姚江水源水有机物分子量分布

采用超滤膜法对宁波姚江水源水进行了有机物分子量分布的测定,结果表明其中小分子量有机物占50%以上,同时也用超滤膜法对梅林水厂的常规工艺对溶解性有机物的去除效果进行了测定,发现其对小分子有机物的去除效果不甚理想。     

东江水源水中有机物分子量分布特征研究

采用超滤膜法考察了东江水源水中有机物分子量分布特点,研究了东江泄洪和不泄洪水源水中有机物分子量分布的变化特征。结果表明,东江水源水在不泄洪期间水源水中的溶解性有机物主要为小分子量的有机物。而在泄洪期间,东江水源水中溶解性有机物主要为大分子量的有机物。UV254的分布和有机物分子量分布一致,DOC与UV254具有良好的相关性。泄洪期间水源水中SUVA值小于3,水体中有机物很难通过常规混凝工艺去除,此结果与水厂的实际运行情况相吻合。     

废水处理系统中有机物分子量分布及其变化

采用超滤膜法对废水处理系统中有机物的分子量分布及其变化进行研究,分析有机物分子量分布特性及不同分子量分布区间有机物的相对含量。结果表明:厌氧、缺氧、好氧反应池出水中,小于1K分子量区间上的有机物所占比例最高。该分子量区间有机物TOC分别占总TOC的60.9%、58.5%、65.2%,UV254分别占总UV254的69.9%、67.9%、82.1%。传统工艺对小分子量有机物去除效率较低。     

绍兴市富营养化水源水中有机物特性研究

采用超滤法对绍兴富营养化水源水中有机物进行了分子量的测定,继而考察了不同分子量区间的有机物对色度,紫外吸收的影响,并与淮河（蚌埠段）水及密云水库水中的有机物特性作了比较,发现密云水库水以小分子有机物为主,分子量小３０００的有机物占总ＢＯＣ的９６．７％,而绍兴水及淮河水（蚌埠段）中有机物相对分子质量分布相对较为均匀,分子量大于３０００的有机物占总ＤＯＣ的比例分别为２８．３７％和３８．２８％,水中有机     

黄浦江水源的溶解性有机物分子量分布变化的特点

通过一年时间对黄浦江上游水进行有机物分子量分布的测定，表明黄浦江有机物分子量分布的变化受湖泊水质和排入污水的共同影响，其主要特征是溶解性的低分子量有机物占多数，黄浦江水中的腐殖酸含量和三氯甲烷生成潜能在夏季时最高，冬季时最低。     

典型南方水源溶解性有机物分子量分布变化及去除特性

用超滤膜法对以东江为水源的深圳水库水体溶解性有机物(DOM)进行物理分级表征,研究了2005年3～9月原水中DOM分子量分布的连续变化特性,以及各分子量范围的DOM组分与消毒副产物三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)之间的关系结果表明,在此原水DOM中,相对分子量小于1000的有机物所占比例最高(平均值为41.15%(以DOC计)),这说明东江原水中DOM主要以小分子量有机物为主,此分子量范围有机物所产生的THMFP在原水中所占比例均值为32.23%水处理研究表明,常规工艺和深度处理工艺对其DOC和THMFP的去除率均不高.对原水总DOC的贡献占第二位的是分子量在104～3×104之间的有机物(均值为24.07%),其对总THMFP的贡献率为29.09%,常规工艺对此分子量范围有机物去除效果很好.     

微污染水源水中毒害有机物的控制措施及最新研究进展

目前中国饮用水有机物污染日益加重,其危害性也逐渐被人们所重视,随着科学发展,许多水处理方法不断开发。文中阐述了控制微污染水源水中毒害有机物的主要措施：强化混凝、吸附、臭氧/生物活性炭联用、化学氧化、离子交换、膜技术等,不同的处理工艺对不同有机物的去除能力不同,某些工艺本身亦存在着问题,如膜技术存在着膜污染问题等,目前的研究是将多个工艺组合起来,形成联合工艺,从而达到多种污染物同时去除的目的,获得较好的水质。     

生物修复微污染水源除有机物研究

采用弹性填料微孔曝气生物接触氧化工艺修复受污染的某水源原水,进行去除有机污染物的研究.结果表明,在夏秋季水温23～28℃的条件下,当污染水源CODMn为6～11 mg/L、色度为30～40和生物修复工艺运行参数HRT为1.2 h、气：水（g/w）为0.5：1、DO为7～9 mg/L时,CODMn去除率为22%～36%;在冬季低水温10～16℃的条件下,当污染水源CODMn为6～10 mg/L、色度为32～35度和生物修复工艺运行参数HRT为1.2 h、g/w为0.5：1、DO为8～10 mg/L时,CODMn去除率为10%～23%.     

基于分子量分布的石化污水厂出水溶解性有机物性质研究

采用超滤膜法对某石化综合污水厂二级出水进行了分级,结合TOC、UV₂₅₄和三维荧光光谱分析,对不同分子量区间中的溶解性有机物的所占比例、物质特性和成分进行了研究。结果表明：污水厂二级出水中溶解性有机物分子量小于1 kDa的有机物所占比例最高,其DOC占原水DOC的92.7%。分子量为5和10 kDa的两种组分芳香构造化程度较高。三维荧光光谱分析表明,分子量大于1 kDa的溶解性有机物主要含有蛋白质类和腐殖质类物质,其中色氨酸类芳香族蛋白质所占比例较高。     

江苏某地长江、太湖水源水及出厂水中有机物雌激素活性的比较

于2010年10月～2012年3月期间4次采集江苏WX和SZ地区长江、太湖水源水及相关自来水厂出厂水共43个水样,通过XAD-2树脂吸附、洗脱、浓缩其中的非挥发性有机物(nonvolatile organic compounds,NVOCs);应用重组酵母雌激素筛检试验(recombinant yeast estrogen screen,YES试验)检测和比较水中有机物雌激素活性水平.结果表明所有长江、太湖水源水样均具有雌激素活性,太湖水源水的雌二醇当量(EEQs)为0.04～2.07 ng.L-1,EC25-E2水样量为5.78～207.98 mL,长江水源水的雌二醇当量(EEQs)为0.69～1.15 ng.L-1,EC25-E2水样量为9.06～31.62 mL;SZ地区太湖水源水中具类雌激素内分泌干扰物的污染程度(0.69 ng.L-1)高于WX地区(0.44 ng.L-1);长江、太湖水源水经自来水厂常规净水工艺处理后,58.3%的出厂水样未检出雌激素活性,长江水源自来水厂可降低雌激素活性80.3%～100%,而太湖水源自来水厂可降低55.5%～100%.     

天津市典型排污河水体中溶解性有机质的荧光分布特征分析

利用三维荧光光谱研究了天津市两条典型排污河(大沽排污河和北塘排污河)沿河水体中溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光分布特征,并通过对荧光参数——紫外区类富里酸峰中心位置的荧光强度与可见区类富里酸峰中心位置的荧光强度比值(r(A,C))和激发光波长370nm时荧光发射光谱强度在450nm与500nm处的比值(f450/500)的分析,探讨了水体中DOM的来源.结果表明,大沽排污河除中游个别位置外,其它位置水体均能检出紫外区类富里酸、类蛋白、可见光区类腐殖质、紫外区类腐殖质,总体上呈中游少、上下游多的特点;而北塘排污河水体中DOM的荧光峰从上游到下游呈增多趋势,但检出数量比较少.两条排污河水体中DOM均以紫外区类腐殖质最强.两条排污河水体中DOM的荧光强度与其水质参数之间存在显著相关性,而大沽排污河的相关系数更大.结合荧光参数r(A,C)和f450/500的分析和现场对入河排污口的调研,发现两条排污河的溶解性有机质来源均以入河排污口排污汇入(陆源)为主,另外还有少量沉积物有机质释放(微生物作用).     

Molecular characterization of effluent organic matter in secondary effluent and reclaimed water: Comparison to natural organic matter in source water

Municipal wastewater reclamation is becoming of increasing importance in the world to solve the problem of water scarcity. A better understanding of the molecular composition of effluent organic matter(Ef OM) in the treated effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) is crucial for ensuring the safety of water reuse. In this study, the molecular composition of Ef OM in the secondary effluent of a WWTP in Beijing and the reclaimed water further treated with a coagulation–sedimentation–ozonation process were characterized using a non-target Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS) method and compared to that of natural organic matter(NOM) in the local source water from a reservoir. It was found that the molecular composition of Ef OM in the secondary effluent and reclaimed water was dominated by CHOS formulas, while NOM in the source water was dominated by CHO formulas. The CHO formulas of the three samples had similar origins. Anthropogenic surfactants were responsible for the CHOS formulas in Ef OM of the secondary effluent and were not well removed by the coagulation-sedimentation-ozonation treatment process adopted.     

Impact of pre-oxidation on the formation of byproducts in algae-laden water disinfection: Insights from fluorescent and molecular weight

Pre-oxidation has been reported to be an effective way to remove algal cells in water, but the released algal organic matter (AOM) could be oxidized and lead to the increment in disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. The relationship between pre-oxidation and AOM-derived DBP formation needs to be approached more precisely. This study compared the impact of four pre-oxidants, ozone (O₃), chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), on the formation of nitrogenous (N-) and carbonaceous (C-) DBPs in AOM chlorination. The characterization (fluorescent properties, molecular weight distribution and amino acids concentration) on AOM samples showed that the characterization properties variations after pre-oxidation were highly dependent on the oxidizing ability of oxidants. The disinfection experiments showed that O₃ increased DBP formation most significantly, which was consistent with the result of characterization properties variations. Then canonical correspondent analysis (CCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis were conducted based on the characterization data and DBP formation. CCA indicated that C-DBPs formation was highly dependent on fluorescent data. The formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) had a positive correlation with aromatic protein-like component while trichloromethane (TCM) had a positive correlation with fulvic acid-like component. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that low molecular weight fractions were favorable to form N-DBPs. Therefore, characterization data could provide the advantages in the control of DBP formation, which further revealed that KMnO₄ and ClO₂ were better options for removing algal cells as well as limiting DBP formation.     

Changes in different organic matter fractions during conventional treatment and advanced treatment

XAD-8 resin isolation of organic matter in water was used to divide organic matter into the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. A pilot plant was used to investigate the change in both fractions during conventional and advanced treatment processes. The treatment of hydrophobic organics (HPO), rather than hydrophilic organicas (HPI), should carry greater emphasis due to HPO’s higher trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP). The removal of hydrophobic matter and its transmission into hydrophilic matter reduced ultimate DBP yield during the disinfection process. The results showed that sand filtration, ozonation, and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration had distinct influences on the removal of both organic fractions. Additionally, the combination of processes changed the organic fraction proportions present during treatment. The use of ozonation and BAC maximized organic matter removal e ciency, especially for the hydrophobic fraction. In sum, the combination of pre-ozonation, conventional treatment, and O3-BAC removed 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 60% of HPO, 30% of HPI, 63% of THMFP, and 85% of HAAFP. The use of conventional treatment and O3-BAC without pre-ozonation had a comparable performance, removing 51% of DOC, 56% of HPO, 45% of HPI, 61% of THMFP, and 72% of HAAFP. The e ectiveness of this analysis method indicated that resin isolation and fractionation should be standardized as an applicable test to help assess water treatment process e ciency.     

水源水库沉积物及其上覆水DOM光谱特征

为探究水源水库溶解性有机质(DOM)组成结构及来源,以深圳市茜坑水库为例,采用紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-Vis)并结合平行因子分析法三维荧光光谱技术(EEMs-PARAFAC)对水库表层沉积物及其上覆水的DOM光谱特征进行分析.结果表明:PARAFAC识别出3类荧光组分,分别是Cl(Ex/Em=270/304nm,类蛋...     

Simultaneous removal of dissolved organic matter and bromide from drinking water source by anion exchange resins for controlling disinfection by-products

Anion exchange resins （AERs） with different properties were evaluated for their ability to remove dissolved organic matter （DOM） and bromide, and to reduce disinfection by-product （DBP） formation potentials of water collected from a eutrophic surface water source in Japan. DOM and bromide were simultaneously removed by all selected AERs in batch adsorption experiments. A polyacrylic magnetic ion exchange resin （MIEX） showed faster dissolved organic carbon （DOC） removal than other AERs because it had the smallest resin bead size. Aromatic DOM fractions with molecular weight larger than 1600 Da and fluorescent organic fractions of fulvic acid- and humic acid-like compounds were efficiently removed by all AERs. Polystyrene AERs were more effective in bromide removal than polyacrylic AERs. This result implied that the properties of AERs, i.e. material and resin size, influenced not only DOM removal but also bromide removal efficiency, MIEX showed significant chlorinated DBP removal because it had the highest DOC removal within 30 rain, whereas polystyrene AERs efficiently removed brominated DBPs, especially brominated trihalomethane species. The results suggested that, depending on source water DOM and bromide concentration, selecting a suitable AER is a key factor in effective control of chlorinated and brominated DBPs in drinking water.     

海藻酸钠固定化包埋微生物处理有机微污染源水

以黄浦江水为处理源水 ,将筛选出的菌种用海藻酸钠为载体进行固定化包埋 ;对间歇式处理体系中菌体浓度 ,处理温度以及起始 TOC浓度对有机物降解效果的影响进行实验 .结果表明 ,菌体浓度为 1g/L～2g/L,处理温度为 20℃时 ,包埋颗粒性状保持较好 ,对源水中起始浓度在 10mg/L～15mg/L之间的 TOC具有20%～30%的降解率 ;温度升高 ,明显缩短颗粒使用寿命 ;而菌体浓度增加对处理效果没有增强作用 .另外 ,以菌 TD2和 TD4包埋颗粒为例 ,测试发现经 48h处理 ,其对源水中浓度为53.4μg/L酚具有 90%左右的降解率 .     

冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物的去除

以东北地区4个城市污水处理厂为研究对象,考察冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物(DOM)组分的去除效果,以及对DOM组分的光谱学特性和卤代活性的影响.利用XAD树脂将DOM分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,A/O法、曝气生物滤池、浮动填料法和A2/O法对DOM都具有较高的去除能力,其中曝气生物滤池对DOM的处理效果最好.经4种污水处理工艺处理后,5种组分的芳香性和三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)均升高.A2/O法对HPO-A和TPI-A的芳香性增强程度最高,而曝气生物滤池对HPO-N,TPI-N和HPI的芳香性增强程度最高.浮动填料法对HPO-A,TPI-A和HPI的STHMFP升高最显著,A2/O法对HPO-N的STHMFP增加最显著,曝气生物滤池对TPI-N的STHMFP升高最显著.4种污水处理工艺对HPI中荧光物质的去除率高于非荧光物质.而对于其他4种DOM组分来说,不同的污水处理工艺对不同荧光峰的改变不相同.