紫外增强KMnO4氧化电镀废水中铜-有机络合物

高锰酸钾(KMnO₄)是一种氧化性能很强且环境友好的氧化剂.本文探究了紫外(UV)增强KMnO₄处理氧化铜-乙二胺四乙酸有机络合物(Cu-EDTA)的动力学和机制,考察了KMnO₄浓度、初始溶液pH及水体中常见离子等影响因素对该体系的影响,确认了主要活性物种,并推导了Cu-EDTA的氧化路径和KMnO₄的作用机理.结果表明:相比单独UV或KMnO₄的作用,UV/KMnO₄能够显著增强Cu-EDTA的氧化效果.在初始pH=3.2、最佳氧化剂和污染物比例为1.2、反应时间为20 min的条件下,Cu的去除效率可以达到92%.随着KMnO₄浓度在0.09～0.9 mmol·L^-1范围内增加,Cu去除率随之增加.粹灭实验表明,与HO·相比,活性锰物种(RMnS)是UV/KMnO₄氧化Cu-EDTA的主要活性物种.采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析Cu-EDTA的降解产物,表明其降解遵循脱羧反应.不...     

HRT对改良式A2/O-BAF反硝化除磷脱氮的影响

研究HRT(水力停留时间)对改良式A~2/O-BAF双污泥系统反硝化除磷脱氮的影响.进水COD、NH~+_4-N和TP分别为189.6、 60.4和5.1mg·L~(-1),HRT分别为9、 8、 7和6 h时,COD出水平均浓度均小于42mg·L~(-1),NH~+_4-N出水平均浓度分别为2.4、 2.8、 3.3和6.5mg·L~(-1),TP出水平均浓度分别为0.3、 0.4、 0.7和0.8mg·L~(-1);系统缺氧段反硝化聚磷菌占聚磷菌的比例(DPAOs/PAOs)从76.8%递减到48.8%;HRT为8 h时,通过数理统计方法得出反硝化除磷脱氮比(ΔPO~(3-)_4/ΔNO~-_3-N)的概率密度高达37.5%,缺氧段ΔPO~(3-)_4/ΔNO~-_3-N为1.24(理论值1.41),此时反硝化脱氮除磷效果最佳;在整个试验过程中SVI值均低于100 mL·g~(-1),而MLVSS/MLSS从0.74逐渐下降到0.63,表明污泥活性逐渐降低.     

含Cu-EDTA废水吸附法处理研究

用活性炭吸附法对Cu-EDTA废水的处理进行了工艺条件研究。结果表明,对含Cu40mg/L的络合剂废水,利用络合铜在酸性条件下的不稳定和活性炭表面电荷作用,在pH=5—6,采用活性炭进行搅拌吸附0.5h,铜的吸附率可达98％,出水残铜稳定在1mg/L以下。同时采用0.5mol/L H_2SO_4洗脱回收铜,且做到活性炭再生使用,铜的回收率为98％。为Cu-EDTA废水的处理提供了一个经济有效的方法。     

单质硫自养短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化强化脱氮

通过在厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)连续流反应器中添加单质硫,试图引入单质硫自养短程反硝化(short-cut S~0-SADN)来强化ANAMMOX过程中NO~-_3-N的去除.在温度为(33±2)℃,pH为7.8～8.2条件下,探讨不同的进水NH~+_4-N/NO~-_2-N比对耦合系统中氮素转化以及NO~-_2-N竞争特性的影响.结果表明,在不同的进水NH~+_4-N/NO~-_2-N比(1∶1.3、 1∶1.5、 1∶1和1∶1.1)下,耦合系统的TN平均去除率分别达到了96.78%、 97.21%、 94.68%和97.72%,均远远大于ANAMMOX理论TN最高去除率89%.其中,在进水NH~+_4-N/NO~-_2-N比为1∶1或1∶1.1条件下,耦合系统能够实现单质硫自养短程反硝化耦合ANAMMOX深度脱氮的稳定运行.在最佳进水NH~+_4-N/NO~-_2-N比1∶1.1、NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N浓度分别为240mg·L~(-1)和265mg·L~(-1)条件下,TN去除速率达到1.50kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),ANAMMOX和S~0-SADN途径的TN去除率分别稳定在(95.68±1.22)%和(2.04±0.77)%.在整个运行过程中,ANAMMOX在底物NO~-_2-N的竞争过程中一直占据着绝对的优势,ANAMMOX菌的活性(以NH~+_4-N/VSS计)稳定在(0.166±0.008)kg·(kg·d)~(-1).     

用铜(Ⅱ)一乙二胺衍生物的络合物萃取检测阴离子表面活性剂

阴离子表面活性剂S[此处S~-是十二烷基磺酸盐(DS)或十二烷基苯磺酸盐(DBC))可被一系列铜(Ⅱ)一乙二胺微生物的络合物Cu(R_(-en))_2~(2 )萃取。式中的R_(-en)为乙二胺(en),N,N′—二甲基乙二胺(NN′Me_2en),N,N—二甲基乙二胺(NNMe_2en),N,N—二乙基乙二胺(NNE_( 2)en)或1.2—二氨基环已烷(Cyen)。离子对的萃取常数是K_(ex)=[Cu(R_(-en)_2~(2 )·2S]_o/[Cu(R_-en)_2~(2 )][S]~2,对于具有en,NN′Me_2en,NNMe_2en,NNE_( 2)en和Cyen的DS 络合物萃取到氯仿中的萃取常数分别为logK_x=7.93,9.19,8.88,8.74和11.45(±0.05,25℃)。离子对Cu(R_(-en)_2~(2 )·2S~-的萃取性能给出了对溶剂酸度的线性关系。Cu(Cyen)_2~(2 )萃取体系被应用于某些阴离子表面活性剂的检测。用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度测定法,对20ml江水或海水样品得到的检测极限是5μg/l。     

重金属絮凝剂DTAPAM去除水中Cu-EDTA的条件优化和机理

工业含Cu废水中常含有配位剂EDTA,可与Cu(Ⅱ)配位后形成稳定的可溶性配合物Cu-EDTA,致使废水中的Cu(Ⅱ)较难被除去.为了将含Cu-EDTA废水中的Cu(Ⅱ)得以有效去除,采用二硫代羧基化胺甲基聚丙烯酰胺(DTAPAM)作为重金属絮凝剂,以Cu-EDTA为处理对象,研究了絮凝水力条件、DTAPAM投加量、pH值、EDTA浓度、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度对DTAPAM去除Cu-EDTA性能的影响,确定了Cu(Ⅱ)的最佳去除条件;并利用紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、扫描电镜及能谱分析等表征方法探究了DTAPAM去除Cu-EDTA的机理.结果表明,最佳絮凝水力条件为快搅时间2min、快搅速度160r/min、慢搅时间20min、慢搅速度50r/min;当pH值为5.0～7.0时,DTAPAM对Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度为25mg/L的含Cu-EDTA水样的去除性能均较好,且在pH值为7.0时Cu(Ⅱ)的去除效果最好,最高去除率可达99.07%;当体系中EDTA与Cu(Ⅱ)配位比为1:1时,DTAPAM对不同Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度的含Cu-EDTA水样均具有理想的去除效果.表征结果显示,DTAPAM高...     

脉冲电压强化类芬顿氧化Cu-EDTA破络与Cu阴极回收研究

工业废水中的重金属常与共存有机配体结合形成重金属-有机络合物,其化学稳定性高,传统水处理技术难以实现重金属络合物的有效去除.电化学技术可以通过电氧化与电还原同步实现重金属络合物破络与阴极回收金属.本研究针对单阴极无法同步产H₂O₂与回收重金属的问题,构建了碳气凝胶(CA)和Ti组成的双阴极类芬顿体系,研究了阴极脉冲电压方式对典型重金属络合物Cu-EDTA破络合与定向回收Cu的影响机制.同时,分别比较了在CA阴极和Ti阴极上施加方波脉冲、三角脉冲和差分脉冲电压对双阴极体系原位电产H₂O₂、Cu-EDTA氧化破络合和Cu定向回收的影响.结果表明,在CA阴极施加方波脉冲电压效果最优,脉冲宽度为5 s时H₂O₂的产量在反应60 min达到22.5 mg·L^-1,相比恒定电位提升了80.57%,Cu-EDTA去除率在180 min达到88.63%,提升了16.83%.Ti阴极施加三角脉冲电压效果最佳,脉冲宽度为10 s时Ti和CA阴极回收Cu的...     

NaClO、UV及UV/NaClO消毒过程中TCC的去除特性及遗传毒性

采用NaClO、UV和UV/NaClO复合消毒等方式研究了三氯卡班（TCC）在消毒过程中的去除特性,考察了3种消毒方式中TCC溶液的遗传毒性变化,鉴定了TCC的降解产物并探讨了其降解机制,以UV/NaClO复合消毒为研究对象,考察了NaClO投加量、TCC初始浓度、溶液pH值和腐殖酸（HA）等因素对TCC去除的影响.结果表明,3种消毒技术对TCC的去除效果依次为UV/NaClO、UV、NaClO.消毒处理不同程度增加了TCC溶液的遗传毒性.LC-MS鉴定出了8种TCC的降解产物,降解途径主要为脱氯、加氯以及·OH/O^·氧化.UV/NaClO复合消毒对TCC的去除率在97%以上;TCC的去除与其初始浓度呈负相关;TCC的去除率随pH值的增大先升高后降低;低浓度的腐殖酸（HA）对TCC的去除有促进作用,高浓度则相反.     

基于双同位素(δ15N-NO3--δ18O-NO3-)和IsoSource模型的岩溶槽谷区地下水硝酸盐来源的定量示踪

由于岩溶水文系统的脆弱性,岩溶地下水的NO~-_3污染成为全球普遍且严峻的环境问题,为保证居民的饮水安全,准确识别地下水中NO~-_3污染来源并量化各来源的贡献具有重要意义.选择重庆市近郊受城市化和农业活动影响显著的中梁山北部的龙凤和龙车两个岩溶槽谷地下河系统为研究对象,于2017年2月～2018年2月采集地下河水水样,分析其水化学和δ~(15)N-NO~-_3-δ~(18)O-NO~-_3,并利用IsoSource模型定量评估地下水中NO~-_3的来源.结果表明:①龙凤和龙车槽谷地下水NO~-_3浓度变化范围为19.31～37.01 mg·L~(-1)和2.15～27.69 mg·L~(-1),平均值分别为28.21 mg·L~(-1)和10.31 mg·L~(-1),季节变化明显;②龙凤和龙车槽谷地下水δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3分别变化于3.29‰～11.03‰、 0.88‰～7.51‰和5.25‰～11.40‰、 2.90‰～19.94‰,平均值分别为6.74‰、 3.18‰和7.95‰、 11.18‰,龙凤槽谷较低的δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3值暗示其地下水NO~-_3主要来源于农业N肥,而龙车槽谷较高的δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3值意味着其地下水NO~-_3主要来源于生活污水,也表明硝化过程是本区地下水N的主要转化过程;同时,两槽谷地下水δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3存在明显的季节差异,龙凤槽谷旱季和雨季地下水δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3的平均值分别为8.83‰、 2.79‰和4.64‰、 3.58‰,龙车槽谷旱季和雨季地下水δ~(15)N-NO~-_3和δ~(18)O-NO~-_3的平均值分别为9.79‰、 14.56‰和5.12‰、 7.8‰,表明两槽谷地下水NO~-_3来源存在显著的季节差异,龙凤槽谷雨季地下水NO~-_3主要来源于降水和化肥中NH~+_4的硝化作用、土壤有机氮,而旱季主要来源于人畜粪便及污水,龙车槽谷旱、雨季地下水NO~-_3都主要来源于人畜粪便及污水;③IsoSource模型解析结果表明,龙凤槽谷地下水NO~-_3污染以降水和化肥中的NH~+_4来源贡献最大(44.63%),其次为人畜粪便及污水(29.5%)和土壤氮矿化(22.38%),大气沉降和化肥贡献率较低,不足10%.其中,雨季主要来源为降水和化肥中的NH~+_4(52.25%),旱季则是人畜粪便及污水(41%);龙车槽谷NO~-_3污染以人畜粪便及污水来源最大(36.17%),其次为降水和化肥中的NH~+_4硝化(23.5%)和土壤氮矿化(22.5%),大气沉降和化肥贡献率皆低于10%,旱、雨季人畜粪便及污水来源的贡献率都较大,分别为47%和25%.     

反硝化除磷耦合部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化一体式工艺的启动

采用厌氧折流板反应器与完全混合反应器(ABR-CSTR)组合的一体式工艺作为试验载体,在连续流的运行条件下,针对低碳高氨氮(NH~+_4-N≥200mg·L~(-1))污水,将不同隔室内的普通厌氧污泥驯化培养为分别具有反硝化除磷、部分亚硝化和厌氧氨氧化功能,以实现三者功能的耦合.A4(CSTR)段通过限氧(DO=0.8 mg·L~(-1))和间歇曝气(曝∶停比=30 min∶30 min)的方式经过30 d成功实现部分亚硝化的启动.随后进一步采取缩短水力停留时间(HRT)的方式实现部分亚硝化的稳定运行,为厌氧氨氧化提供了NO~-_2-N/NH~+_4-N为1.0～1.1的稳定进水基质.A5和A6隔室运行154 d后实现了厌氧氨氧化功能, NH~+_4-N和NO~-_2-N的去除率分别为94%和97%,其出水中NO~-_3-N浓度稳定在22 mg·L~(-1)左右.A1～A3隔室利用回流中的NO~-_x-N作为电子受体成功实现了反硝化除磷功能,PO~(3-)_4-P的去除率为77%.一体式工艺经过175d成功耦合,实现了碳、氮和磷的同步高效去除.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.