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1.
战略环境影响评价是环境影响评价在政策、计划、规划层面的应用。开展战略环评,是确保环境因素在决策过程中得到充分考虑的重要手段,是在宏观决策层面协调发展与环境问题的有效机制,更是可持续发展战略从概念落实到实践的重要桥梁。 相似文献
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我国行将制定的《环境影响评价法》将力图突破环境法的范畴,将其发展为实施可持续发展战略的基本制度,进一步推动我国立法和政府决策的民主化和科学化,这种对立法和政府决策进行环境影响评价的做法又称为“战略环评”,本文拟就战略环评的可行性,必要性和制度设计作出分析。 相似文献
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进行政策层面的战略环境影响评价,是一种国家动议和政府决策。《环境影响评价法》(草案)提交人大审议时是包括政策的,但经过反复研究协调,删去了关于对政策进行环境影响评价的规定。目前在决策层的认识方面有没有进展呢?现在开展政策层面的战略环境影响评价是否具备可行性呢?任何具有政治可行性、行政可行性、技术可行性和经济可行性的计划和 相似文献
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将适应气候变化纳入我国的战略环评 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
联合国环境规划署发布的《气候变化的影响和适应评估报告》,呼吁各国迅速采取行动措施适应气候变化,在制定经济发展计划时将适应气候变化问题纳入其中。将适应气候变化纳入到我国战略环境影响评价在目前构建环境友好型社会中有积极的现实意义,应该得到政府决策部门和科学研究机构的 相似文献
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区域政策对一个区域的环境与发展的影响是持久的项目背后驱动力,引导和决定着该区域内的一切经济行为。对区域政策进行环境影响评价,以判定区域政策在特定时空范围内的宏观影响是实现区域综合决策的科学化、从政策源头落实环境保护基本国策、实施区域可持续发展战略的要求。本文论述了开展区域政策环境影响评价(以下简称EIA)的意义和基础以及评价的原则、程序和指标体系。 相似文献
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论战略环境影响评价制度的若干主要内容 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
着重分析《环境影响评价法》有关战略环境影响评价制度的若干主要内容,包括战略环境影响评价的适用范围、公众参与和环境影响后评价制度,认为《环境影响评价法》有关战略环境影响评价制度的内容是先进的,但也指出了相关规定的些许不足。 相似文献
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针对目前天然气勘探开发项目环境影响评价不够系统的局限性,运用系统的思想观点和思维方法提出了天然气勘探开发项目综合环境影响评价指标体系.该评价体系把综合环境影响评价分为政策法规环境影响、自然生态环境影响、资源能源环境影响、经济环境影响、社会环境影响和科技环境影响等六大环境影响进行评价.借鉴环境影响评价的相关研究成果,分别为上述六大环境影响评价设计了具体的评价因子和评价指标. 相似文献
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生态市建设是一项系统工程,是实现可持续发展的必然途径。通过对战略环境影响评价理论、方法的探讨,开发出了针对生态市建设的战略环境影响评价技术框架,并以淮南市为例,构建了一套完整的战略环境影响评价指标体系。最后分析了淮南生态市建设SEIA的主要内容:土地利用规划、产业政策结构调整以及各项战略的环境影响评价,为生态市建设SEIA提供方法和技术支持。 相似文献
11.
The ecological systems of Earth are subjected to a wide array of environmental stresses resulting from human activities. The
development of appropriate environmental protection and management policies and the appropriate allocation of resources across
environmental stresses require a systematic evaluation of relative risks. The data and methodologies for comprehensive ecological
risk assessment do not exist, yet we do have considerable understanding of econological stress-response relationships. A methodology
is presented to utilize present knowledge for assignment of relative risks to ecological systems and human welfare from anthropogenic
stresses. The resultant priorities, developed for the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) relative risk reduction project,
highlight global climate change, habitat alteration, stratospheric ozone depletion, and species depletion as the highest environmental
risks, significantly diverging from the present emphasis by EPA and the public on toxic chemical issues. Enhanced attention
to ecological issues by EPA and development of ecological risk assessment methodologies that value ecological and economic
issues equitably are key recommendations. 相似文献
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The article analyses the recent development of public participation in environmental assessment and indicates some unfortunate and unintended results. A number of Danish cases show how the tools involved are employed for a kind of ‘acceptance planning’, instead of actual environmental protection, and that the legitimacy which public inclusion was supposed to bring to environmental assessment has instead been replaced by considerations of legality, which frees entrepreneurs and authorities from including real environmental considerations in their planning. Thus, the undesirable handling of public participation that the article analyses is not only due to the actual difficulties of practising inclusion and the indisputable complexity of the environmental issues but also to a very large extent due to considerations of economic efficiency and an unwillingness among investors – public as well as private – to take account of environmental consequences as a long-term issue. The article ends with a range of recommendations for securing public inclusion in matters of environmental assessment through independent public initiatives or institutions that do not answer to authorities and entrepreneurs. 相似文献
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Many management processes and tools can provide companies with information to support their environmental decision making. Risk assessment, environmental auditing, life cycle assessment and environmental reporting are but a few examples. Each of these has typically evolved independently as the need for it has arisen. Today, however, this abundance of tools can lead to confusion: What is the exact objective of each tool? How do they differ? Are some ‘better’ than others? Should they be used in parallel, sequentially or in place of each other? More importantly, how do they fit together into a coherent environmental management framework that will ensure sound environmental and economic decision making in a company? This paper seeks to answer these questions. It describes the overall environmental framework that has been developed internally within Procter & Gamble and which allows the company to make coherent economically and environmentally sound decisions, in both the short- and long-term. 相似文献
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In 1991, provisions for environmental impact assessment in New Zealand were changed significantly with the enactment of the
Resource Management Act. Among other provisions, this act requires consideration of cumulative impacts in environmental assessment
activities undertaken by planners in newly created regional authorities and district and city councils. The institutional
context in which the act is being implemented offers both opportunities and constraints to cumulative impact assessment. A
lack of methods for CIA is a recognized problem. However, methods that have been developed for environmental impact assessments
can be modified to incorporate second-, third-, and fourth-order impacts as well as to identify the direction and magnitude
of additive and synergistic impacts. Layered matrices and combined networks are examples of such methods. While they do not
allow for scientific prediction, they do provide the practitioner with the ability to consider the cumulative impacts of decisions.
This is crucial in New Zealand, where statutory requirements are ahead of established methodologies. 相似文献
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Perspectives of the Scientific Community on the Status of Ecological Risk Assessment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
/ Views from a wide variety of practicing environmental professionals on the current status of ecological risk assessment (ERA) indicate consensus and divergence of opinion on the utility and practice of risk assessment. Central to the debate were the issues of whether ERA appropriately incorporates ecological and scientific principle into its conceptual paradigm. Advocates argue that ERA effectively does both, noting that much of the fault detractors find with the process has more to do with its practice than its purpose. Critics argue that failure to validate ERA predictions and the tendency to over-simplify ecological principles compromise the integrity of ERA and may lead to misleading advice on the appropriate responses to environmental problems. All authors felt that many improvements could be made, including validation, better definition of the ecological questions and boundaries of ERA, improved harmonization of selected methods, and improvements in the knowledge base. Despite identified deficiencies, most authors felt that ERA was a useful process undergoing evolutionary changes that will inevitably determine the range of environmental problems to which it can be appropriately applied. The views expressed give ERA a cautious vote of approval and highlight many of the critical strengths and weaknesses in one of our most important environmental assessment tools.KEY WORDS: Ecological risk assessment; Ecology; Probability 相似文献
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我国企业突发环境应急预案编制的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
指出当前企业突发环境应急预案编制过程中存在的主要问题。对加强编制人员素质、做好风险源和风险物质管理,明确做什么、谁来做、怎么做,实现事件分级、预警级别、应急响应和信息报告等提出了建议。对强化实用性、完整性、规范性、可行性、衔接性的评估、规范现场处置六个程序和细化专项预案七项内容等方面进行研究,提出符合国家法律、法规要求、规范性的企业突发环境事件应急预案编制方法。 相似文献
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环境风险评价是油气处理终端环境影响评价工作的重要组成部分。根据HJ 169—2018《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》的要求,文章对油气处理终端潜在的环境风险进行评估,进行了环境风险识别、风险事故情形分析,确定了油气终端环境风险管理的薄弱环节,选择原油储罐、液化石油气储罐全破裂和陆地混输管线全管径泄漏为最大可信事故。并针对性地提出了环境风险防范措施,提高工程设计安全系数,实现本质环保;构建地表水环境风险防控体系,完善事故水封堵系统;做好分区防渗措施,实现污染物源头控制等;为油气终端环境风险评估及风险防控提供了理论和技术支持。 相似文献
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András Székács 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2017,30(1):153-170
Bioeconomy solutions potentially reduce the utilization demand of natural resources, and therefore, represent steps towards circular economy, but are not per se equivalent to sustainability. Thus, production may remain to be achieved against losses in natural resources or at other environmental costs, and materials produced by bioeconomy are not necessarily biodegradable. As a consequence, the assumption that emerging bioeconomy by itself provides an environmentally sustainable economy is not justified, as technologies do not necessarily become sustainable merely through their conversion to using renewable resources for their production. A source of the above assumption is that the utility of bioeconomy is mostly assessed in interaction between technology developers and economists, resulting in biased assessment with private commercial technology benefits being included, but environmental costs, especially longer term ones, not being sufficiently considered in the economic models. A possible solution to this conceptual contradiction may come from bioethics, as a strong concept in environmental ethics is that no technological intervention can be imposed on nature beyond its receptive capacity. To achieve a better balanced analysis of bioeconomy, environmental and ecological, as well as non-economic social aspects, need to be included in the overall assessment. 相似文献
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Corburn J 《Environmental management》2002,29(4):451-466
While risk assessment continues to drive most environmental management decision-making, its methods and assumptions have been
criticized for, among other things, perpetuating environmental injustice. The justice challenges to risk assessment claim
that the process ignores the unique and multiple hazards facing low-income and people of color communities and simultaneously
excludes the local, non-expert knowledge which could help capture these unique hazards from the assessment discourse. This
paper highlights some of these challenges to conventional risk assessment and suggests that traditional models of risk characterization
will continue to ignore the environmental justice challenges until cumulative hazards and local knowledge are meaningfully
brought into the assessment process. We ask whether a shift from risk to exposure assessment might enable environmental managers
to respond to the environmental justice critiques. We review the US EPA's first community-based Cumulative Exposure Project,
piloted in Brooklyn, NY, and highlight to what extent this process addressed the risk assessment critiques raised by environmental
justice advocates. We suggest that a shift from risk to exposure assessment can provide an opportunity for local knowledge
to both improve the technical assessment and its democratic nature and may ultimately allow environmental managers to better
address environmental justice concerns in decision-making. 相似文献