生态工业技术的概念、特征及比较研究

基于工业生态学理论提出了生态工业技术的定义,即生态工业技术是指按照工业生态学和系统科学原理,把2个或多个生产过程或生产单元链接起来,形成结构和功能协调、资源和能源效率高、环境污染排放少、经济产出高效的工业共生体和复合型生态产业链网的方法和手段.在此基础上,从链接(或关联)性、资源效率、环境效应及经济效果等方面对生态工业技术的内涵和特征进行了剖析,比较分析了生态工业技术与传统工业技术之间在理论建构基础、创新目标、产业结构、资源代谢、环境绩效等方面的差异性.最后,选取"高炉渣生产水泥"典型生态工业技术进行了案例分析.      

Industrial ecosystems as technological niches

In this paper we consider industrial ecology as a novel and distinct state in the evolution of production systems trajectory. More specifically, adopting an evolutionary institutionalist's perspective at the socio-technical system level of analysis, we discuss the transition towards an industrial ecology-inspired industrial production system through the governance approach of strategic niche management (SNM). Towards this end, the paper first develops industrial ecology as a novel state of the industrial production socio-technical system paying particular attention at its technological component, then it discusses in detail the transition of this system through SNM, and examines whether existing implementations of the industrial ecology (industrial ecosystems and eco-industrial parks) are efforts embracing this philosophy and transition procedures. We conclude by stressing the importance of adopting the technology policy and strategic niche management perspectives in eco-industrial projects and we provide insights for accomplishing it in a more effective manner.     

沿海重化工业基地生态工业体系规划研究

基于实现区域可持续发展,提升区域循环经济水平的目标,以某沿海港口经济区为案例,阐述了循环经济生态工业体系规划与构建的程序和方法.在沿海重化工业的环境影响、国家政策及资源制约的基础上,分析了产业准入的条件.对符合准入条件的产业进行了产业共生体系的优化设计,提出了生态工业体系发展的规划框架.最后通过对该港口经济区进行资源环境压力与承载力的合规性分析,从总量上控制产业规模,调控优化产业布局和类型,并提出预防及减轻不良环境影响的措施,从而规划设计出该港口经济区的生态产业体系.      

Techno policy aspects and socio-economic impacts of eco-industrial networking in the fishery sector: experiences from An Giang Province,Vietnam

Eco-industrial networking is considered as a new approach for businesses to improve their competitiveness, economic viability and human and ecosystem health. A cyclic material flow with alternative usage of all materials in the loop is an essential feature of an eco-industrial network. While eco-industrial networking has been primarily applied on the high-tech sector, this paper attempts to apply the principles on the fishery sector of An Giang, a Vietnamese province in the Mekong River Delta. An Giang Province has its own market share in the trade of Tra and Basa fish. The industries in the value chain of Tra and Basa are in a situation that forces them to improve their competitiveness to retain the market share. It was found that forming an eco-industrial network and recruiting new businesses to utilize all materials in the process provides additional revenue apart from reducing waste disposal concerns. This paper details the current market situation, the issues faced and material flow patterns and presents a feasible eco-industrial network. The results of the study indicate that the eco-industrial network creates positive impacts in terms of increased competitiveness, improved socio-economic conditions and cleaner environment.     

祁东经济开发区生态工业园建设探讨

生态工业园是最具环保意义和绿色概念的工业园区,是我国继经济技术开发区、高新技术开发区之后第三代工业园区的主要发展形式。基于祁东经济开发区的实际情况,概述了其构建生态工业园的背景,并对其建设生态工业园的优势条件和模式进行了分析与探讨,同时提出了相应的环境管理对策,以利于经济开发区的可持续发展。     

循环经济理论思索

循环经济是对近现代人类社会长期、大规模、高强度、未善待大自然的开发活动导致自然资源和生态环境逼近其耐受极限而进行反思的产物.从经济-社会-科技-自然多元复合人工自组织系统角度,研究了循环经济的科学内涵,指出循环经济是建立在组织结构协同基础上的物质循环与能量梯级利用,是集约经济的高级形态和理想模式.针对循环经济包含的若干属性特征,论述了5个基本理论问题,包括守恒与平衡、循环与协调、互动整合与倍增效应、聚集经济与产业集群、生态学基本原理应用和生态系统服务.并就生态工业系统规划设计涉及的基本方法、关键环节、人力投入等给出了政策建议.      

灰色关联分析在生态工业园清洁生产推进中的应用

清洁生产是生态工业园建设的前提,在现有改造型生态工业园的建设中必须逐步推进,并全面实行清洁生产。应用灰色关联分析方法对拟建生态工业园现有企业进行清洁生产评价,通过建立评价指标体系和评价标准,利用关联度和关联系数分别确定园区推行清洁生产的近期、中期、远期方案和找出制约企业提高清洁生产程度存在的问题。以龙门工业园焦化企业为例,研究结果表明,企业9和企业4的关联度>0.8,为园区优先推行清洁生产的试点企业,是园区清洁生产推进中的近期方案,分类指出园区下一步推行清洁生产的重点企业,为园区的中、远期方案。该方法原理简单,结果可靠,是一种有实用价值、适合于指导园区清洁生产推进的评价方法。     

Industrial symbiosis and the policy instruments of sustainable consumption and production

Industrial symbioses (ISs) and eco-industrial parks (EIPs) are key concepts of industrial ecology (IE). The aim of ISs and EIPs is to minimise inefficient material and energy use by utilising local by-product and energy flows. Industrial symbioses tend to develop through spontaneous action of economic actors, for gaining of economic benefit, but these systems can be designed and promoted via policy instruments as well. A literature review showed that national programmes for eco-industrial parks can be found in different parts of the world. In the action programmes and other sustainable consumption and production (SCP) policy documents of the EU, on the other hand, industrial symbioses gain less recognition as a path to enhanced sustainable production. In this article, we consider this and also analyse how the evolution and environmental performance of an industrial symbiosis system centred on a Finnish pulp and paper mill have been affected by SCP policy instruments. With regard to the system forming the subject of the case study, and Finnish industrial systems in general, policy instruments have succeeded in reducing emissions but not in systematically encouraging operators toward symbiosis-like activities. All in all, few studies exist on the overall impact of policy instruments promoting design of eco-industrial parks. It is not self-evident that symbiosis-like production systems would be sustainable in every case, as the background assumptions for political promotion of EIPs suggest. We concluded that industrial symbioses should be analysed and developed on a life cycle basis, with documentation of the real environmental benefits due to efficient resource use and decreased emissions in comparison to standalone production. ISs can then bring eco-competitiveness to companies in relation to SCP tools, such as environmental permits, ecolabels, and future product regulation based on the Ecodesign Directive in Europe. Indirect encouragement of symbiosis through land-use regulation and planning, in such a way that material fluxes between companies are possible both in operations and in financial terms, may prove effective. The same holds for waste policies that encourage increased reuse of a company’s waste by other enterprises.     

关于钢铁企业建设生态工业园的思考与建议

生态工业园是一种新型工业组织形态,是根据循环经济理论和工业生态学原理建立的一种与生态环境和谐共存的新型工业园区。论述了钢铁企业在搞好企业内部循环经济的基础上,向生态工业园发展的必要性;提出建设以钢铁企业为核心的生态工业园的三种模式;并对钢铁企业如何适时有效地发展生态工业园提出建议。     

工业生态学理论在生态钢铁工业发展中的应用

根据生态工业理论和原则,指出了生态钢铁工业的基本内涵是资源、能源利用方式的转变,提出了生态钢铁工业发展的核心内容是物质、能量、水、技术、信息五大集成系统的构建。同时建立了生态钢铁工业产业链和社会功能链。济钢生态钢铁工业的实例说明,钢铁工业生态化发展是实现钢铁工业可持续发展的有效途径。     

基于流域协同的国土空间雨洪安全格局构建方法

近年来愈发频繁的洪涝灾害暴露出城市建设与雨洪安全之间的矛盾已不容忽视,以防洪基础设施为核心的防灾规划和以各类景观生态基础设施为核心的海绵城市规划,需要内涵和方法的转变。以“多规协同”为理论基础,提出在国土空间规划背景下,雨洪安全格局构建的核心内涵应该是“协同关系”的构建,即不同规划要素之间不仅在空间布局上协调无冲突,更重要的是能够导向同一的目标与结果。基于该内涵,提出了国土空间雨洪安全格局构建方法的理论框架,应以雨洪安全要素的识别为前提,通过强制性约束措施和引导性联动措施构建雨洪安全要素与国土空间结构、资源用途和支撑系统的协同关系,最终实现不同空间尺度上雨洪安全目标的落实与格局的形成。为更好地诠释该理论框架,以江西省万载县城关镇镇域国土空间规划为案例,探索并检验该理论框架在实践中的可操作性及应用价值,以期为落实国土空间雨洪安全格局的目标提供新的思路和理论依据。     

北九州生态园对我国静脉产业园建设的启示

北九州生态园是日本国第一个、也是最典型的静脉产业园．其成功经验可为我国开展同类园区建设提供有效的借鉴。结合北九州生态园的物质流分析结果,分析了影响园区建设的主要因素,并为我国静脉产业因的发展提出建议。     

The dynamics of industrial symbiosis: a proposal for a conceptual framework based upon a comprehensive literature review

There is increasing evidence that throughout the world, firms, governmental agencies and NGOs are seeking to stimulate industrial symbiosis. This concept and its application have also been the topic of extensive research. Up till now, this work lacks a more comprehensive theoretical framework, and this paper fills this gap. We provide a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamics through which regional industrial systems change their connectiveness in an attempt to reduce their ecological impact. We position our framework within the field of industrial symbiosis based on a comprehensive literature search in the ISI Web of Science database for publications that listed ‘industrial symbiosis’, ‘eco-industrial park’, or a combination of ‘industrial-ecology’ and ‘regional’ as a topic.The framework conceptualizes industrial symbiosis as a process at two levels: (1) the level of the regional industrial system (RIS), and (2) the societal level where the concept and routines of industrial symbiosis diffuse. We link the dynamics at these levels to changes in ecological impact and increase in institutional capacity. We conclude with a research agenda based on the variables and their basic relationships specified in our framework. The main line of research we propose is to systematically investigate how institutional capacity evolves over time in regional industrial systems and how it affects the ecological impact of such systems. We also propose to investigate how insights from existing literature about stimulating and impeding factors to industrial symbiosis can be understood in terms of mechanisms of transmission and how these mechanisms interact to create nationally distinct patterns of diffusion of industrial symbiosis.     

生态工业园区评价指标体系的建立与应用

系统论述了生态工业评价指标体系的建立与应用方法，分析了指标体系框建立原则及设计，同时以辽宁西洋特肥厂为例系统分析了指标体系的应用与评价技术。本文对生态工业园区和循环经济园区规划具有现实指导意义，但由于工业体系复杂性和差异性，在应用时可根据实际情况适当调整。     

我国环境政策中生态工业园内涵误区的分析

作为一种新的工业可持续发展方式,生态工业园已经在世界范围内得到广泛应用。在我国,随着近几年生态工业园建设的蓬勃开展,出现了一些认识和实践中的误区,这些误区可能会影响我国循环经济下一步实践的顺利开展。文章以生态工业园概念的内涵为主线,通过系统梳理和分析相关的国内外文献和我国的法规政策,首先总结了生态工业园的广义和狭义内涵,提炼了工业共生的目标要素、主体要素和行为要素;其次分析了工业共生与循环经济、清洁生产之间的相互关系;在此基础上,提出了目前生态工业园实践中出现的"循环经济式、污染控制式、产业发展式"三种内涵误区,并进一步剖析了我国政策制定过程中的两个深层问题,即生态工业园实践内容的简单组合化和生态工业园目标与内容的脱节。     

基于CCR模型的工业园区企业环境绩效管理系统

以数据包络分析法(DEA)的CCR绩效评价模型为内核,绩效评价函数与环境调控函数为工具,建立了工业园企业环境绩效管理系统,并利用该系统对南通农药工业园企业环境绩效管理进行了实证研究.利用绩效评价函数对园区20家同类型企业进行评价的结果显示,其中7家企业达到环境相对高效;根据环境调控函数计算结果,各企业环境绩效调控总量与绩效评价排序高度相关.实证研究结果表明,该环境绩效管理系统可为园区企业环境调控提出定量化的调整建议,为园区发展循环经济、建设生态型工业园提供有效的管理工具.     

The conceptual model of an eco-industrial park based upon ecological relationships

The necessity to follow the rules of sustainable development in the everyday industrial practice has led to the formulation of the concept of an industrial ecosystem mimicking the natural ecosystem. Following this analogy, the conceptual model of an eco-industrial park, which is an organised form of the industrial ecosystem, was presented in this paper. The model comprises of (1) the structure of the ecosystem, (2) the classification of the enterprises as producers, consumers and decomposers, (3) mass and energy flows and (4) types of interactions. The classification of the enterprises introduced here as well as the analysis of mass and energy flows indicates that the diversity of the enterprises in eco-industrial parks is desired. Furthermore, the minimal condition to create the symbiotic relationships between the enterprises is established, claiming that at least one industrial producer or decomposer must be involved in the eco-industrial park. The application of this model will facilitate the design and development of eco-industrial parks and enable the identification of symbiotic relationships between the entities of such a park and other types of industrial ecosystems. In order to show the applicability of the proposed model and its potential for the practical implementation two case studies are presented.     

粤港澳大湾区生态网络构建及廊道优化

以粤港澳大湾区为研究对象,利用MSPA-InVEST模型和连通性评价识别生态源地,进而在构建生态阻力面基础上,运用MCR和重力模型提取潜在生态廊道,并利用产业集聚特征构建规划廊道,提出兼具生态保护和经济发展的生态网络构建方案.结果表明:生态源地共35处,总面积约17165.85km²;基础生态廊道42条,长度2085.34km;源地及廊道存在明显空间分布差异,呈现出"中心空洞型"分布特征;通过增加12个生态-产业战略节点和28条规划廊道,生态网络闭合度、连接度和连通率可提升150%、26.83%和28.57%,生态网络结构向"蜂巢状"转变;结合河流及海岸等天然廊道构建的综合生态网络连接了大湾区288个生态保护区,构成了山体、水体、湿地综合生态保护格局.总体来看,兼顾生态保护和经济发展视角构建的生态网络体系具有一定的适应性,可为粤港澳大湾区生态格局的建设和优化提供参考.     

Towards eco-agro industrial clusters in aquatic production: the case of shrimp processing industry in Vietnam

The concept of industrial ecology has been applied in this research to study possibilities to develop an eco-industrial cluster model for fishery production industry in Vietnam. By learning from experiments of other developed countries, we apply the principles of Industrial Ecology and of Ecological Modernization in the context of Vietnam. We design a physical-technological conceptual model for minimizing waste in agro-industries, with a case study of frozen shrimp production. The results indicate that it is possible and feasible to develop an eco-industrial cluster including aquaculture, fishery processing companies, by-product plants, and wastewater treatment units. By doing so, aquaculture and industry can cooperate for environmentally sound development. Actors and institutions that may govern the proposed eco-industrial cluster of shrimp processing industry are also analysed in this paper. The economic feasibility of the designed eco-agro industrial cluster for fish production in Vietnam depends on the energy savings and effective revenues gained from selling the produced valuable materials, such as Chitosan and animal feed.