浅谈火电厂烟气排放连续监测技术及其应用

文章着重论述了烟气连续排放监测系统即CEMS。并且从其来源、所具备的各项技术特点分析了此项技术在火电厂中的发展与应用前景。     

英国CEMS的MCERTS产品认证

本文对英国CEMS的MCERTS产品认证的主要内容、程序及相关要求做了简单介绍。     

Application of Sample Selection Model in Estimating Response Functions for Nitrate Percolation

The Seymour aquifer region of Texas has been identified as containing elevated levels of nitrate in ground water. Various state and federal agencies are currently studying policy options for the region by gathering more site-specific information. However, because of lack of sufficient information, cause and effect relationships between water quality and agricultural practices have not been well established for the region. Some recently available biophysical simulation models have impressive capabilities in generating large amounts of data on environmental pollution resulting from agricultural production practices. In this study, the data generated by a biophysical simulation model were used to estimate the nitrate percolation response functions for the Seymour aquifer region. Interestingly, nitrate percolation values obtained from simulation models often comprise acensoredsample because the non-zero percolation values are only observed under certain climatic events and input levels. It has been shown in the econometric literature that the use of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) on censored sample data produces biased and inconsistent parameter estimates. Thus, a sample selection model was used in this study to estimate the response functions for nitrate percolation. The study provides some insight into the relationship between nitrate percolation and agricultural production practices. In particular, the study demonstrates the potential of selected design standards in minimizing agricultural nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution for the study area.     

Problems in Extinction Model Selection and Parameter Estimation

It is a vexing problem to achieve a consensus about the proper scientific way to assess population viability for habitat conservation plans. Rather than a hypothesis-testing approach, here it is proposed to select population models, estimate extinction parameters, and assess prediction uncertainty using a pragmatic, empirical Bayesian approach. The simplest usable models include the effects of population growth, r; carrying capacity, K; Allee threshold, N(A); and environmental stochasticity, v(r). Analytic predictions of expected extinction times are available for such models. Models that are more complex can be elaborated from this basis. Selection from a hierarchy of nesting population models can often be done through the evaluation of parameters. The estimation of the most important extinction parameters can be undertaken in a variety of ways. Time series can be analyzed to estimate r(d), v(r), rho, and K. Habitat models and individualistic population models may help estimate N(A) and K and demographic stochasticity. Fine-scale biogeography and climatological data may be useful in the estimation of a variety of parameters. Because it takes many years to estimate extinction parameters accurately for a given population of interest, the most efficient estimation procedures are desirable. I propose the use of prior information from an (as yet nonexistent) population biology database. The accumulation of local information through monitoring will improve our estimates allowing adaptive management. Uncertainty in the estimates will always remain, but it may be quantified by the posterior distributions. A crude example is discussed using treefrog population data. Although the motivations, beliefs, and biases of competing stakeholders will differ, a habitat conservation plan could accommodate this variation in the prior distributions. Field experience from monitoring will increasingly clear up any discrepancies between the opposing beliefs and the real ecosystem. As the world is an uncertain place and because there is no universal scientific method, there will always be controversy and surprises. The best we can do is (1) agree about our prior information, (2) agree about the strategy of model selection and parameter estimation, and (3) agree about our strategy for adaptive management. Perhaps the greatest impediment to such prior agreements for HCPs is the likely paranoia inspired by the use of unfamiliar statistical methodology. We need to train students of ecology in a more flexible and deeper understanding of statistics and philosophy of science.     

烟气脱硝在线连续监测系统应用探索

脱硝在线连续监测系统与脱硫在线监测系统相比,脱硝装置在电除尘（或袋除尘）装置之前,而脱硫装置在除尘装置之后。由于安装位置的前移,脱硝CEMS系统运行环境将比脱硫CEMS系统更为恶劣,脱硝装置将面临着高温、高粉尘、高负压等一系列问题。本文结合脱硝装置工况及有关环保标准,提出了脱硝CEMS系统对设备的要求以及设备维护中的问题。     

广播电塔电磁环境仿真研究

介绍了一种广播电视发射塔电磁环境预测的方法,利用了广播电视发射塔天线的远场方向图,结合周边的实际地理环境状况,通过CEMS（复杂电磁环境方针系统）软件实现快速仿真。文中的广播电塔的天线使用了最常用的单极板天线,在CEMS软件中,用发射机代替广播电视电塔,在天线的辐射范围内按照一定的规律放置接收机并进行仿真分析。通过仿真分析,对以后广播电视电塔的选址和改进提供一定的依据。     

氨法脱硫装置污染源在线比对监测异常原因分析

烟气排放连续监测系统比对监测是环境监测工作的一项重要内容,氨法脱硫装置由于运行工况复杂,现场比对监测时诸多因素会造成比对监测的偏差。文章针对烟气比对监测数据异常和烟尘比对监测数据异常,从几个方面分析造成偏差的原因,并提出相应的质控措施,以减少数据偏差,提高在线比对监测的准确性。     

湿法脱硫工艺吸收塔及塔内件的设计选型

本文着重介绍了湿式石灰石-石膏烟气脱硫工艺中的核心设备——吸收塔的结构形式及喷嘴、喷淋层、除雾器、侧进式搅拌器、氧化空气管等塔内件的设计要求。     

从效果看校园环保活动的形式选择

请不要以为本文与环保无关,如今的校园环保活动日渐高涨,但效果怎样呢？ 　　请听听我们学生自己的建议吧： 　　好的内容＋好的形式 =好的环保活动 　　好的环保活动× n次 =地球家园美好的明天 　　从两次环保活动的效果看校园环保活动的形式选择。 　　快速抢答,现在开始： 　　＊你知道朱吗？ 　　＊你知道朱属哪一科吗？ 　　＊你知道朱曾经分布在哪吗？ 　　＊你知道朱现在分布在哪吗？ 　　这些问题现在可难不倒我们学校的同学了,因为我校环保社团改变了以讲座方式为主的活动,增添了一系列大家能够亲自参与实践的新活动…     

脉冲清灰系统选型的理论估算及试验

脉冲清灰系统是袋式除尘器和电袋除尘器的关键技术之一。通过理论估算的方法确定系统关键参数的初值,并依靠在脉冲喷吹试验平台试验的方法来获得最优的设计参数。