Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.     

多孔不锈钢基氧化铝膜去除水溶液中的Cr(VI)和Cd(II)

通过悬浮粒子浸涂法将合成的γ-Al₂O₃纳米粒子固载于316L多孔不锈钢表面以吸附水溶液中的Cr（VI）和Cd（Ⅱ）.扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明,γ相的Al₂O₃纳米粒子均匀地涂在了316L多孔不锈钢基体上,膜体表面沉积厚度约为20 μm.该膜对单一Cr（VI）和Cd（Ⅱ）吸附的最佳pH分别为3.0~4.0和8.0~9.0,吸附均符合动力学准二级模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,最大吸附量分别为0.603 mg·g^-1和0.399 mg·g^-1.本研究可为水体中的高毒性重金属Cr（VI）和Cd（Ⅱ）去除提供一定的理论和技术参考.     

土霉素和金霉素在土壤中的吸附–解吸行为

选择黑土和褐土两种典型东北地区土壤为吸附体,采用批平衡实验的方法,研究了四环素类抗生素(TCs)——土霉素(OTC)和金霉素(CTC)在褐土和黑土的吸附和解吸行为。结果表明:OTC和CTC都表现出较强的吸附性,且TCs在黑土上的吸附效果优于褐土。TCs在褐土和黑土上的吸附等温线均能较好地与Freundlich和Langmuir吸附方程相拟合,且Freundlich方程(R~2=0.994)拟合效果优于Langmuir方程(R~2=0.989)。四环素类抗生素的吸附过程是一个由迅速扩散和缓慢扩散组成的双速过程。CTC在褐土和黑土中属于"L型"等温吸附线;OTC在褐土和黑土中属于"S型"等温吸附线,表现出"协同吸附"的特点。OTC在黑土中吸附速率最快,解吸性最好,所以在黑土中具有更强的迁移性,对环境存在着更大的潜在威胁。     

化学合成硫化亚铁(FeS)对三价锑的吸附作用研究

厌氧环境中硫化亚铁(FeS)在重金属元素的地球化学循环中扮演极其重要的角色。然而,厌氧条件下FeS与锑(Sb)之间的相互作用尚未有较为清晰的认识。为了探究厌氧条件下FeS对三价锑(Sb(Ⅲ))的吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及吸附的影响因素,本研究以沉淀法制备的FeS为研究对象,测试了其溶解性以及表面形貌。并通过条件实验,考察不同pH、初始FeS、反应时间等因素对FeS吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响。结果表明:吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型的描述;中性条件下Langmuir吸附模型对吸附过程具有较高的拟合度,饱和吸附量为380. 3 mg/g; Sb(Ⅲ)在酸性条件下的吸附可能与硫化矿物Sb2S3的析出密切相关,这可能是与FeS溶解产生H_2S反应的结果;而在中性及碱性条件下,FeS与Sb(Ⅲ)的反应主要与表面吸附反应有关。     

水中富勒烯(C_(60))纳米颗粒凝聚动力学研究

采用动态光散射技术研究了电解质和天然有机物对水中C60纳米颗粒凝聚动力学的影响。结果表明,电解质存在可使水中C60纳米颗粒的|ζ|减小、粒径增大,促进凝聚的发生。C60纳米颗粒凝聚过程分为反应控制和扩散控制2个阶段,符合经典的胶体稳定性(DLVO)理论。Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+的临界凝聚浓度分别为321、295、9.6和6.7 mmol/L,远高于其在水环境中的浓度水平;腐殖酸存在可通过空间位阻效应显著增强水中C60纳米颗粒的分散性;表明C60纳米颗粒可稳定存在于典型的水环境中。     

Simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) on cupric oxide (CuO) promotes As(III) removal at circumneutral pH

Oxidation of Mn(II) or As(III) by molecular oxygen is slow at pH < 9, while they can be catalytically oxidized in the presence of oxide minerals and then removed from contaminated water. However, the reaction mechanisms on simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) on oxide mineral surface and their accompanied removal efficiency remain unclear. This study compared Mn(II) oxidation on four common metal oxides (γ-Al₂O₃, CuO, α-Fe₂O₃ and ZnO) and investigated the simultaneous oxidation and removal of Mn(II) and As(III) through batch experiments and spectroscopic analyses. Among the tested oxides, CuO and α-Fe₂O₃ possess greater catalytic activity toward Mn(II) oxidation. Oxidation and removal kinetics of Mn(II) and As(III) on CuO indicate that O₂ is the terminal electron acceptor for Mn(II) and As(III) oxidation on CuO, and Mn(II) acts as an electron shuttle to promote As(III) oxidation and removal. The main oxidized product of Mn(II) on CuO is high-valent MnO_x species. This newly formed Mn(III) or Mn(IV) phases promote As(III) oxidation on CuO at circumneutral pH 8 and is reduced to Mn(II), which may be then released into solution. This study provides new insights into metal oxide-catalyzed oxidation of pollutants Mn(II) and As(III) and suggests that CuO should be considered as an efficient material to remediate Mn(II) and As(III) contamination.     

Co~(2+)掺杂和Co~(2+)-Ni~(2+)共掺杂对TiO_2光催化性能的影响

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂钴离子和钴、镍离子共掺杂的复合纳米粒子二氧化钛光催化剂,以甲基橙的脱色降解为探针反应,评价了光催化剂的光催化活性,研究了不同掺杂量以及掺杂粒子不同时,对光催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明:当钴的掺杂量在0.2%时,光催化剂的活性最佳,而钴镍共掺杂的掺杂量在0.4%时,光催化剂的活性最好,且钴掺杂的催化活性比钴镍掺杂的更有效。     

ESR study of Fe(III) and Cr(III) hydroxides

The authors would like to thank Dr. A. Relier and B. Spring (University of Zürich) for providing the DSC analysis. This research was supported by the Swiss National Foundation, project no. 2.942-0.88 and by a grant of the Board of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.     

硫化物还原Cr(VI)的反应动力学研究

在恒温和除氧封闭条件下，通过批式试验研究了水溶液中Cr(VI)与S^2-的反应动力学及其影响因素．研究结果表明，在恒定溶液pH值(7—9范围内)和硫化物浓度过量时，反应分2个阶段．初始反应阶段(Cr(VI)反应物消耗约50％～70％区间)，反应动力学服从假1级反应规律，ln C-t作图呈线性关系；反应后期(Cr(VI)反应物剩余大约30％-50％区间)，ln C-t曲线出现转折，反应速率明显加速．对过程进行分析，认为硫化物的最初氧化产物为单质S，然后逐渐形成胶体态S，继而胶体态S对硫化物产生强烈吸附作用，提高了硫化物的反应活性，促进了反应的加速进行．胶体态S对硫化物参与的氧化还原反应有明显的催化作用此外，溶液酸度对总反应速率有显影响，H^ 的反应级数为L．     

The effect of light on the Mn(II) or Fet(lll)-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous S(IV)

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Ce_(0.65-x)Co_xK_(0.15)Zr_(0.2)O_2催化碳烟燃烧活性研究

采用柠檬酸络合燃烧法制备了不同铈钴摩尔比的Ce_(0.65-x)Co_xK_(0.15)Zr_(0.2)O_2(x=0,0.15,0.23,0.30,0.38,0.45,0.65)催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR与H_2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行表征,并通过程序升温氧化反应(TPO)考察了催化剂不同Ce/Co比对碳烟颗粒物催化燃烧活性的影响。研究结果表明:在松散接触条件下,该系列催化剂催化碳烟颗粒物燃烧活性较高,T_m均小于400℃,当x=0.23时活性最高,T_i与T_m分别为321℃与355℃,催化剂所表现出的高活性受益于样品表面具有大量高活性的细小Co_3O_4颗粒物。     

游离氨(FA)对氨氧化菌(AOB)活性抑制动力学试验

为探究游离氨(FA)对氨氧化细菌抑制动力学影响,本试验采用序批式活性污泥(SBR)反应器,在通过改变系统进水FA浓度以实现稳定的短程硝化,达到富集AOB目的基础上,以短程硝化污泥为对象,基于批次试验,考察不同FA浓度梯度下氨氧化过程比亚硝态氮产生速率(SNi PR)变化规律,进而拟合FA抑制AOB活性抑制动力学模型,并进行统计学分析.结果表明,当0.7 mg·L~(-1)≤FA≤50.2 mg·L~(-1)时,随着FA浓度升高,SNi PR(以N/VSS计)迅速升高.当FA≥50.2 mg·L~(-1)时,SNi PR随着FA浓度升高而降低.尤其当FA浓度高于687.1 mg·L~(-1)时,SNi PR始终维持在0 g·(g·d)~(-1),表明AOB活性被完全抑制.相对于Haldane、Edwards~(-1)#、Edwards-2#、Luong抑制动力学模型,Aiba模型最适合描述FA对AOB活性的抑制影响.其统计学常数:残差平方和(RSS)为0.005、相关系数(R2)为0.932、拟合方程的显著性差异(F)为181.7、可信度(P)为1.06×10-9.其动力学常数值:最大比亚硝态氮产生速率(rmax,以N/VSS计)为0.37 g·(g·d)~(-1);半饱和常数(KS)为11.78 mg·L~(-1);抑制常数(KI)为153.74 mg·L~(-1).     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on arsenic (As) accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

under As stress, proper mechanisms are employed by AM fungi to protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirm that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.     

Enhanced removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from Cl(-Ⅰ)-diluted SO4(-Ⅱ)-rich wastewater at pH 2.3 via mixed tooeleite and(Cl(-Ⅰ)-free) ferric arsenite hydroxychloride formation

An advanced cost-saving method of removal of high-As(Ⅲ) from SO₄(-Ⅱ)-rich metallurgi cal wastewater has been developed by diluting the SO₄(-Ⅱ) content with As(Ⅲ)-Cl(-Ⅰ)-rich metallurgical wastewater and then by the direct precipitation of As(Ⅲ) with Fe(Ⅲ) at pH2.3.As(Ⅲ) removal at various SO₄(-Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) molar ratios and temperatures was investigated The results showed that 65.2–98.2%of As(III) immobilization into solids occurred at the SO₄(Ⅱ)/Cl(-Ⅰ) mo...     

联想(中国)企业社会责任报告2009—2010(环境部分)

概况新联想是一家极富创新性的国际化科技公司,由联想集团及原IBM个人电脑事业部组成。联想全球总部位于中国北京和美国罗利,制造和物流基地主要设在中国、墨西哥、美国、印度、马来西亚、日本和澳大利亚等地。目前,联想在全球超过60个国家拥有分支机构,在日本大和、中国北京、上海和深圳以及美国罗利均设有主要研