共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 744 毫秒
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基于面板EKC(Environmental Kuznets Curve)模型实证分析了我国及其东中西部地区1996—2013年危险废物产生量与经济发展的关系,并研究了我国资源化利用水平和无害化处理水平对危险废物产生量与经济发展的关系的影响。结果表明:我国危险废物产生量与经济发展呈现"倒N型",东西部地区呈"N型",中部地区呈"倒N型",总体上我国危险废物产生量随着经济的增长呈现先下降后增长再下降的趋势,但也存在区域差异性,我国东西部地区呈现增长的趋势;我国危险废物综合利用水平对危险废物的减量化具有较大的影响,危险废物资源化利用水平呈现东中西部地区依次递减,而危险废物处置水平对危险废物减量化影响较小。基于上述结论,提出我国危险废物减量化、资源化、无害化的政策与建议。 相似文献
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城市固体废物的处置和管理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对城市固体废物的处置,应做到减量化、无害化、资源化并避免二次污染;对其管理则应健全法规,加大监管和处理费用征收的,适时开放固体废物处理市场。 相似文献
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苏州市生活垃圾处理碳足迹核查 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
根据《PAS2050规范》的指导,结合生命周期评价技术方法和LandGEM模型,对苏州市生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理的生命周期过程进行了碳足迹核查. 详细列出了垃圾处理过程中可能的温室气体排放源,计算各排放源的电耗或能耗,并通过与温室气体排放系数相乘最终转化为苏州市生活垃圾处理温室气体排放量. 结果表明:苏州市填埋处理1 t生活垃圾整个生命周期过程中温室气体的排放量(以CO2当量计)为1 942.47 kg,焚烧处理为-180.87 kg. 按照目前苏州市生活垃圾处理权重进行分配,可得苏州市处理1 t生活垃圾整个生命周期过程中温室气体的排放量(以CO2当量计)为880.80 kg. 在整个核查过程中,考虑了在填埋和焚烧处理时发电对温室气体带来的减量效应. 相似文献
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《Environmental Science & Policy》2002,5(3):247-253
The life cycle of basic food items was studied in order to discover the reasons for low landfill diversion rates of this material. Management failures at key points of the cycle were identified. Subjects of study were commercialization procedures of fruit and vegetables before consumption, consumption proper and after-consumption disposal procedures for food scraps in the Brazilian context. Before consumption, the rate of lost fruit and vegetables stood at 16 wt.% of the total quantity commercialized. During consumption by residents, the waste rate of food amounted to 9 wt.% of all collected household garbage. In the after-consumption sector of the cycle, biodegradables represented 72 wt.% of all household garbage collected by official means in a typical Brazilian town. The numbers produced clearly identified landfill diversion of biodegradables as a management problem. The authors experimented with original proactive administrative procedures designed to set landfill diversion targets. The occurrence of wasted fruit and vegetables at the wholesaler and retailer levels was identified. Remedies were proposed and tested to reduce this waste by at least 50%. In the after-consumption sector, the notion of divided garbage collection was developed and applied to test communities. It was shown that biodegradables may be collected separately from the rest of household waste. This resulted in a diversion potential of 100% for biodegradables alone and 77 wt.% for all collected household waste. The study produced a formal policy proposal to municipal administrations to avoid the need for tipping of biodegradable material. 相似文献
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依据鞍山市工业固体废物包括普通工业固体废物和危险废物的产生及处置现状,分析其目前存在的主要环境问题及潜在危害,并根据鞍山市实际情况,提出了工业固体废物减量化、资源化、无害化的主要途径及污染防治管理对策. 相似文献
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太湖流域分散农村居民对生活垃圾的产生和处理认知分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文通过问卷调查的方式考察了太湖流域分散农村居民对政府免费实施"村收集、乡转运、县处理"的收集清运垃圾模式和未来生活垃圾处置收费的认可度,获得了太湖地区分散农村居民对生活垃圾处置现状的认知度,结果表明:农村居民对生活垃圾收费制度的认可程度低,对有害垃圾的处置缺乏必要的认识;被调查者受教育程度与垃圾分类(P0.01)、危险废物分离(P0.01)和垃圾危害的认知程度(P0.05)呈显著正相关关系;垃圾付费选项中,被调查者不愿意支付费用的占53.2%,仅有26.2%的被调查者愿意支出1~3元/月;对现有的政府免费收集清运垃圾模式认可程度高达94%以上。该研究结果对促进太湖流域农村生活垃圾的资源化与减量化管理具有重要的战略意义。 相似文献
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This article proposes to analyze the quantitative effects of a gradual physical and “social” exhaustion of a landfill site on an equilibrium waste management service. A gradual social exhaustion of a landfill is defined here as an upward shift of a “subjective factor” associated with the amount of waste, based on the plausible hypothesis that an individual will not accept excessive presence of landfilled waste. Physical exhaustion occurs when the absolute capacity of a landfill site decreases. The paper shows some numerical examples using specific functions and parameters, and proposes appropriate directions for three policy objectives: to decrease the equilibrium waste disposal, to increase the economic surplus of the individual and/or the waste management firm, and to lower the equilibrium collection fee. 相似文献
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This article proposes to analyze the quantitative effects of a gradual physical and "social" exhaustion of a landfill site on an equilibrium waste management service. A gradual social exhaustion of a landfill is defined here as an upward shift of a "subjective factor" associated with the amount of waste, based on the plausible hypothesis that an individual will not accept excessive presence of landfilled waste. Physical exhaustion occurs when the absolute capacity of a landfill site decreases. The paper shows some numerical examples using specific functions and parameters, and proposes appropriate directions for three policy objectives: to decrease the equilibrium waste disposal, to increase the economic surplus of the individual and/or the waste management firm, and to lower the equilibrium collection fee. 相似文献
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山东省环境库兹涅茨曲线的检验与分析 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
环境库兹涅茨曲线假设反映的是经济增长与环境质量之间呈现倒U型的曲线关系.在对二次函数、三次函数以及对数函数等3种模型比较分析的基础上,考察了山东省的环境库兹涅茨曲线假设.结果表明:二氧化硫排放量和烟尘排放量比较符合倒U型环境库兹涅茨曲线,转折点分别为人均GDP 5 029和1 881元,发生的年代分别为1994—1995年和1990—1991年;工业废水排放量和工业固体废物产生量仍处于上升阶段,曲线的转折点还未达到.政策分析表明,建立官员环境保护考核机制,不仅与环境保护投资的增加存在时间上的一致性,而且在污染物排放防治上起到了明显的作用. 相似文献
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对全国抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间的医疗废物收集与管理现状进行分析,总结其存在的问题主要包括收集设施缺乏环境生物安全控制标准、基层人员对医疗废物管理不规范、医疗废物应急管理体系不完善等问题.为补齐防范重大公共事件中环境生物风险控制的短板,在现有收集技术、管理趋势的基础上进行分析,提出以下建议:①鼓励研究多种可广泛应用于一般生活垃圾、一般医疗垃圾以及高传染医疗废物,并对人类和生态环境无害的分类收集设施,可将生物安全控制技术融合至废物分类设施.②医疗废物合理规范管理是城市、乡村环境管理中的重点,但对于民用防疫废物的收集和处置方面仍有漏洞,应尽快制订新型冠状病毒类传染病重大公共事件的民用医疗废物管理应急标准.③为了对医废管理流程进行实时监管,可参考“工业互联网”“智慧环保”和“互联网+”,与“5G”技术结合构建“数据闭环-及时监管”数据库来提升收集与管理效率. 相似文献
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固体废物焚烧处置及其清洁发展机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
包含化石碳(如塑料等)在内的废物焚烧处置和露天燃烧是废物部门中最重要的CO2排放来源之一. 在全国节能减排大背景下,废物焚烧发电成为温室气体减排的有效途径. 对我国固体废物焚烧处置现状及趋势进行了分析,同时研究了国内城市固体废物和危险废物焚烧的区域特征. 结果表明:随着经济发展和废物产生量的急剧增长,废物焚烧处置技术必将成为我国未来固体废物处置的主要方式;伴随着废物焚烧行业的发展,有大量项目可以注册CDM (清洁发展机制)项目,可为温室气体减排做出较大的贡献. 相似文献
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M. Sundaravadivel S. Vigneswaran J. A. Doeleman 《Environmental Engineering and Policy》2000,2(2):91-104
The public health and environmental pollution problems due to inadequate treatment and inappropriate disposal of liquid and solid wastes generated in small and medium towns (referred to as semi-urban areas) of India receive insufficient attention. A field study of four towns in the State of Tamil Nadu was conducted to evaluate the current waste management practices in such semi-urban areas (SUAs). The study reveals that financial barriers for waste management arise due to a combination of policy and technological constraints. Based on the results of a preliminary waste characterization study and other observations made during the field study, reed bed channels and a semi-mechanized aerobic windrow composting process for the treatment of wastewater and municipal solid wastes, respectively, are recommended as appropriate technological options. The recommended technologies utilize existing arrangements for waste disposal, and aid an integrated resource recovery and reuse strategy that takes advantage of the geographic location and socioeconomic characteristics of SUAs to achieve lower waste management costs. Financial viability of the recommended technological approach is demonstrated through a comparative evaluation of competing treatment systems, and an estimation of costs and recoverable benefits resulting from waste reuse. 相似文献
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文章在综述国内外学者对环境库兹涅茨曲线研究的基础上,选取河南省1997年-2011年的经济与环境数据,建立了计量模型,分析了经济增长与多个环境指标之间的关系。实证研究表明,河南省经济增长与环境状况之间尚未呈倒“U”曲线特征,工业“三废”处于倒“U”型的上升阶段,工业COD和工业SO2分别呈现倒“N”型和“N”型的波浪形状。河南省总体环境压力依然较大,对河南省环境保护工作提出了政策建议。 相似文献
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自2003年的“非典”疫情以来,我国医疗废物处置从单一简易焚烧转变为多种形式的统筹应用,医疗废物应急处置在管理和技术方面均取得了显著进展.新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19,简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情期间,尽管面临更为复杂的医疗废物风险防控形势,但在医疗废物集中处置设施、危险废物焚烧设施、生活垃圾焚烧设施、水泥窑设施、移动式医疗废物处置设施、医疗机构自备处置设施等不同类型处置设施的共同作用下,我国仍然实现了全部医疗废物的安全处置.然而,新冠肺炎疫情暴发初期较为被动的医疗废物应急处置响应方式暴露出我国医疗废物应急处置能力较为薄弱的现状,存在顶层设计缺乏、应急储备不足、技术支撑欠缺等突出问题.借鉴国内外相关经验,针对存在的问题,提出建立医疗废物应急处置体系的建议:①充分衔接突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系,开展医疗废物应急处置制度设计;②科学制定并实施医疗废物处置设施建设规划,统筹考虑应急处置能力配置;③评估新冠肺炎疫情期间医疗废物应急处置形式,总结合理技术路线;④推进应急物资储备、处置队伍和专家队伍建设等能力建设,提升应急响应速度. 相似文献
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