电絮凝—气浮—生物氧化塘处理制革废水

制革污水中污染物成份复杂，ＣＯＤｃｒ及ＢＯＤ５含量很高，同时还含有硫化物、铬等无机成份，处理工艺较为复杂，我们经调研后采用电絮凝、气浮、生物氧化塘处理方法，该工艺简单，投资少，处理效果优良，适宜于中小型制革厂。     

电絮凝法用于重金属废水处理研究进展

简述了电絮凝法处理重金属废水的基本原理,重点综述了电絮凝技术在重金属废水处理和给水净化中应用现状。最后提出了该技术存在的问题及今后的发展方向:还需从电源、电极、电解槽等方面进行优化改进以降低处理能耗;同时与其他工艺的联用是今后发展趋势之一。     

涡旋絮凝气浮的理论及其应用研究

应用流体动力学和气浮原理 ,研究分析紊流条件下絮凝气浮的动力学致因 ,提出了涡旋絮凝气浮理论和方法。介绍了涡旋絮凝气浮池的工作原理及实际应用情况。     

电絮凝去除废水中多种重金属影响因素研究

目的以铁作为电极,研究电絮凝法处理含多种重金属废水的影响因素及效果。方法通过控制pH、停留时间、电流密度、电导率、废水初始浓度等因素至不同水平,考察处理效果、能耗及极板消耗的变化。结果随着停留时间、pH值及电流密度的升高,处理效果越好,但升高至一定程度后,处理效果提升并不明显;电导率对处理效果影响并不显著,但过低的电导率会增加能耗;废水初始浓度越高,要达到处理目标所需的能耗及极板消耗均越高。结论当pH为8.5~9.0、进水电导率为1500~2000μs/cm、停留时间为3~4 min、废水初始质量浓度20 mg/L、电流密度为13.2~19.8 A/m2时,处理效果最理想,对总铜、总镍、总铅、总锌、总镉及总铬的去除率达到99%以上,且能耗与极板消耗均为最低,电絮凝法更适合于重金属废水的深度处理。     

芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺处理MBR出水特性

为去除垃圾渗滤液MBR出水有机物,以铝(Al)为阳极,碳聚四氟乙烯(C-PTFE)为阴极构建了芬顿阴极-电凝聚臭氧气浮工艺,通过与常规电絮凝阴极(Al和SS)对比,探明了该工艺对垃圾渗滤液MBR膜出水的去除特性.结果表明:在pH5和臭氧流量为300mL/min时,芬顿阴极体系相比于SS和Al阴极体系对COD的去除率分别...     

电芬顿法处理重金属络合物Ni-EDTA的研究

本文首先研究了电絮凝与电芬顿对Ni-EDTA去除效率对比,结果发现电絮凝对Ni-EDTA去除效率较低.通过电化学阳极溶解产生Fe2+,外加H2O2反应的阳极电芬顿过程可有效去除Ni-EDTA.详细考察Ni-EDTA初始浓度、电流密度、p H值及H2O2投加量对Ni-EDTA去除率的影响.结果表明,电芬顿方法处理Ni-EDTA络合物其初始浓度越低,去除效果越好.反应最佳p H值为3.5,H2O2投加量在一定条件下存在最优值,而络合物的去除率随着电流密度的增加而提高.对Ni-EDTA去除过程进行了分析.     

电絮凝处理含铜废水的试验研究

针对含铜废水对生态环境的严重污染问题,提出了电絮凝法处理含铜废水中的Cu2＋,讨论了溶液初始pH、电流密度、电极间距、电絮凝时间等因素对去除效果的影响.确定了最佳电絮凝条件,即在初始pH=5.0,电流密度为6 mA/cm2,电极间距为1 cm,处理时间为30 min的工艺条件下,含铜废水中Cu2＋去除率为98.5％.     

白钨选矿尾水石灰絮凝沉降效果初步探讨

为了利用人工湿地对白钨选矿尾水进行深度处理时不发生堵塞,选择石灰作为絮凝剂,进行了预处理试验,考察了絮凝剂用量对尾水沉降速度及污染物去除效率的影响。结果表明:随着石灰用量的增加,清液中悬浮物和重金属的含量降低,尾水的沉降速度减慢。对比清液中重金属与悬浮物的去除率,并根据原矿成分和选矿流程进一步推导,发现尾水中重金属的主要存在形式为悬浮态。综合考虑沉降速度、清液中悬浮物含量、经济效益三个因素,确定预处理过程中石灰用量为1.5kg/t尾水。     

电絮凝技术在废水处理中的应用

目前,国内外许多学者在电絮凝去除有机污染物、重金属以及氟方面做了大量研究,试验表明,在水处理中,电絮凝技术有着良好的发展空间。     

电絮凝法处理毛纺染色废水

研究了电絮凝法处理毛纺染色废水的可行性及其处理效果。结果表明，电絮凝法对废水的色度和ＣＯＤ具有良好的去除效果。实验确定的电絮凝法处理条件为：电流密谋，电解时间２５ｍｉｎ，色度和ＣＯＤ的去除率最高分别为９８％和５３％。     

Removal of heavy metals from artificial metals contaminated water samples based on micelle-templated silica modified with pyoverdin I

The micelle-templated silica (MTS) was firstly chemically modified with 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) before immobilized with pyoverdin I. The characteristics of pyoverdin I-anchored onto the modified MTS were investigated using fluorescence, infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The specific surface area of all materials was calculated by Bnmauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method using nitrogen isotherm adsorption data. As the results, the surface area of commercial silica gel decreased from 609.2 to 405.4 m2/g, it indicated that the pyoverdin I could be immobilized onto the surface of silica solid support. This adsorbent was used for extraction of Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), and Pb(Ⅱ) in artificial metals contaminated water. Experimental conditions for effective adsorption of trace levels of metal ions were optimized with respect to different experimental parameters using batch procedure. The optimum pH value for the removal of metal ions simultaneously on this adsorbent was 4.0. Complete desorption of the adsorbed metal ions from the adsorbent was carded out using 0.25 mol/L of EDTA. The effcct of different cations and anions on the adsorption of these metals on adsorbent was studied and the results showed that the proposed adsorbent could be applied to the highly saline samples and the sample which contains some transition metals.     

Effect of sediment size on bioleaching of heavy metals from contaminated sediments of Izmir Inner Bay

The effect of sediment size on metals bioleaching from bay sediments was investigated by using fine (< 45 μm), medium (45-300 μm), and coarse (300-2000 μm) size fractions of a sediment sample contaminated with Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Chemical speciation of the metals in bulk and size fractions of sediment were studied before and after bioleaching. Microbial activity was provided with mixed cultures of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioleaching process was carried out in flask experiments for 48 days, by using 5% (W/V) of solid concentration in suspension. Bioleaching was found to be efficient for the removal of selected heavy metals from every size fraction of sediments, where the experiments with the smaller particles resulted in the highest solubilization ratios. At the end of the experimental period, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were solubilized to the ratios of 68%, 88%, 72%, and 91% from the fine sediment, respectively. Higher removal efficiencies can be explained by the larger surface area provided by the smaller particles. The changes in the chemical forms of metals were determined and most of the metal releases were observed from the reducible and organic fractions independent from grain size. Higher concentrations were monitored in the residual fraction after bioleaching period, suggesting they are trapped in this fraction, and cannot be solubilized under natural conditions.     

淋洗修复后残留土壤中重金属的再释放及环境风险

淋洗修复后残留土壤中的重金属会因外界环境的改变可能会发生再释放过程而使环境风险增加,淹水是农田土壤常见的管理模式之一,然而淹水介导的土壤环境条件的改变对淋洗修复后残留农田土壤中重金属的再释放和环境风险的变化影响尚不清楚.因此,本研究开展了持续淹水培养（180 d）对经柠檬酸（CA）、EDTA、FeCl₃和HCl淋洗修复后残留土壤中Cd、Pb和Zn的有效性、形态分配和环境风险的影响研究.结果表明随着培养时间的延长,经CA、EDTA和HCl淋洗后土壤中有效态Cd含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,有效态Pb含量增加,有效态Zn含量减少.经FeCl₃淋洗后土壤中有效态Cd、Pb和Zn含量随培养时间延长而增加.形态分析结果表明,淹水会使土壤E_h降低而致使铁锰氧化物的溶解,因此导致可还原态Pb含量向弱酸提取态Pb转移是有效态Pb含量增加的原因;土壤弱酸提取态Cd含量变化与土壤有效态Cd含量变化基本一致;淹水对淋洗修复后Zn形态的影响较小.基于改进的潜在生态风险指数法评价结果表明淹水使CA、EDTA和HCl淋洗后土壤Cd、Zn环境风险和重金属环境总风险减少,使Pb的环境风险增加.淹水后FeCl₃淋洗后土壤Cd、Pb和Zn环境风险及重金属环境总风险增加.由于FeCl₃淋洗后的土壤重金属污染状况较低且环境总风险（低风险）明显小于其它3种淋洗剂淋洗的土壤,因此,FeCl₃可成为Cd-Pb-Zn复合污染土壤的淋洗剂选择,但是需关注其淋洗修复后残留土壤中重金属的再释放并采取调控措施.本研究结果可为农田重金属污染土壤合适淋洗剂的选择和淋洗法修复重金属污染农田土壤的效果评估提供更为合理的指导思路.     

水坝建设影响下澜沧江中游沉积物重金属形态分析及污染指数研究

采集了漫湾库区和大朝山库区25个采样断面的沉积物样品.每个库区均从上游到下游分为河流区、过渡区和湖泊区,研究了沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn元素的含量和赋存形态差异,利用次生相与原生相分布比值法(RSP)分析重金属元素的污染水平.结果表明,各库区从上游到下游沉积物中的重金属元素和碳氮元素均呈现出增加的趋势,而沉积物的中值粒径呈现出减小的趋势.漫湾库区的As、Cd、Zn元素平均含量均高于大朝山库区;大朝山库区的Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb元素平均含量均高于漫湾库区.在重金属赋存形态中,Cd和Mn元素以可交换态和残渣态为主;Cu、Pb以有机质态和残渣态为主;其余重金属元素均以残渣态为主.沉积物中的可交换态在有机碳的络合作用下转化成有机质态.在水坝建设的影响下沉积物中细颗粒和有机质含量明显上升,重金属在细颗粒物和有机质的共同作用下蓄积于坝前的沉积物中.PSR分析结果表明,在水坝运行影响下,各库区湖泊区和过渡区的污染水平均高于河流区.其中,Cd元素所有地区处于重度污染水平;Mn和Pb大部分区域处于中度污染水平;Cu元素大部分区域处于轻度污染水平;其余元素基本无污染.     

基于底泥重金属污染及生态风险评价的星云湖疏浚深度判定

湖泊污染底泥环保疏浚工程需判定合理的疏浚深度。以星云湖底泥为研究对象,采集8个底泥柱状样,分析底泥中As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn浓度的垂向变化特征,应用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价了重金属污染程度及潜在生态风险,基于重金属污染程度和生态风险水平确定合理的环保疏浚深度。结果表明:星云湖底泥中As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn浓度平均值分别为14.76、35.76、46.14、46.08、115.76和109.82 mg/kg,As、Pb和Zn浓度均超过GB 15618—2018《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;底泥中重金属的污染多为清洁水平,部分采样点Pb和Zn偏中度污染,总体表现为Pb>Zn>As>Ni>Cu>Cr;底泥重金属潜在生态风险处于轻度生态风险水平,各采样点生态风险水平为1^#>7^#>2^#>6^#>4^#>3^#>8^#>5^#;利用临界累积深度法结合生态风险变化拐点法推荐星云湖除东南部外湖湾底泥环保疏浚深度为20~30 cm。     

Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using tartaric acid

This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal （HM） contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） were much higher than those for copper （Cu） and zinc （Zn）. Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.     

苏州河底泥中重金属的烧结无害化研究

采用有氧烧结法和还原烧结法处理苏州河底泥,研究了底泥中重金属的无害化效果.结果表明,有氧烧结温度900℃以上时,对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd去除率达40%～65%;烧结温度为500～900℃时,尽管对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd去除效果不明显,但能有效抑制其溶出.有氧烧结法不仅不能实现Cr的去除,而且会增加Cr的溶出,这是由于有氧烧结过程中Cr(III)被转化为Cr(VI),而底泥对Cr(VI)的吸附能力很有限.还原烧结法则能有效防止底泥中Cr(III)向Cr(VI)的转化,从而抑制包括Cr在内的重金属的溶出.     

长江口底沙再悬浮对重金属迁移的影响

通过分析长江口南槽上段白龙港排污口邻近水域14 h不间断定点剖面上采集的水体中颗粒态和溶解态重金属元素Zn,Cu,As,Cd,V,Cr,Ni和Pb浓度,研究潮周期内表层沉积物的再悬浮对重金属在颗粒态和溶解态中分配和迁移的影响.结果表明:潮周期内中层单位质量悬沙的重金属浓度(Mp)始终大于底层;随着含沙量(TSS)增大,单位悬沙的各重金属浓度(Mp)减小,水体中各重金属颗粒态浓度(Ms)增大,溶解态浓度(Md)减小;当含沙量大于一定值时,单位悬沙的各重金属浓度趋向稳定值;含沙量分别在涨憩和落急时达到峰值,所以涨憩沙峰时刻有利于重金属的吸附,但落急沙峰时刻因流速较大,不利于重金属的吸附.因此,转流时水质较涨、落急好.     

鼠李糖脂对林丹-重金属复合污染土壤的同步淋洗效果研究

选取典型有机氯农药林丹及典型重金属Pb、Cd为目标污染物,以模拟污染土壤为对象,考察了鼠李糖脂对林丹/重金属的增溶/配合作用及其影响因素,同时分析了淋洗前后土壤重金属的形态变化,并深入研究了鼠李糖脂对林丹-重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗效果.结果表明,林丹溶解度随鼠李糖脂浓度及离子强度的提高显著增大,但随pH(5.0~10.0)的提高而逐渐降低.鼠李糖脂对Pb的配合能力大于Cd,两种重金属的配合浓度随鼠李糖脂浓度的增加而增加;pH提高对Pb的配合有抑制作用,而对Cd有所促进.鼠李糖脂在土壤上的吸附符合线性等温吸附.当鼠李糖脂浓度高于5000 mg·L-1时,其对3种污染物的淋洗开始有显著效果;当鼠李糖脂浓度为40000 mg·L-1时,其对林丹、Pb及Cd的去除率分别达到76.9%、18.0%和100%,且pH为7.0时淋洗效果最好.同时,鼠李糖脂对不同形态Pb和Cd的去除能力有差异,其中,对可交换态重金属的去除最为有效.     

改良剂对Cu、Cd污染土壤重金属形态转化的影响

采用室内培养的方法,比较石灰、钙镁磷肥、硅肥、紫云英、猪粪和泥炭等几种改良剂作用下Cu、Cd污染酸性水稻土中不同形态重金属的动态变化.结果表明,土壤添加石灰、钙镁磷肥、硅肥、紫云英和猪粪培养120d期间,土壤pH值呈现先增加至最大值而后缓慢降低的趋势,但均高于对照,而添加泥炭后土壤pH值略有下降.各改良剂的使用均显著降低了土壤水溶态和交换态Cu、Cd含量,且在培养期间呈现先逐渐降低至最小值而后再增加的趋势.相关分析结果表明,土壤水溶态和交换态Cu、Cd含量与土壤pH值之间均存在极显著的负相关关系.土壤添加改良剂后碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态Cu、Cd含量均有不同幅度的增加,说明改良剂的应用能够使土壤重金属由有效态向某些潜在有效态或无效态转变,从而达到修复重金属污染土壤的目的.