长三角地区农村生活污水处理设施水量特征分析

污水排放特征是评价污染负荷的依据,也是进行污水治理规划、设计建设和运行维护的基础,农村污水量的确定是污水处理设施设计、运行维护的难点之一。本研究调研了长三角地区某县306座污水处理设施2022年全年进水水量数据,探究了不同处理规模进水量的变化规律,重点讨论了春节假期、雨季等时期水量变化规律。研究结果表明,随着城镇化水平快速提高以及农村居民生活方式的改变,春节期间水量变化呈现出3类特征,水量设计应根据不同类型村庄特征进行。同时,应重视户排水系统的雨污分流,厨房、院落洗漱、厕所、洗浴污水应收尽收,减少汛期屋面及院落雨水进入收集系统。     

"十一五"脱硫计划实施前后长三角地区的硫沉降变化

采用RAINS ASIA模型研究了"十一五"期间长三角地区实施脱硫措施前后硫沉降超临界负荷的变化.结果表明,在90%保证率下,长三角地区硫沉降的临界负荷(以S计,下同)总值为78.38万t/a;2005年该地区硫沉降的超临界负荷总值为27.98万t/a,有45.6%区域面积的硫沉降超过临界负荷;如果不实施脱硫措施,到2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷的情景将急剧恶化,硫沉降超临界负荷总值将增长18.4%,超临界负荷的区域面积将增加到48.7%;"十一五"脱硫计划如期实施后,2010年长三角地区硫沉降超临界负荷总值将在2005年的基础上下降27.4%,但仍有39.1%的区域面积超过临界负荷,须采取更严格的措施控制硫沉降量.     

靖江市沿江开发中的生态建设和保护问题思考

沿江开发中必须加强生态建设和保护。作者通过对靖江市沿江开发中的生态建设和保护问题思考，提出了基本原则和基本模式。     

长三角城市群水生态文明建设水平及其时空分异

基于驱动力—压力—状态—影响—响应(DPSIR)模型对2010—2018年长三角城市群41个城市的水生态文明建设水平进行了研究,并分析其时空分异.结果表明:从时间演变来看,长三角城市群水生态文明建设水平呈波动上升趋势;从空间特征来看,长三角城市群水生态文明建设水平呈现出"东高西低、南高北低"的格局,具有集聚性,不同省份...     

长三角地区“绿水青山”与“金山银山”的耦合协调水平测度及其影响因素

从\"绿水青山\"和\"金山银山\"两个方面构建耦合协调评价指标体系,采用主客观相结合的方法测算绿水青山指数和金山银山指数,对长三角15个核心城市2008—2017年\"绿水青山\"和\"金山银山\"的耦合协调度进行评价;在此基础上,采用固定效应面板模型对各影响因素进行回归分析。结果表明:2008—2017年间,长三角地区绿水青山指数呈现波动上升趋势,金山银山指数逐年上升;耦合协调度由初级协调阶段逐步提升为中级协调阶段,\"绿水青山\"和\"金山银山\"的协调发展程度逐步向好。影响因素分析发现,耦合协调度与经济发展呈现正U型关系;外商直接投资对耦合协调度呈现负向影响;技术进步能够提升耦合协调度;人力资本对耦合协调度的正向影响具有显著滞后效应,人力资本的积累有利于促进\"绿水青山\"和\"金山银山\"长期耦合协调发展。     

居民生活垃圾分类意愿及其影响因素对比研究 ——以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区为例

以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区的先行启动区为例,以家庭为单位进行入户调查,运用主成分分析法,探索居民参与垃圾分类的意愿及其影响因素的区域差异.结果表明:上海青浦区居民对垃圾分类的满意度、参与意愿和环境意识显著高于浙江嘉善和江苏吴江两地.总体而言,居民生活垃圾分类意愿主要受年龄、便利性认知、社区垃圾管理满意度和奖惩机制...     

推进生态建设打造绿色兰溪

~~推进生态建设 打造“绿色兰溪”$半溪市环境保护局@李建明     

珠三角秋季臭氧污染来源解析

秋季是珠三角臭氧污染最严重的季节,选取2004年秋季珠三角典型臭氧污染过程,运用臭氧来源解析技术等分析手段,研究珠三角臭氧污染特性,分析并量化各排放源区各类源对受体点的臭氧贡献。结果表明,东莞市对珠江口地区的臭氧峰值有重大贡献,下午2-3点东莞市前体物的臭氧贡献最大可达40ppb;而广州市区的前体物排放主要影响顺德区和南海区。在珠三角,排放源区一般对下风向40km范围内的地区臭氧贡献最大。秋季大多数情况下珠三角西部(江门东湖)臭氧受中部主要排放源区臭氧前体物排放与输送的影响很大,广州和佛山地区对江门东湖的臭氧峰值贡献达50ppb左右。交通尾气排放对珠三角各受体点的臭氧贡献最大,交通源对重污染区受体点臭氧的贡献最高可达40ppb~50ppb。     

Occurrence and distribution of sediment-associated insecticides in urban waterways in the Pearl River Delta, China

Sediment-associated pesticides, including organochlorine (OCP), organophosphate (OP), and pyrethroid insecticides, were analyzed in urban waterways in three cities (Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The OCPs represented 27.2% of the detectable insecticides in sediment, and chlordanes, DDTs, and endosulfans were the most frequently detected OCPs. The currently used insecticide chlorpyrifos was the only OP detected above the reporting limit (RL), with concentrations ranging from <RL to 100 ng g⁻¹ dry weight (dw). Additionally, pyrethroids were detected in all sediments with the sum pyrethroid concentrations ranging from 4.26 to 384 ng g⁻¹ dw and this represented 64.9% of the sum insecticide concentration. Despite their widespread use, no studies have been conducted investigating the occurrence and distribution of pyrethroids in China. As the first report of pyrethroids in urban waterways in China, the current study found cypermethrin was the most abundant insecticide detected in the PRD at concentrations ranging from 1.44 to 219 ng g⁻¹ dw. Spatially, sediment from more populous and urbanized areas (Shenzhen and Tianhe district in Guangzhou) had higher insecticide residues than less populous agricultural areas. In the more modernized city of Shenzhen, the OCPs were seldom detected, whereas more diverse patterns of pyrethroids were observed. Potential sources of these insecticides, especially the frequently detected pyrethroids, were most likely from pest control during urban landscaping maintenance and from abatement programs targeting mosquitoes and ants. Results suggested that a shift in application pattern and elevated urbanization increased accumulation of currently used insecticides like pyrethroids in sediment, and made them the predominate insecticides in the PRD urban waterways.     

Spatial trend and pollution assessment of total mercury and methylmercury pollution in the Pearl River Delta soil, South China

Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were measured in large number of soil samples collected from areas with different types of land use, different depth in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of South China. THg and MeHg concentrations ranged from 16.7 to 3320 ng g⁻¹ and 0.01 to 1.34 ng g⁻¹, respectively. THg levels are highest in the top 0-20 cm soil layer, and decrease from the surface to bottom layer soil. Spatial variation was observed with different types of land use. Urban parks had the highest concentrations and the other areas tended to decrease in the order of residential areas, industrial areas, vegetable fields, cereal fields, and woodlands. Temporal variation was also noted, and two relatively high THg contamination zones located in the northwestern part of the PRD have significantly expanded over the last two decades. Both THg and MeHg concentrations were correlated significantly with soil organic matter (OM), but not with soil pH. THg pollution status was evaluated using two assessment methods.     

Phased and polarized development of ecological quality in the rapidly-urbanized Pearl River Delta,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization is one of the most significant human activities in the Anthropocene, with profound impacts on environmental quality. The lack of an...     

Analyzing trophic transfer of heavy metals for food webs in the newly-formed wetlands of the Yellow River Delta, China

Nine heavy metals sampled from water, sediments, and aquatic organisms in the newly-formed wetlands of the Yellow River Delta (YRD) of China were analyzed to evaluate their concentrations and trophic transfer in food webs. The stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes were used to investigate trophic interactions. Results show that most of heavy metals detected in water and sediments are lower than that in Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The longest food web is approximately 4 with the highest trophic level of birds. The difference of heavy metal concentrations between endangered Saunders’s Gull and other three kinds of protected birds is not obvious. Cd, Zn, and Hg were identified to have an increase with the trophic level (TL), while As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb show an opposite trend, however, the biomagnification of the selected nine heavy metals in the food webs is not significant.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils of the modern Yellow River Delta, China: occurrence, distribution and inventory

The Yellow River is the second largest river in China. In this study, the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the modern Yellow River Delta (mYRD) were firstly reported. Twenty PBDE congeners in soil/sediment samples from mYRD were measured. The total PBDE concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 18 257 ng kg⁻¹ with a mean value of 836 ng kg⁻¹. BDE-209 was the dominant congener, accounting for ∼86.1-99.5% of the total PBDEs. The congener profiles of PBDEs with higher abundances of BDE-153 and BDE-183 were similar to those in sediment of the Bohai Sea, indicating that they shared similar sources. The concentrations and congener patterns varied among different regions. Higher levels of PBDEs were found in the middle area (MA), and more complicated congener compositions were also observed in the MA, whereas lower levels of PBDEs were found in the modern course (MC) and the old course (OC). Much more PBDEs were detected in the top layer (TL) soil where more congeners were also held compared to lower soil layers, implying that more PBDEs were emitted into this area in recent years/decades. Organic matter controlled the PBDE distribution in the soil. Soil in this area might be a source of BDE209 for the Bohai Sea.     

Relationship of urinary arsenic metabolites to intake estimates in residents of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

This study investigated the status of arsenic (As) exposure from groundwater and rice, and its methylation capacity in residents from the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Arsenic levels in groundwater ranged from <1.8 to 486 μg/L. Remarkably, 86% of groundwater samples exceeded WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L. Also, estimated inorganic As intake from groundwater and rice were over Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (15 μg/week/kg body wt.) by FAO/WHO for 92% of the residents examined. Inorganic As and its metabolite (monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) concentrations in human urine were positively correlated with estimated inorganic As intake. These results suggest that residents in these areas are exposed to As through consumption of groundwater and rice, and potential health risk of As is of great concern for these people. Urinary concentration ratios of dimethylarsinic acid to monomethylarsonic acid in children were higher than those in adults, especially among men, indicating greater As methylation capacity in children.     

洪泽湖湿地生态系统保护与修复关键技术研究

分析了洪泽湖湿地生态系统属性及其在南水北调工程实施后的演变趋势,利用野外实验研究,在生境改变条件下,适用于不同湿地退化状况的人工辅助恢复技术;在实验监测的基础上,对洪泽湖几种典型湿地生态系统的生态功能进行了定量评价,为生态恢复工程的设计提供必要的技术支持。     

珠江三角洲地区土壤中二噁英污染水平及其分布特征研究

应用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱(HRGC/HRMS)对珠江三角洲地区土壤中二噁英(PCDD/Fs)的浓度及其分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,土壤样品中PCDD/Fs为118~2 304pg/g,平均值为743pg/g;WHO2005-TEQ为1.09~5.56pg/g,平均值为3.25pg/g。珠江三角洲地区土壤中PCDD/Fs浓度较往年相比稍有下降,且大部分地区土壤中PCDD/Fs污染并不严重。土壤中PCDD/Fs同系物分布以OCDD为主要的特征单体,毒性单体贡献最大的是1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD和2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF,平均占总毒性当量的28.9%和16.3%。对珠江三角洲地区土壤中PCDD/Fs的源分析表明,土壤中PCDD/Fs受污染源影响较小,可能主要来自大气沉降。