的性能,为褐煤活性炭用于废水处理提供理论依据和技术指导。以河南某气化厂的焦化废水为吸附原水,进行褐煤活性炭对酚吸附性能的静态和动态实验。静态实验表明,褐煤活性炭对酚的吸附性能符合弗兰德里希（Freundlich）吸附方程式。在室温条件下,对于150 mL焦化废水,当活性炭的用量为10 g,吸附反应时间为1 h,酚的去除率可达92%以上。动态实验研究表明,当进水酚浓度为3 800 mg/L,吸附1.5 h,活性炭的吸附容量可达21.38 mg/g。水处理的实验研究表明,利用褐煤制备的活性炭,对焦化废水具有良好的处理效果。     

水蒸气/氨活化在脉冲电晕脱硫工业中试装置上的应用

在工业中试装置上进行了水蒸气／氨活化实验,同时开展了脉冲电源的调试运行、脱硫副产物收集一体化、工艺参数以及对副产物成份分析等实验。在烟气流量4500～11000m^3／h、反应器入口温度60-70℃、氨硫化学计量比约1：1、系统连续运行和采用一体化的单电场进行脱硫副产物收集的条件下．得到结果：水蒸气／氨活化脱硫效果明显,并且有较好的副产物收集功能,收集效率20％～30％;副产物中SO4^2-：SO3^2-大于95：5,脱硫效率稳定大于90％,副产物收率大于85％。     

强化活性炭处理工艺去除焦化厂生化出水中的氰化物

以某焦化厂生化出水为研究对象,考寨了金属负载活性炭(简称负载炭)和Fenton氧化预处理等强化活性炭工艺对总氰化物(TCN)的去除效果.在TCN批式实验中,对负载炭的金属离子种类和固定方式进行了考察,同时研究了接触时间、DO对游离氰(KCN配水)、络合氰(K3Fe(CN)6配水)及焦化厂生化出水中TCN的去除效果.结果表明,负载金属离子可以有效提高活性炭对TCN的去除量,KI固定后的载铜活性炭对TCN的去除更有效.吸附作用在活性炭去除TCN过程中起着主要作用,同时TCN在活性炭表面也发生缓慢的催化氧化反应.在穿透实验中,采用了小型炭柱穿透和微型快速穿透实验方法,得到的TCN穿透曲线基本相同.含不同比例原煤炭和负载炭的小型炭柱处理经Fenton氧化预处理的焦化厂生化出水时,在18 d的启动阶段后形成生物活性炭柱,其出水能长期达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918-2002)规定的要求.载铜话性炭可以提高活性炭工艺对TCN的去除能力,确保处理全程(57 d)出水的TCN达标.     

应用活性炭再生含多环芳烃植物油的可行性及性能评价

为利用植物油去除污染土壤中的多环芳烃,研究了应用活性炭F400吸附柱再生含多环芳烃植物油的可行性,对含高浓度多环芳烃的植物油进行二级再生处理,优化了过程参数,比较了原植物油和经活性炭再生的植物油去除土壤中多环芳烃能力的差别.结果表明,活性炭吸附法可以实现含多环芳烃植物油的再生,证明了修复策略的可行性.二级处理可以进一步吸附植物油中的多环芳烃,且高分子量多环芳烃几乎完全被去除.再生植物油和原植物油去除土壤中多环芳烃的能力没有明显差别.     

强化活性炭吸附技术深度处理焦化废水的可行性研究

采用混凝沉淀、活性炭吸附以及混凝沉淀 活性炭吸附工艺对焦化厂生化出水进行深度处理.单独混凝沉淀或活性炭吸附均可以将水样中COD降到100 mg/L以下,达到国家污水一级排放标准和冷却用水建议标准.活性炭根据不同的材质和进水而表现出不同的吸附性能,对于焦化厂生化出水,煤质炭Ⅰ和果壳炭均表现出良好的吸附效果,并使出水COD＜100 mg/L,但处理成本较高.混凝沉淀 活性炭吸附工艺充分发挥适合去除大分子污染物的混凝沉淀与适宜去除小分子污染物的活性炭吸附技术两者的协同增效作用,吸附单元采用廉价的煤质炭,使出水水质达到个别生产或生活用水回用标准,并且降低深度处理成本.研究结果表明,混凝沉淀 活性炭吸附作为焦化厂生化出水回用工艺是经济可行的.     

Hydrodehalogenation of chlorobenzene on activated carbon and activated carbon supported catalysts

Chlorinated aromatic compounds in (waste) gases can be removed and/or dehalogenated by passing over a bed of activated carbon (AC) in a hydrogen containing atmosphere. Dehalogenation of the model compound chlorobenzene (PhCl) to HCl is complete at 490 degrees C--rather than the approximately 900 degrees C needed for the mere gas-phase reaction--but part of the benzene moieties is retained on the AC, resulting in its rather rapid deactivation, apparently due to a large decrease in surface area. Therefore, <1 mmol PhCl per gram of 'catalyst' could be processed. At 600 degrees C chlorobenzene yields 100% of both HCl and benzene, but still the AC lost most of its activity in time. Performances are compared of three different commercial ACs. As a HCl-washed AC is just as active, metals are not involved. This acid-washed AC was used as a support for 10 wt% Ni or Fe catalysts. While Fe did not show appreciable activity, results with Ni are promising. The yields of HCl and benzene from PhCl are approximately 100% already at T<400 degrees C, and T(50%) congruent with 260 degrees C, over 200 degrees C lower than with AC alone. There is no appreciable decrease of activity after having injected >20 mmol PhCl per gram of catalyst at partial conversion.     

应对南方某水厂土霉嗅味的活性炭技术

粉末活性炭（PAC）是应对季节性嗅味问题的主要处理技术,选择合适的活性炭、确定投加条件等因素对于水厂的高效运行等具有重要意义。针对南方某水厂存在的季节性嗅味问题,选择了国内9种常用PAC（包括3种煤质炭,3种木质炭,3种椰壳炭）,对其吸附能力及处理成本进行比较,同时对该水厂在用PAC的处理效果、原有预氧化工艺（预加次氯酸钠及高锰酸钾）的影响等条件进行评价。结果表明：9种PAC中碘值为1 030 mg·g-1的椰壳炭吸附能力最强,对150 ng·L-1的2-甲基异崁醇（2-MIB）吸附容量为6.2 ng·mg-1。水厂的预氧化工艺会显著降低PAC对2-MIB、土臭素（GSM）的吸附效果（分别降低29.5%、31.6%）。综合处理效果和经济成本后,碘值为800 mg·g-1的煤质炭对该水厂水源条件下的嗅味问题处理效果最优,在将2-MIB浓度由150 ng·L-1处理至嗅阈值以下时,水的活性炭处理成本为0.3 元·t-1。     

低温下膜-生物活性炭工艺深度处理回用水的试验研究

开展低温下膜-生物活性炭工艺深度处理回用水的试验研究，探讨该工艺低温运行的可行性及作用机制。结果表明，采用HRT为3h的膜-生物活性炭反应器对回用水中有机物具有良好的去除效果，CODcr，UV254、UV410的去除率分别稳定在33％、35％、40％；对NH3-N的去除效果不明显，其平均去除率在15％左右，主要受原水浓度过高的影响。同时与其他工艺进行对比研究，结果表明，由于该工艺结合了膜分离、活性炭吸附、生物降解三者的综合作用而表现出明显的优势。     

Water purification by sulfide-containing activated carbon

We investigated a new kind of activated carbon named gaiasafe-Formstoff [1] as an agent for powerful heavy metal reduction. This activated carbon contains highly dispersed sulfide compounds. Our investigations with lead containing wastewaters showed an outstanding metal sulfide precipitation power of the new agent. The lead reduction rates are independent of wastewater parameters like lead concentration and complexing agent concentration. Contacted as powder or as a fixed bed with wastewater gaiasafe-Formstoff showed the best cleaning capacity in comparison to all other agents tested. Investigations with gaiasafe-Formstoff about its ability to reduce the contents of further heavy metals in wastewater are under way. The gaiasafe-Formstoff reaction products with wastewater represent an energy-rich and raw material-rich resource when fed to metallurgical processes.     

生物活性炭在生活污水处理中的基础研究

探讨利用粒状生物活性炭（GBAC）和固定粉状生物活性炭（IPBAC）对人工废水CODMn处理的效果。结果表明,GBAC和IPBAC中微生物的生长（UV254）与运行周期密切相关。GBAC和IPBAC运行初期内,炭表面的生物膜逐步形成,微生物不稳定,从而导致UV254值波动较大。随着运行周期的延长,生物膜生长逐步趋于稳定。随着炭层高度的增长,生物活性炭对CODMn的去除率也越大。GBAC与IPBAC对CODMn都有很高的去除率,但GBAC对CODMn的去除率高于IPBAC。     

Modeling VOCs adsorption onto activated carbon

The activated carbon adsorption process is affected by the characteristics of adsorbent, adsorbate and environmental conditions. In this study, both adsorption and desorption processes are assumed to occur simultaneously and a numerical model was developed with a non-linear driving force in conjunction with the Langmuir model for predicting the overall adsorption process. The numerical model provides both adsorption and desorption rate constants and activation energies. The resultant equilibrium constants are of the same order of magnitude as reported by other studies. Results show that the model could well predict the adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves under various conditions.     

活性炭固定床操作参数的优化

研究了操作参数对活性炭固定床处理有机废气的影响。温度升高，吸附容量下降。湿度的存在会减少活性炭对有机物的吸附容量。适当的操作气速为0.1-0.5m/s，在此范围内，气速与压降在对数坐标上呈线性关系。     

活性炭纤维脱除二氧化碳的实验研究

采用活性炭纤维(ACF)作为吸附材料,研究了ACF对CO_2和N_2的吸、脱分离特性。结果表明,粘胶基活性炭纤维(V-ACF)和聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PAN-ACF)对CO_2和N_2都表现出较好的吸附效果,其中V-ACF对CO_2和N_2的吸附系数高达9,说明ACF是很好的吸附分离材料。ACF对不同烟气浓度和温度下对CO_2吸附的结果说明,ACF对于高浓度CO_2更易于脱除;讨论了ACF在不同解析温度或时间对吸附的影响和ACF的热稳定性,结果表明,在较高解析温度或者较长解析时间下更加容易脱除CO_2,且再生时间短,最佳的解析时间为15 min。经过相同的多次实验,ACF的性能稳定,再生效率稳定在86%。     

Adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon for 3,5-dichlorophenol in activated sludge

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) process based on the adsorption capacity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in activated sludge and the effect of dissolved organic substances in activated sludge on the adsorption capacity of PAC. The DCP adsorption capacity of three PACs originated from different raw materials (coal, soft coal and sawdust) in activated sludge were 29%, 34% and 17% of that of new PAC, respectively. The performance of PACT process for shock loading of 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) was different among PACs in spite of the same adsorption capacity in new PAC. The performance of PACT process for removal of DCP is dependent not on the adsorption capacity of new PAC but on the adsorption capacity of PAC in the aeration tank. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) with molecular weight smaller than 50kDa did not affect the adsorption capacity of PAC for 3,5-DCP in the activated sludge reactor. DOM with molecular weight larger than 50kDa and biofilm developed on the surface of PAC seemed to be responsible for the decreased adsorption capacity of PAC for the DCP.     

改性活性炭脱硫剂的研究进展

活性炭是一种应用广泛的脱硫剂 ,其脱硫性能取决于它的孔隙结构和表面化学性质。为了提高其对SO2 的吸附效率及催化性能 ,往往需要对活性炭的孔隙结构进行调整或改变其表面化学性质。本文综述了活性炭的改性方法及其特点、改性活性炭脱硫剂的研究现状和进展等方面的概况。     

改性活性炭纤维吸附脱除气态汞

采用浸渍法对活性碳纤维(ACF)改性,所制得的吸附剂在固定床上进行汞吸附评价。Boehm滴定表明,浓HNO3和H2O2改性后的ACF表面含氧官能团有所增加,含氧官能团的增加有利于汞的吸附。XRF结果表明,ACF经硝酸银浸渍后,银离子被还原成单质银,使其对汞的吸附性能得到改变,并随着硝酸银浓度的增大而增大。ACF经活性MnO2和KMnO4浸渍后,吸附效果均有所提高,穿透时间大大加长,穿透吸附量也大大提高,两者均可达到170μg/g。     

污泥活性炭净水剂的制备及表征

以5种不同污水处理厂的污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2活化法(ZnCl2与污泥的投配质量比例为3∶5,活化24 h,炭化温度为550℃,炭化1 h)制备污泥活性炭。并对制得的污泥活性炭的比表面积、粒径分布、孔径分布、官能团及制备后浸出毒性等进行表征,初步判定来自不同污水厂、不同类型污泥化学改性后制得活性炭具有较好的吸附性能,从技术角度上看,作为废水的净水剂是可行的。     

氮改性活性碳纤维的脱硫作用

为了提高活性碳纤维的脱硫性能,使用三聚氰胺、氯化铵、尿素作为改性剂对活性碳纤维进行改性,得到一系列含氮活性碳纤维(N-ACFs).通过XPS研究了改性活性碳纤维的表面化学结构的变化,并测定了其脱硫性能.实验发现:三聚氰胺改性ACF的最大累积硫容为38.26 mg/g,氯化铵改性ACF的最大累积硫容33.69 mg/g,...