共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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《环境科学文摘》1996,(1)
X171 .9600082新农药单甲眯在植物一土壤系统中的生态效应(以棉花为例)/林舜华”·(中科院植物研究所)//生态学报/中国生态学会一1995,15(幻一185~191环信Q一40 该文研究了新农药单甲眯对植物一土壤系统的生态影响,结果认为:所设置的6个浓度(对照、25%单甲眯水剂稀释1500倍、1000倍、500倍、500倍、100倍)对棉花虫害有不同程度的防治效果,以100倍最好,可防治棉花多种虫害。单甲眯对棉花种群的结构与功能无不良影响。高浓度单甲眯从80。倍起至500倍可使叶片气孔缩小,减少蒸腾速率,从而降低对水分的消耗,促进光合产物的形成.因而光合速率增长… 相似文献
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在20℃条件下应用换液的方法研究单甲脒农药对大型(Daphniamagna)、方形网纹(Ceriodaphniaquadrangula)、老年低额(Simocephalusvetulus)的急性毒性和慢性毒性.结果表明,单甲脒对类的毒性中等,48hEC50值在552—1514mg/L之间,老年低额比较敏感,大型耐性较强.21d繁殖实验结果获得单甲脒对老年低额的最大无影响浓度(NOEC)为0032mg/L,最低有影响浓度(LOEC)为0063mg/L,其最大允许浓度(MATC)估计为005mg/L,应用系数为001.溶液pH值对单甲脒毒性有明显影响,其毒性随pH值的增加而下降 相似文献
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单甲脒农药对的毒性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在20℃条件下应用换液的方法研究单甲脒农药对大型溲方形网纹溲,老年低额溲的急性毒性和慢性毒性,结果表明,单甲脒对溲类的毒性中等,48hEC50值为5.52-15.14mg/L之间,老年低额溲比较敏感,大型溲耐性较强。21d繁殖实验结果获得单甲脒对老年低额溲的最大无影响浓度为0.032mg/L,最低有影响浓度为0.063mg/L,其最大允许浓度估计为0.05mg/L,应用系数为0.01。 相似文献
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单甲脒残留量的气相色谱分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以气相色谱法分析水果和土壤中单甲脒的总残留量。单甲脒及其代谢物先水解成2.4—二甲苯胺,经石油醚萃取,酸碱液液分配净化,七氟丁酸酐衍生化后,用带有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪检测。柑桔和土壤中单甲脒的最低检测浓度分别为1ppb和5ppb。单甲脒的添加浓度在0.25~2.0ppm范围内,在柑桔和土壤中的平均回收率分别为82.4%±5.4%和82.8%±2.3%。 相似文献
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Effects of the simulated acid rain(AR) and ultraviolet-B(UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation with a single or two ways simultaneously (AR + UV-B) on the antioxidant enzyme and photosynthesis of the rape seedlings were investigated by the hydroponic culture. The results of static experiment indicated that the tolerance of rape seedling to single stress(AR or UV-B) is stronger than that to dual stresses(AR + UV-B). Furthermore, the dual stresses had additive effect on catalase activity, and a synergistic effect on MDA content, net photosynthesis rate, water use efficiency as well as intercellular CO2 concentration. Meanwhile, it has an independent effect on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate as well as membrane permeability. During 64 h restoration course, the dynamic change in the curves of physiological and biochemical indices were not identical, and none of them show a simple linear variation. According to the static and dynamic experiments, it was found that a responsive sequence of catalase activity, membrane permeability, MDA content and photosynthetic characteristics to the above-mentioned stresses was as follows: AR + UV-B 〉 UV-B 〉 AR. 相似文献
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苦草光合作用日变化对水质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过静态模拟试验研究晴天时苦草(Vallisneria asiatica)的光合作用日变化对水质的影响. 分别采用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(Diving-PAM)和多参数水质监测仪(YSI)在线监测苦草叶绿素荧光参数与水质,并定时采样测定水中营养盐的浓度. 结果表明,苦草叶片光合作用的相对电子传递速率(rETR)日变化与叶片表面的光合有效辐射(PAR)和温度同步,呈单峰曲线;光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)实际量子产量(Y)的日变化呈“W”型;水体的pH和ρ(DO)的日变化与苦草光合作用趋势一致,也呈单峰曲线,而电导率和浊度与光合作用没有相关性;水体中ρ(TN)一直保持稳定,ρ(TP)在23:00时出现峰值.苦草的光合作用能引起水体pH,ρ(DO)和ρ(TP)的改变;且pH和ρ(DO)对底泥磷释放的影响可能是一个动态平衡的过程. 相似文献
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黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是我国西北地区重要的生态屏障,也是当地人民赖以生存的自然资源,然而由于种种原因,这片绿洲正在衰败并且有消亡的危险.胡杨是典型的潜水旱中生植物,它虽然有较强的耐大气干旱、耐盐碱能力,其生长发育与水分条件的优劣有着十分密切的关系.本文通过研究额济纳天然胡杨的叶水势、蒸腾速率、光合速率的变化规律,综合分析其水分利用效率与叶水势的相关关系,了解胡杨树体内水分运移关系,为揭示胡杨生存现状和合理利用水资源提供理论依据,为合理保护额济纳绿洲胡杨林提供科学支持. 相似文献
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为了研究AM(arbuscular mycorrhizal,丛枝菌根)真菌在Hg胁迫下对农作物生长的影响,通过温室盆栽试验,分析不同Hg投加量(0、0.1、1.0和2.0 mg/kg)下,接种AM真菌对水稻植株生物量、株高、叶片叶绿素相对含量、膜质过氧化程度、抗氧化酶系活性、光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2、水分利用效率、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响.结果表明:①在不同Hg投加量下,AM真菌均能促进水稻植株生长.②AM真菌接种能提高水稻叶片叶绿素相对含量,增加水稻叶片光合速率.③接种AM真菌后,水稻叶片MDA(malondialdehyde)含量降低,水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)活性均升高.综合显著性分析结果来看,当Hg投加量为0.1 mg/kg时,接种AM真菌后水稻整体长势良好,多项生理指标偏高,说明AM真菌在较低Hg投加量下能促进水稻生长,提高水稻对汞的抗性.研究显示,AM真菌能通过促进水稻光合色素分泌来提高水稻光合作用,同时能提高水稻抗氧化酶活性,维持细胞稳态,缓解汞的毒害作用.总之,AM真菌能增强水稻对汞污染的适应能力,促进植株生长发育,降低汞对水稻造成的毒害及损伤,增强抗逆性,且该作用在较低Hg投加量下表现更加明显. 相似文献
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重庆南山雾水特性及其对马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过对重庆南山四个样点的雾水分析表明,雾水的pH值为3.6—5.6,平均为4.5。离子成分以SO_4~(2-),Ca~(2+)和NH_4~+为主,其总浓度为同期雨水的9.3倍。雾水中还有大量的颗粒物。凝结于针叶上的雾水pH值普遍下降,可达3.0以下。酸雾对马尾松针叶中的Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),NO_3~-等营养离子有淋失作用,对叶中叶绿素有破坏作用。雾水中的颗粒物覆盖叶表面,可堵塞气孔,影响叶片的光合作用,或造成伤斑。 相似文献
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Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is generally expected to enhance photosynthesis and growth of agricultural C3 vegetable crops, and therefore results in an increase in crop yield. However, little is known about the combined effect of elevated CO2 and N species on plant growth and development. Two growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NH4^+/NO3^- ratio and elevated CO2 concentration on the physiological development and water use of tomato seedlings. Tomato was grown for 45 d in containers with nutrient solutions varying in NH4^+/NO3^- ratios and CO2 concentrations in growth chambers. Results showed that plant height, stem thickness, total dry weight, dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots, G value (total plant dry weight/seedling days), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf-level and whole plant-level water use efficiency and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings were increased with increasing proportion of NO3- in nutrient solutions in the elevated CO2 treatment. Plant biomass, plant height, stem thickness and photosynthetic rate were 67%, 22%, 24% and 55% higher at elevated CO2 concentration than at ambient CO2 concentration, depending on the values of NH4^+/NO3^- ratio. These results indicated that elevating CO2 concentration did not mitigate the adverse effects of 100% NH4^+-N (in nutrient solution) on the tomato seedlings. At both CO2 levels, NH4^+/NO3^- ratios of nutrient solutions strongly influenced almost every measure of plant performance, and nitrate-fed plants attained a greater biomass production, as compared to ammonium-fed plants. These phenomena seem to be related to the coordinated regulation of photosynthetic rate and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings. 相似文献
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巯基棉纤维对多种微量元素吸附性能的研究 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
本文研究了自制的巯基棉纤维对十六种微量元素的定量吸附条件、吸附速度、吸附量、吸附强弱顺序和解脱条件。讨论了巯基棉纤维的制备、保存、稳定性、再生使用及吸附时共存物的干扰与消除等问题。 实验得知,巯基棉纤维是一种良好的固体吸附剂,它可以定量吸附水溶液中多种微量重金属离子和某些非金属离子,具有富集倍数大、吸附率高、吸附速度快、选择性强、解脱性能好等优点,且制备简单、操作方便、易于推广。 相似文献