基于二层Borda序值法的泥浆泵风险分析

根据F1600宝石泥浆泵的运行状态,结合专家经验,建立了泥浆泵系统的故障模式与影响(FMEA)分析表,得到了系统存在的11种主要故障模式和29种故障原因。由于泥浆泵FMEA分析表中故障模式对应的故障原因不唯一,泥浆泵风险分析系统具有二层结构,即故障原因是底层风险事件,故障模式是上层风险事件。采用传统的Borda序值法无法对该系统进行风险分析和排序,为此,提出了一种能够对二层风险系统进行风险分析的二层Borda序值法。该方法首先基于传统的Borda序值法对底层风险事件进行风险分析并排序;然后基于底层风险事件的Borda值,采用组合排列技术,将二层的风险系统转化为传统Bord序值法能够解决的单层系统,从而实现上层风险事件的风险排序。将此方法应用到泥浆泵系统的故障风险分析中,分别得到了不同故障模式和故障原因对泥浆泵系统可靠性影响的排序结果。实例研究结果表明,该方法的评估结果与实际情况比较吻合,并且可以使分析定量化,简便可行。     

FMEA在乙烯罐区风险分析中的应用研究

详细介绍国际上先进的风险管理方法故障类型和影响分析(FMEA)的评价理论和分析方法。为了能够在系统使用阶段进行故障类型和影响分析(FMEA),并缩减其工作量,对故障源分析过程进行改进,并对乙烯罐区进行FMEA风险评价。对乙烯罐区安全操作中的各种不期望发生事件,潜在的故障类型、故障因素、后果严重度、发生概率及风险等级进行逐个分析,并根据评价结果制定相应的风险削减措施。研究表明,FMEA不仅能保证系统运行过程的可靠性,而且通过研究导致不期望发生事件(事故)的故障源(故障类型),从源头消除故障隐患。     

基于Cross-熵与TOPSIS的复杂系统失效模式与影响分析

为降低复杂系统失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)中决策人员的主观偏好和不确定因素对分析结果的影响,建立基于Cross-熵和逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)的FMEA方法。基于Hp,q转化算子,将区间直觉模糊集转化为直觉模糊集,根据Cross-熵求得失效模式的综合绩效值;以绩效值最大为目标,以失效模式属性权重取值范围为约束条件,建立模糊线性规划模型,求解得到各属性的权重系数。基于可能度理论和关联系数2种排序方法,得到系统各失效模式改进的优先顺序。用某发动机涡轮增压系统FMEA的实例说明所建立方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法有助于避免分析过程中信息的损失,可提高风险优先数的精确度,避免其排序混乱,并始终能关注关键的故障模式。     

基于模糊FMEA法的乏燃料剪切机剪切装置风险评估

为了有效控制乏燃料后处理立式送料剪切机剪切装置在运行过程中的风险,采用基于模糊理论的故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)对剪切装置的故障模式进行风险评价。首先将风险优先指数(RPN)的3个评价指标视为模糊变量并模糊化,接着采用专家打分的方式对各故障模式进行模糊评价,采用重心法解模糊化,计算得出各故障模式的模糊风险优先指数(FRPN),从而确定机械设备中各故障模式的风险控制顺序。利用模糊FMEA法对乏燃料立式送料剪切机剪切装置的故障模式进行了风险评估,结果表明,吊篮焊接件裂纹、主刀体破损、刀具退刀固定档板变形为风险较大的故障模式,分析结果与工程实际较吻合。     

三角模糊随机MAGDM方法及其在FMEA中的应用

针对不同故障模式与影响分析(FMEA)中专家群决策的不确定性和主观性问题,提出混合概率分布下基于前景理论的三角模糊随机多属性群决策(TFRMAGDM)方法。首先,在前景理论框架下定义基于混合概率分布和三角模糊随机变量(TFRV)的期望-方差决策矩阵,建立基于决策群组意见一致性的专家属性权重极大熵模型。然后,结合期望-方差决策矩阵和属性权重模型,获取综合边际前景期望-方差矩阵,从而根据定义的序关系判别准则确定不同故障模式下风险优先次序排序。最后,将此方法应用于某照明设备的故障模式风险排序。结果表明,用TFRMAGDM方法能够量化分析具有模糊性和随机性的故障模式的风险,明确其优先次序。     

基于FMEA的自动扶梯故障模式危害度研究

本文采用FMEA方法对自动扶梯各系统及部件的失效模式及故障原因进行了分析,建立了自动扶梯驱动主机、梯级链、导轨系统、扶手带等关键部件故障树模型,提出了重要部件故障危害度评估方法,研究了基于RCM的自动扶梯维护与检验技术,有利于实现自动扶梯科学维修,降低事故发生频率,对提高设备使用安全可靠性和智能运维管理能力具有参考作用。     

可能度理论在FMEA灵敏度分析中的应用

为解决传统失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)中风险顺序数(RPN)计算的模糊性和不确定性问题,避免其排序混乱,并始终能关注关键的故障模式,提出基于可能度理论的失效模式改进优先等级排序方法,并对FMEA的灵敏度进行分析。由于发生度、严重度及探测度3个属性的权重及其属性值直接影响排序结果,基于互换性理论中上下偏差的思想,求取可能度理论下属性权重的稳定区间;分别对传统RPN和可能度理论下的FMEA进行属性值敏感性分析,给出相应的算法,并得到各决策方法下属性值的稳定区间。以某柴油机变速器输出轴的FMEA为例,验证该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法有助于确定零部件失效模式改进的优先顺序,可以增强排序结果的坚稳性。     

FMEA在乳化炸药螺杆泵中的应用

以乳化炸药螺杆泵为研究对象,画出系统功能方框图和可靠性方框图,应用故障模式及影响分析方法(FMEA),确定螺杆泵的各种可能故障模式、故障原因和故障影响。同时计算出各故障的风险度,并依次对故障进行分级,找出对螺杆泵危害严重的故障。最后建立FMEA表格,并根据分析结果提出提高其可靠性的建议措施。     

考虑组织者风险态度的通航危险源评估模型

为有效评估通航危险源的风险程度,构建考虑决策组织者风险态度的通航危险源评估模型。首先,基于国际民航组织(ICAO)推荐的危险源分类法梳理通航危险源评估指标体系;其次,针对以语义术语表征的多属性群决策(MAGDM)问题,提出变权语义幂均(VLPA)算子,并以此获取考虑决策组织者风险态度的群体评估信息;然后,综合考虑决策组织者的风险态度,阐述基于VLPA算子-距离熵的决策属性权重确定方法;最后,采用语义加权逼近理想解排序技术(TOPSIS)综合排序通航危险源的风险程度,并与传统的故障模式与影响分析(FMEA)方法对比分析。结果表明:组织因素和沟通人为因素是通航运行过程中需重点关注的2个危险源;与FMEA方法的一致排序结果证明所提方法的可行性,且该方法能更好地处理不同风险因子的乘积可能得到相同风险顺序数(RPN)值的情形。     

基于FMEA与RBF神经网络的LPG汽车罐车储罐系统故障诊断

为了对液化石油气(LPG)公路运输罐车储罐系统故障进行准确、全面的诊断,通过利用故障模式影响分析方法(FMEA)构建储罐系统故障模式及故障特征指标,根据日常检测数据构造训练样本,运用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对网络进行训练建立诊断模型并利用诊断模型对罐车故障进行诊断。经验证:诊断结果与实际情况相符合。因此,基于FMEA与RBF神经网络所构建的模型可以用于危险化学品汽车罐车储罐系统的故障诊断。     

Failure mode and effect analysis using regret theory and PROMETHEE under linguistic neutrosophic context

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), which aims to identify and assess potential failure modes in a system, has been widely utilized in diverse areas for improving and enhancing the performance of systems due to it is a powerful and useful risk and reliability assessment instrument. However, the conventional FMEA approach has been suffered several criticisms for it has some shortcomings, such as unable to handle ambiguous and uncertain information, neglect the relative weights of risk criteria, and without considering the psychological behaviors of decision-makers. To ameliorate these limitations, this paper aims at establishing a hybrid risk ranking model of FMEA via combing linguistic neutrosophic numbers, regret theory, and PROMETHEE (Preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation) approach. In the presented model, linguistic neutrosophic numbers are adopted to capture decision-makers’ evaluation regarding the failure modes on each risk criterion. A modified PROMETHEE approach based on regret theory is presented to obtain the risk priority of failure modes considering the psychological behaviors of decision-makers. Moreover, a maximizing deviation model and TOPSIS (Technique for order preference similar to ideal solution) are separately applied to derive the weights of risk criteria and decision-makers. Finally, a numerical example relating to the supercritical water gasification system is employed to implement the presented method, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model are validated by the results derived from a sensitivity and comparison analysis.     

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis using an integrated approach of clustering and MCDM under pythagorean fuzzy environment

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is an effective risk analysis and failure avoidance approach in the design, process, services, and system. With all its benefits, FMEA has three limitations: failure mode risk assessment and prioritization, complex FMEA worksheets, and difficult application of FMEA tables. This paper seeks to overcome the shortcomings of FMEA using an integrated approach based on a developed Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) k-means clustering algorithm and a popular MCDM method called PF-VIKOR. In the first step, Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) were used to collect Severity (S), Occurrence (O), and Detection (D) factors for failure modes to incorporate uncertainty and fuzziness into subjective judgments. Afterward, failure modes were clustered by developing a novel k-means clustering algorithm that accepts PFNs as input. Finally, the PF-VIKOR approach was used to analyze the ordering of cluster risks. The proposed approach was implemented in the dehydration unit of an Iranian gas refinery and the results were compared with the traditional FMEA. The findings showed the flexibility and applicability of the proposed approach in addressing real-world problems. This research provides two key contributions: (1) designing a PFN-based k-means clustering algorithm that tackles FMEA limitations and (2) using the PF-VIKOR method for prioritizing and evaluating failure mode clusters.     

充填管道系统失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)及失效影响模糊评估

根据金川矿区充填管道系统的运行情况,结合充填实践经验,建立了充填管道系统的失效模式与影响分析法(FMEA)分析表,得出系统存在10种失效模式。针对FMEA分析表中失效影响存在较大模糊性而难以有效估计的特点,引入模糊评估方法来进行分析。通过该矿区充填管道系统各失效模式产生失效影响的模糊评估,得到不同失效模式对系统可靠性影响的排序结果。结果表明:该方法的评估结果与实际情况比较吻合;可以使分析定量化,有助于工程人员充分利用系统模糊信息;该方法也能用于其他系统失效模式影响的模糊评估。     

Risk assessment of an oxygen-enhanced combustor using a structural model based on the FMEA and fuzzy fault tree

The oxygen-enhanced combustor has the advantages of high burning efficiency and low emissions. However, it should not be promoted for industrial use until its reliability and safety have been fully recognized. A new methodology is proposed to assess the risk of an oxygen-enhanced combustor using a structural model based on the FMEA and fuzzy fault tree. In addition, it is applied to a selected pilot semi-industrial combustor. To identify the hazard source comprehensively, the pilot is divided into four subsystems: the combustor subsystem, feed subsystem, ignition subsystem and exhaust subsystem. According to the operational parameters of flow (flow rate, temperature and pressure) and the component functions in different subsystems, the cause and effect matrix can be built using the structural model, and the relationship between the operational parameters and the effects of the change for the operational parameters on the system can be presented. Based on the results of cause and effect matrix, the FMEA can be built to describe the failed models and accident scenarios of the pilot. The main accident forms include leakage, injury, fire and explosion. Accordingly, with the severity and probability analysis of different accident forms, the fire and explosion accidents should be further accessed quantitatively using the fuzzy fault tree analysis. The fault trees can be obtained in accordance with the FMEA, and the qualitative assessments of the basic events can be collected by using expert scoring. A hybrid approach for the fuzzy set theory and weight analysis is investigated to quantify the occurrence probability of basic events. Then, the importance analysis of the fault trees, including the hazard importance of basic events and the cut set importance, is performed to help determine the weak links of the fire and explosion trees. Finally, some of the most effective measures are presented to improve the reliability and safety of the combustion system.     

基于安全屏障模型的海上钻完井作业风险分析

海上钻完井作业面临海洋环境恶劣、浅层地质灾害等复杂工况,极易发生油气泄漏、井喷等事故。为有效预防海上钻完井作业事故,提出基于瑞士奶酪模型的安全屏障模型。采用事故树和故障模式及影响分析相结合的方法,分析作业过程风险。该模型根据挪威标准D-010,建立完井作业关井阶段的物理安全屏障和安全屏障控制原理图,在此基础上构建油气泄漏事故树和失效模式与影响分析表,找出关井阶段可能的油气泄漏途径。通过对重要度计算和风险优先度值排序确定作业过程中最薄弱的安全屏障和关键故障模式。结果表明,作业过程中最薄弱的安全屏障是采油树、油管和地面控制井下安全阀(SCSSV),采油树腐蚀、密封失效、油管接头密封失效和SCSSV开关故障是影响作业过程的关键故障模式。     

Emergency shutdown of fluidized bed reaction systems

With several industrial applications of fluidized bed technology recently commercialized worldwide, it becomes essential to develop safe operation methods for fluidized bed reaction systems (FBRSs) to prevent any influence on their process values, which lead to accidents. To preventing any disaster or malfunction in an FBRS, an emergency shutdown system (ESD) is initiated, closing the reaction system in case of any abnormality by effectively isolating the flammable gas. However, an ESD is also prone to the “inactivation problem,” in which in the case of failure it initiates the emergency shutdown, even when the operating conditions of the reaction system are abnormal. It is also vulnerable to a “malfunction problem,” where the emergency shutdown is performed even when the operating conditions of the reaction system are normal. In this study, these problems were solved by investigating a reaction system through the monitoring of appropriate parameters and setting up of trigger levels, which reflect the uniqueness of an FBRS using an ESD. The parameters were identified by analyzing the scenario leading to an accident. The trigger levels were determined as the points at which the loss is smaller in the presence of an ESD, as compared to the value of the loss function in the presence or absence of an ESD. Furthermore, the ESD design model was applied as a case study in the ammoxidation process of propylene. The results showed that an ESD can prevent an approximately 8 billion yen of loss due to accidents in plant operations, against an investment of 200 million yen.     

PSA中人因失误模型化研究

主要研究PSA模型如何考虑人因失误的影响,系统地提出如何在电厂系统模型中建立相对应的人因失误分析模型。利用事件树把系统故障和人因失误相结合的方法,探讨如何最大可能地真实描述事故后的操纵员行为,确定重要人因事件发展序列以及根据系统响应确定合理可分析的人因题头,建立完整的人因失误模型化的体系,并以实例说明具体分析过程。此项研究能够较好地描述硬件可靠性和人因可靠性之间的关联关系,降低HRA出力并满足PSA对于事故后人员行为的概率分析需求。     

安全系统的故障分析

以可靠性研究为基础,分析独立和冗余配置的安全系统的故障状态,给出独立配置和冗余配置时安全系统的显性故障率、隐性故障率以及系统可用度的定量模型。以该模型对以紧急停车系统(ESD)和生产监控系统(DCS)构成的组合安全系统进行了比较和分析。笔者认为:ESD单独设置时,应注意降低隐性故障率、提高其修复率;ESD与DCS冗余配置时,无论是并联冗余还是串联冗余,安全保护功能都是增加的,但同时显性故障率有所增加,隐形故障率大大减少。因此,用ESD补充DCS的安全保护功能而不是简单的重复其功能,对提高系统的整体安全水平将是十分明显的。     

故障模式影响分析法在弹药安全性失效分析中的应用

为找出某122 mm加农炮爆破榴弹膛炸和某105 mm无坐力炮破甲弹早发火的原因,采用故障模式影响分析法进行失效分析.结果表明,装药存在空洞是造成该膛炸的根本原因.通过分析造成该122 mm加农炮爆破榴弹的膛炸机理和半爆机理,制定了避免卡壳弹流入生产线、对装药弹体进行X光透视检查等应对措施;早发火是由于发射药被烘燃和明火点燃造成的.根据造成该105 mm无坐力炮破甲弹早发火的机理分析,制定的应对措施是进一步改善塑料袋的高温燃烧性能,使之在发射后不留下残片和底座套管,进一步比较了塑料布和牛皮纸在无坐力炮药筒装药上的燃烧性能,选取了最优方案.