7A04铝合金复杂零件的超塑性成形工艺研究

用超塑性成形工艺对外侧表面带凸耳的空心圆锥体铝合金(7A04)零件进行了成形试验,通过分析和试验确定了合理的超塑成形工艺和模具结构。该零件须分两步进行超塑成形:先成形空心圆锥体,再成形凸耳;超塑性成形工艺制造该零件比原机加工工艺简单,节省材料超过60%。     

异种结构材料电偶腐蚀及防护技术的研究现状及发展方向

从包括阴阳极、电位、偶对间距在内的材料自身因素,以及包括含氧量、温度、流动状态在内的环境因素两个方面,综述了异种结构材料电偶腐蚀的主要影响因素。探讨了目前国内外针对异种结构材料电偶腐蚀预防措施的研究现状,对比了国内外针对设计制造阶段和服役使用阶段的不同电偶腐蚀预防措施,最后指出我国在电偶腐蚀预防方面,规范、标准和措施匮乏以及存在的其他问题,并为接下来电偶腐蚀及防护技术的发展方向提出了建议,指出需要进一步研究实际结构因素对异种材料电偶腐蚀的影响机理和规律,并提出典型耦接件的腐蚀防护技术途径。     

2214材料大型航空锻件等温锻模结构设计

根据2214铝合金的材料特性,大型航空锻件的外形尺寸构造,锻件的精度等级、冶金质量和等温成形工艺的特点,设计了应用等温成形工艺加工锻件的模具结构。通过模具型腔、飞边槽、导向、锁扣装置、测温、控温、保温、装夹方式、锻模选材、加热装置的设计与计算等,阐明了模具结构的特点。 应用该缎模,采用等温成形工艺,在液压机上成功的加工出等级高、冶金质量好的航空大型2214材料锻件。代表着该锻模的设计合理和计算精确。     

自行车D型中轴棍冷挤压工艺及模具

自行车D型中轴棍结构复杂,制造精度要求高。此文从材料选择、坯料制造、设备选型等方面阐述了D型中轴棍冷挤压成形工艺;对冷挤压模具结构及工作原理、凹模芯的设计及加工也做了详细介绍。     

聚酰亚胺基石墨膜材料研究进展

综述了聚酰亚胺基石墨膜材料的研究进展,简述了聚酰亚胺薄膜的分类、合成方法及其应用,详细介绍了聚酰亚胺制备石墨膜的方法,碳化和石墨化过程中涉及的分子结构和其形貌以及性能的变化过程。阐述了制备石墨膜过程中的机理,进而分析了影响聚酰亚胺基石墨膜性能的因素,主要包括了化学结构、烧结工艺以及复合薄膜中掺杂组分对结构和性能的影响。其后,通过近年来国内外的专利情况,分析了石墨膜材料的应用方向,总结并展望了未来聚酰亚胺基石墨膜材料的发展方向。     

两种铜合金复合板带室温轧制成形工艺及结合机制的研究

研究了黄铜 /紫铜 ,黄铜 /白铜复合板带室温轧制成形工艺 ,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针分析了复合工艺参数对轧制复合后的复合板结构强度的影响 ,确定了最佳复合工艺 ,并对结合机制进行了探讨     

聚合物材料在快速原型制造技术中的应用

介绍聚合物材料作为成形原料在主要的快速原型制造(RPM)工艺中的应用情况。具体按照立体印刷成形(SLA)、层合实体制造(LOM)、选域激光烧结(SLS)及熔融沉积造型(FDM)这4种工艺的不同,阐述与各工艺对应的聚合物材料的种类、聚合物材料成形过程中可能出现的问题及解决方案。总结了聚合物材料原型的应用情况和聚合物材料在RPM技术应用中存在的问题。     

航母舰载机用高强、高韧、耐蚀不锈钢

介绍了美国采用低成本、基于计算的材料设计技术,研制出既能取消有毒的防护涂覆工艺,又能作为结构载体用的Ferrium(R) S53高强、高韧耐蚀不锈钢.Ferrium(R) S53不锈钢可以"非正式地"替代通常用于制造航母舰载机结构部件的非不锈钢.美军在新的航母舰载机合金研制中借助QuesTek公司基于计算的材料设计工具,将显著地提升海军武器平台系统性能,改善系统安全性,减轻环境危害.     

摩托车油箱外壳体整体成形工艺及模具设计

分析了摩托车油箱外壳体采用聚氨酯凸模整体冲压成形的工艺过程和特点,介绍了聚氨酯凸模的变形特点,给出了相应的模具结构及设计要点,提出了该方案今后的发展思路。采用这种结构和设计方法,能简化模具制造工艺,优化产品工艺,提高材料利用率,降低模具成本。     

武器装备吸波材料及谐振型吸波体设计

从隐身技术的国内外研究动态入手,分析了当前电磁波吸波材料的研究现状和发展方向,对不同种类吸波材料的特性和用途进行了分析和比较。在国内外吸波球体的研究基础之上,对谐振型吸波球体的吸波原理和成形工艺进行了分析。     

A design for the additive manufacture of functionally graded porous structures with tailored mechanical properties for biomedical applications

CAD/CAM-based layered manufacturing and additive manufacturing techniques of metals have found applications in near-net-shape fabrication of complex shaped parts with tailored mechanical properties for several applications. Especially with the onset of newer processes such as electron beam melting (EBM) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), revolutionary advances may be achieved in material substitution in the medical implant industry. These processes must be suitably developed and tested for the production of medical grade substitutions. In this article, we discuss a design process for creating periodic cellular structures specifically targeted for biomedical applications. Electron beam melting is used to fabricate the parts. Evaluation of the mechanical properties is performed and compared with design parameters. Compression tests of the samples show effective stiffness values ranging from 0.57 (±0.05) to 2.92 (±0.17) GPa and compressive strength values of 7.28 (±0.93) to 163.02 (±11.98) MPa. Substituting these values for simulation of biomechanical performance of patient-specific implants illustrates the compatibility and matched functional performance characteristics of highly porous parts at a safety factor of 5 and an effective reduction in weight. These developments are unique for the construction of maxillofacial and craniofacial implants. The novel design strategy also lends itself very well to metal additive manufacturing technologies. Implants designed and fabricated with this design strategy and manufacturing process would have mechanical properties equivalent to the part they replace and restore better function and esthetics as against the currently used methods of reconstruction. Suitable examples of a titanium porous cranioplasty plate and a sandwich structure are illustrated.     

Failure analysis of hydroforming of sandwich panels

Sandwich panels are commonly used in various applications to improve the stiffness-to-weight ratio of structure components. While producing flat sandwich panel is relatively straightforward, manufacturing of shaped sandwich components can be a challenging task. This paper presents the use of hydroforming technique in forming bi-layered and sandwich materials with an open-cell foam core. Hydraulic bulge experiments were conducted to form bi-layered and sandwich blanks into a dome shape. Various failure modes were observed from the experiments. Finite element simulations were conducted to understand the different failure mechanisms that could occur during the deformation process. The investigation can facilitate the selection of geometry and property of the constituents of the sandwich material for successful hydroforming.     

磁粘弹性体及其微振动控制应用

先简要介绍新型智能材料、即磁粘弹性体的制备;再介绍磁粘弹性材料的力学性能实验,给出其拉伸、压缩及动力学试验结果,说明大小变形时的特性;最后介绍磁粘弹性材料在微振动控制方面的应用,通过可控复合结构的分析与计算,得到夹层梁与夹层板微振动的均方根速度谱指标,说明磁粘弹性复合结构的微振动控制效果。     

Experimental analysis of friction stir forming for dissimilar material joining application

Mass reduction of automotive body structures is a critical part of achieving reduced CO₂ emissions in the automotive industry. There has been significant work on the application of ultra high strength steels and aluminum alloys. However, the next paradigm is the integrated use of both materials, which poses a challenge of how to join the dissimilar materials. Friction stir forming is a new manufacturing process for joining dissimilar materials. The concept of this process is stir heating one material and forming it into a mechanical interlocking joint with the second material. In this research the process was experimentally analyzed in a position controlled robotic friction stir welding machine between aluminum and steel workpieces. New tool geometries were evaluated toward the goal of optimizing joint strength. The significant process parameters were identified and their optimized settings for the current experimental conditions defined using a design of experiments methodology. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the bonding and joint structure for single and multi-pin configurations. Two failure modes, aluminum sheet peeling and bonding delamination, i.e. braze fracture, were identified. It was found that the presence of zinc coating on the steel and overall joint geometry greatly affected the joint strength. The aluminum–zinc braze joint appears to be the largest contributor to joint strength for the single-pin joint configuration. The multi-pin geometry enabled a distribution of load to the four pins following fracture of the braze for increased joint toughness and ductility. Thus, the FSF method has been shown to exhibit potential for joining of aluminum to steel.     

低成本轻质复合蒙布在飞艇尾翼中的应用

目的研究一种低成本轻质复合蒙布设计,为中小型飞艇尾翼提供蒙皮材料。方法通过材料选型、连接设计、典型的复合蒙布性能测试。结果实现了该型蒙布在某大型飞艇尾翼中的应用,表现出了良好的力学性能、可靠性与维修性。结论结构质量与同等强度的气囊材料相比约轻30%。同时,该型复合蒙布还可用于飞艇框架结构的装饰,具有较高的使用价值。     

薄板深拉延成形有限元仿真

板材成形有限元仿真采用虚拟制造技术反映模具与板材之间的相互作用以及板材实际变形的全过程,有助于推动生产的快速化和设计的智能化。汽车企业通过对板材成形过程的有限元仿真可确定钢板性能参数范围和冲压工艺参数范围,以保证生产的稳定性。采用动力显式有限元软件LS-DYNA,对上海宝钢St14-T冷轧薄板的深拉延成形过程进行了仿真计算,分析了变形过程的金属流动规律。     

蜂窝夹层结构及其在直升机噪声控制上的应用

介绍了传统蜂窝夹层结构,它是由蜂窝芯材耦合面板/薄膜组合而成,具有优异的降噪特性。为进一步提升蜂窝夹层结构的降噪性能,结合多孔吸声原理及“吸/隔声结构功能一体化”概念,将多孔吸声材料填充至蜂窝芯中,形成了基于多孔吸声的蜂窝夹层结构,但中、低频降噪性能较差。结合微穿孔板、亥姆霍兹共振理论,开发了基于共振吸声的单自由度蜂窝夹层结构,由蜂窝芯材耦合穿孔面板/薄膜组合而成,提升了中、低频降噪特性,但是依旧存在降噪频带过窄的问题,只能在某段特定频率范围内表现出良好的降噪特性。为此,研发了基于共振吸声的多自由度蜂窝夹层结构,利用各层穿孔面板/薄膜和蜂窝结构特性,实现了不同频率噪声控制。最后总结了蜂窝夹层结构在国内外直升机被动噪声控制上的应用情况,展望了新型蜂窝夹层结构的发展趋势。     

垂尾方向舵悬挂点螺栓断裂分析及改进

目的 分析某型飞机在使用中其方向舵第4悬挂点连接螺栓出现不同程度断裂损伤的原因,并进行设计改进。方法 从宏观和微观2个方面研究螺栓的断口形貌和特征,对螺栓材料进行金相组织分析和力学性能测试,与同类型飞机相同位置螺栓的结构和功能进行对比分析。结果 螺栓断口边缘无明显的腐蚀和氧化特征,无有害的夹杂物和磷化物,硬度及拉伸强度符合材料力学性能要求。该型飞机方向舵第4悬挂点连接螺栓的结构较同类型飞机相同位置的螺栓结构应力集中更加明显,材料强度更低,存在设计缺陷。结论 连接螺栓断裂性质为疲劳断裂,螺栓受到异常的拉伸和弯曲循环载荷作用是导致其疲劳断裂的主要原因。基于裂纹原因及性能对比分析提出的设计改进方案,在螺栓选材、强度、刚度和耐久性等方面符合飞机结构设计规范,经验证,满足飞机装配技术要求,实践表明,能够确保飞机寿命期的安全使用。     

超高温陶瓷改性碳基/陶瓷基复合材料的多尺度构筑与性能研究进展

从复合材料的多尺度结构构筑出发,简述了超高温陶瓷改性碳基、陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法及其优缺点。综述了均质和非均质结构超高温陶瓷改性碳基、陶瓷基复合材料的结构设计、制备工艺、力学性能和烧蚀性能。提出设计开发低成本、短周期新工艺以及与现有工艺的有机结合以制备出更高综合性能要求的复合材料,是未来的主攻方向。从材料结构设计上,指出未来努力的重要方向。     

直齿轮成形数值模拟及实验研究

此文针对塑性挤压成形直齿轮时,齿端局部的充角比较困难的问题提出了两种解决方案:一是采取一定的工艺措施,尽量减少单纯为了局部充角而产生的塑性变形;二是制造多向流动的成形环境,使材料的多向流动改变局部充角时的应力状态。为了比较准确的掌握各工艺参数之间的关系,此文采用了上限元法(UBET)对直齿轮的挤压成形过程进行了正-反向模拟并且进行了优化计算。此文用工业纯铅对m=3,Z=18的直齿轮进行了实验。