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1.
Yu Gang Zhang Qing Huang Jun Cai Zhenxiao Sui Qian 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(1):13-17
As a party of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, China must submit its national implementation plan
(NIP) for this convention. The strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important
components of the NIP. Three problems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan—what are the key sources
for applying the best available technology/best environmental practice (BAT/BEP) to reduce the release of dioxins? How about
the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources? Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP?
This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these problems. The list of key sources covering about half of the total
dioxins release was determined considering four criteria. The capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference
between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all
key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins release. The priority analysis using the geographical information
system (GIS) tool has revealed that castern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins
release in China. 相似文献
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In this paper an integrated methodological approach is presented for the evaluation of the implementation of the Best Available Techniques (BAT) in facilities operated under Integrated Prevention Pollution and Control (IPPC) Directive, based on the development and application of a set of sub-indices. An aggregated form of sub-indices that could be used as a composite IPPC facility index is proposed. A sector specific index can be derived from facilities composite indices.This approach uses environmental performance data from European Polluting Emissions Register (EPER) reports, environmental permits and BAT Reference Documents, and gives a coherent and interesting picture of the degree of BAT implementation and an indication of IPPC obligations fulfilment.A specific application is demonstrated concerning the paper manufacturing sector in Greece. It is concluded for this sector that there is a measurable discrepancy from the BAT fulfilment obligations and that the most problematic sub-indices are the “Releases to Water” and “Releases to Air”. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2000,8(1):11-21
Best Available Techniques (BAT) are an essential reference element in the establishment of permit conditions for industrial installations in the European Union and elsewhere. BAT are the techniques with the lowest impact on the environment without compromising the economic health of the (industrial) enterprises concerned. BAT can be selected at the plant level but in many European regions, including the Flanders region of Belgium, BAT need to be determined at the sector level. BAT evaluation is usually done by expert judgement. Here, a methodology is described that allows expert judgement in a straightforward and transparent way. Central to this methodology are scores given on technical feasibility, on cross media environmental performances and on economic feasibility. The practicality of this approach was shown in 10 BAT studies of which 2 are discussed in more detail here. 相似文献
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我国典型非木浆造纸二噁英排放研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
根据《中国履行〈关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约〉国家实施计划》,制浆造纸行业是我国开展二英履约减排的六大重点行业之一,需要在规定的时间内达到减排要求.非木浆在我国原生纸浆生产和消费中一直占有重要比例,其生产过程中广泛使用的元素氯漂白工艺被认为是造成制浆造纸行业二噁英产生的重要来源.非木纤维制浆将在我国长期存在,摸清该领域二噁英排放情况,对于我国履约和实施二噁英的减排措施有重要意义.通过对竹子、麦草、芦苇和蔗渣这4种非木纤维的典型制浆企业的漂白全过程开展二噁英排放情况的检测,并结合各企业的浆水平衡数据,得到我国应用氯化碱处理次氯酸盐(CEH)三段漂白典型工艺的草浆、苇浆、竹浆及蔗渣浆生产的外排水所含二噁英的浓度(以I-TEQ计,下同)分别为:41.8、72.7、7.46和19.7 pg.L-1,尽管都在国家规定的新排放标准附近(30 pg.L-1),但随着我国对制浆造纸行业吨耗水要求的日益严格和以上新标准的实施,相关浓度很容易超标.为了实现国内、国际环境管理的要求,认为我国有必要尽快推动该行业研究并应用二噁英减排的最佳可行技术和最佳环境实践(best available techniques/best environmental practices,BAT/BEP).同时,结合监测数据,还初步估算了非木浆元素氯漂白相关的二噁英排放因子,可为联合国环境署补充相关因子提供有意义的参考. 相似文献
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This article evaluates the impacts of integrated environmental permits on the environmental performance of Finnish pulp and paper industry. It assesses the performance of the Finnish pulp and paper mills in relation to the EU best available techniques (BAT) associated emission levels and compares the emission limit values and product specific emissions of the mills with non-integrated permits to those of the mills with new integrated permits. A set of practical indicators for the assessment of BAT, local conditions and transboundary effects is presented and discussed. Moreover, the paper highlights some significant cross-media aspects in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. 相似文献
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Harald Schoenberger 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(16):1526-1529
With respect to emissions from industry, the IPPC Directive is one of the key instruments of the environmental legislation of the European Union. The purpose of this Directive is to achieve integrated pollution prevention and control from large industrial installations. The conditions of required permits have to be based on Best Available Techniques (BAT). In 1997, the so-called Sevilla Process was established to develop these BAT. Since then, 33 Best Available Techniques REFerence Documents (BREFs) were drafted, adopted and published. This Sevilla Process with its actors is described. The BREFs are unique documents containing ambitious consumption and emission levels which cannot be found anywhere else. 相似文献
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医疗废物处置行业是我国确定的优先控制的无意产生POPs重点行业之一。该行业以二噁英减排为目的开展最佳可行技术的研究及示范推广是《履行<关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约>国家实施计划》确定的任务之一。本文详细对江西南昌和湖南益阳医疗废物集中处置设施二噁英控制最佳可行技术示范改造的主要技术内容进行了分析,提出未来一段时间医疗废物集中处置设施污染控制管理趋势,以及技术升级改造的主要方向和技术重点。 相似文献
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采用模糊综合评价法与层次分析法或专家判定法相结合,对我国燃煤电厂非常规污染物大气汞控制技术进行了综合评估,以筛选出最佳控制技术.建立了环境、经济和技术为一级指标的三层指标体系,共22个评价指标;初步筛选出洗选煤+烟气净化协同脱除技术、烟气净化协同脱除技术、烟气净化协同脱除技术+活性炭吸附技术等七项技术及技术组合并对其开展评估.结果表明:强调环境因素的层次分析法综合评估结果表明,超低排放协同脱除技术+活性炭吸附技术得分最高(0.797 0),为最佳控制技术.而专家判定法与强调经济因素的层次分析法的综合评估结果一致,洗选煤+烟气净化协同脱除技术最具经济优势,是专家认可的最佳可用技术(BAT)和最佳环境实践(BEP).研究显示,我国现阶段可采用洗选煤+超低排放协同脱除技术对燃煤电厂的大气汞污染进行控制,但为达到发达国家的严格排放标准,必须采用超低排放协同脱除技术+活性炭吸附技术. 相似文献
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Sanda Midžić-Kurtagić Irem Silajdžić Tarik Kupusović 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(15):1535-1544
The objective of this paper is to discuss the mapping methodology implemented in the selection of BAT candidates and to present the results of the mapping of B&H food and beverage sector, prepared as a baseline for the development of national reference documents on Best Available Techniques. The subsectors subject to analysis were: dairy, fish farming, fish processing, fruit and vegetable processing, meat processing, breweries, and slaughterhouses.The sector was mapped from several aspects, including socio-economic, legal, and environmental point of view. The socio-economic aspect focused on understanding the sector’s structure and financial capabilities, pricing for water, energy, and solid waste consumption, as well as employee profiles, in order to better assess the sustainability of decisions taken. Legal mapping focused on relevant regulations, including policies from the following sectors: environment, water use and protection, food safety, agriculture, and veterinary, in order to determine legal requirements from an environmental protection aspect set in the various sector policies. Environmental performance indicators were calculated in order to assess present resource efficiencies and relevant environmental impacts. In addition, the mapping process also addressed the existing level of BAT implementation in the subsectors under consideration.The paper presents a rationale for methodology selection, offers a review of the mapping methodology used, discusses mapping results and provides conclusions in regards to that methodology used and discusses issues that need to be considered in the selection of BAT candidates. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2008,16(5):622-631
The tannery industry, as one of most important industrial activities, faced more dilemmas at the fall of communistic era:
- -Can the branch keep a leading position for the exported products at the national level, under a de-centralized system?
- -Can the industry comply with the new, more stringent environmental legislation?
- -How far is this industrial branch from the European BAT/BATNEC?
14.
《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(1):86-93
Italy is an important producer of ceramic tiles, with a high production share in Europe (50%) and worldwide (16%). Since early 1990s, fabric filters have been installed to reduce emissions of dust, lead, fluorine, etc. from firing kilns. Such end-of-pipe technologies can increase energy consumption and production costs. This paper presents a simplified LCA to assess the overall environmental effects of fabric filters in Italian ceramic tiles production. We also calculate the eco-efficiency of such filters, the additional cost per unit reduction of emissions. The results indicate that the environmental drawbacks of the filter are small and that, in comparison to existing eco-efficiency reference values, this air pollution abatement technique can be seen as an eco-efficient technique. These results can be useful in the identification of best available techniques (BAT), which is required under environmental regulations such as EC directive 96/61 (IPPC directive). 相似文献
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The Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC 2008/1/EC) directive emphasises the use of a permit system to protect the environment as a whole from unwanted emissions in the specified industrial activities. The directive advocates the implementation of Best Available Techniques (BAT). Today, it is essential to select appropriate techniques, especially when an operating company is functioning in an environmentally sensitive area. On these grounds, companies encounter challenges to fulfill the IPPC guidelines as well as to qualify techniques for a specific purpose. The situation is challenging when applying new techniques or in the case of where a technique is considered new. However, technique qualification provides the evidence that BATs function within specific limits for an intended use whilst delivering an acceptable level of confidence. This paper explains how the concept of the Best Qualified Techniques (BQTs) is implemented using BAT approach. It also discusses a framework for broadening the BAT concept to include BQTs, drawing upon case studies of the offshore oil and gas industry. 相似文献
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污染防治最佳可行技术(BAT)是污染综合防治与控制工作中的一个重要组成部分,对实现污染减排目标以及从整体上实现高水平的环境保护具有重要作用。介绍了BAT在污染物排放限值制定中的应用,以及国内外选择和确立BAT的程序及方法。由于基于技术的选择涉及多方面因素,在技术评估过程中尚有许多问题有待解决。针对BAT技术评估过程中技术的最佳组合难以确定,以及经济可行性难以量化这两方面问题,介绍了国内外学者的相关研究。 相似文献
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Harald Schoenberger 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(9-10):1057-1065
The IPPC Directive requires permits which must contain emission limit values and other conditions based on BAT. The BAT are characterised and the terms ‘conditional BAT’ and ‘beyond BAT’ are defined and explained. The borderline between BAT and beyond BAT is explained by means of an outstanding example which is the lignite coke moving bed adsorber for the abatement of the waste gas from a cement plant where waste for co-incineration is fed to a considerable extent is described in detail. Worldwide, this technique has been successfully applied at one cement plant for sixteen years. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2000,8(2):143-154
This study was carried out in major Finnish textile companies in order to create an environmental impact profile for wet processing in Finland as a part of drafting the Best Available Technique (BAT) Reference documents for the European IPPC Bureau. System boundaries were defined for alternative process technologies to be used in BAT definitions. The use of resources and process emissions is, however, monitored for the whole wet processing only in the companies under study. No remarkable differences in energy and water consumption between continuous and batch wet processing could be measured; the lowest dyeing liquor ratios were reported on jet machines and the highest on winch dyeing machines. Dyestuff consumption depends on the colour shade required; some dyes have, however, low fixation rates, such as reactive and sulphur dyes, only 60% on average. About 20% of the process liquor containing unfixed dyestuffs and auxiliaries end up in sewage treatment plants. These chemicals are not recovered and reused in the companies under study. All industrial plants in Finland discharge their wastewater to municipal sewage treatment plants, which carry out wastewater analysis and control. All textile plants, which use more than 50 tonnes of organic solvents per year, are under official off-gas control in Finland. 相似文献