Occupational accidents with ladders in Spain: Risk factors

Introduction

Occupational accidents suffered by workers in Spain when using ladders were analyzed over a six year period from 2003-2008, during which the total of notified ladder-related accidents amounted to 21,725. Method: Different accident-related factors were identified for the purpose of developing a pattern of those factors that had the greatest influence on the seriousness and the fatality of such accidents. Thus, a series of variables were examined such as age and length of service of the injured worker, firm size, the work sector, the injury suffered, and the part of the body that was injured. Since falls is the most frequent and most serious of ladder related occupational accidents, a special analysis of falls was performed. Results: The findings showed that the seriousness of ladder-related accidents increased with the age of the injured worker. Likewise, accidents at places other than the usual workplace were more serious and registered higher fatalities than those that occurred at the usual place of work. Conclusions: The analysis of falls from ladders established that accidents in smaller-sized firms were of greater seriousness and involved more fatalities than those in larger-sized firms. The investigation also underlined the need for stricter compliance with preliminary safety assessments when working with ladders.     

The effect of globalization on occupational accidents

This paper discusses the results of studies, which were carried out in the Institute of Occupational Safety Engineering at Tampere University of Technology (TUT) in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) during 2001–2004. The objective was to estimate the number of occupational accidents that caused death or at least three days’ absence from work. The estimates were based on the figures gathered from selected ILO member states. This paper discusses also how globalization has affected occupational accidents trend in developing and developed regions.     

关于工业机器人的事故分析及其对策

工业机器人是高科技机电产品,在工业领域广泛应用,可以代替人们从事繁重的、危险性的工作,但由于工业机器人故障所造成的人身伤害事故也时有发生,从工业机器人的可靠性、工业机器人事故案例、能量类型分类等多角度对工业机器人事故进行了分析,从事故树分析法（FTA）、基本安全性原则、工业安全技术等几方面提出了相应的对策。     

我国高速公路交通事故特征分析

随着我国高速公路的快速发展,高速公路交通事故逐年上升,高速公路交通事故死亡人数明显增加.分析表明:现阶段我国高速公路交通事故严重程度不断增加,高速公路的安全性尚未有效体现出来;与一般道路交通事故相比,高速公路交通事故有着明显不同的特征和规律.随着高速公路建设的进一步快速发展,我国的高速公路交通事故仍有可能呈继续上升趋势.     

我国生产安全事故的R/S分析

R/S分析方法是一种检验时间序列服从独立随机分布假设或非线性特征的有效工具.本文应用R/S分析方法实测了几类全国安全生产事故Hurst指数,表明几类全国安全生产事故发生具有持续性的特点,研究成果对于指导政府、企业认识安全生产规律,科学决策具有参考意义.     

Analysis of the circumstances of accidents and impact of transformations on the accidents in a beverage delivery company

The aim of the study was to analyze the narratives in accident files to document the circumstances of accidents in a beverage delivery company, in particular, in regard with the activities performed at the time of the accident and the deviations reported. A second aim was to understand the impact of the transformations introduced by the company on accident patterns. Narrative material from 546 files covering a 7-year period was analyzed. Special attention was given to collecting information on the activities conducted at the time of the accident, including location, foot support base, operation, and material involved. The analysis allowed specifying elements that have good potential for improving handling situations and decreasing accident risks. Three categories of deviation were analyzed: situations reported as particular or difficult, unforeseen events, and dysfunction reported in the activity itself. Results show that several external factors play an important role in the occurrence of accidents. Most of these factors are beyond risk analysis of handling situations. The impact of the transformations on the number, seriousness, and causes of accidents was dramatic. Analysis shows that current investigative risk tools are insufficient in helping management predict how decisions will affect safety. The discussion situates the results within the various theories of musculoskeletal mechanisms of injury.     

尿素合成塔内化学爆炸机理分析

分析了尿素合成塔发生化学爆炸的可能性.利用经验公式计算出塔内上部空间气相在正常生产和非正常生产状态下的爆炸极限范围,并计算出非正常生产状态下气相化学爆炸产生的压力和能量范围.计算结果与现场数据吻合.爆炸所产生的压力作用于液面上,根据静压传递原理,尿液内各点与外压相等,超过尿塔正常工作压力,并导致破裂.     

价格对中国煤矿事故的影响分析

针对我国目前煤炭产业严峻的安全形势，本文采用、统计的方法，分析了煤炭价格和产量与煤矿安全生产事故之间的相关关系，验证煤炭价格与煤矿安全生产事故的发生存在协整关系，而且煤价是煤矿伤亡事故的致因，并进一步做回归分析，并尝试从价格的角度揭示煤矿安全生产事故发生的规律。     

突发性环境污染事故的应急监测探讨

突发性环境污染事故应急预案方案中主要包括污染物的应急监测以及污染事故的处置方案。其中应急监测的工作在于明确造成环境污染的化学物品的种类、浓度、数量、已造成污染范围、已造成的破坏程度、事故未来发展事态等。通过应急监测所整理的信息数据,应急预案组织工作小组可以迅速的对突发性环境污染事故做出科学合理的决策。本文针对突发性环境污染事故应急监测工作方案进行梳理总结,指导组织管理人员如何快速的组织应急监测工作。     

The effect of right-turn-on-red on pedestrian and bicyclist accidents

Right-Turn-on-Red (RTOR), in its “Western” version allows motorists to turn right on a red signal after stopping and yielding, unless specifically prohibited by a sign. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Western RTOR on pedestrian and bicycle accidents in selected jurisdictions adopting the rule in the mid-1970s. The results showed significant increases in pedestrian and bicyclist accidents involving right-turning vehicles at signalized locations following the introduction of Western RTOR. These increases were: 40 % for pedestrians and 82 % for bicycles in New York State; 107 % for pedestrians and 72 % for bicycles in Wisconsin; 57 % for pedestrians and 80 % for bicycles in Ohio; and 82 % for pedestrians in New Orleans. Analysis of police accident reports suggested that drivers stopped for a red light are looking left for a gap in traffic and do not see pedestrians and bicyclists coming from their right. Countermeasure research and development was recommended to deal with this well defined problem which involves between 1 % and 3 % of all pedestrian and bicycle accidents.     

对无伤害事故管理的探讨

无伤害事故由于没有造成伤害,往往被人们所忽视。事实上,事故的后果是具有随机性的,因此,在安全管理中,应重视对无伤害事故的管理,做好无伤害事故的收集、调查、分析、统计、处理和研究,从中找出事故规律,以采取防范措施,达到预防伤害事故发生的目的。     

建筑行业事故发生规律的探究

建筑行业作为一个高危险行业,由于作业条件、人员素质、管理水平等原因而事故频发并具有自身的事故特点.从国内外建筑行业事故类型、事故发生时间规律特点分析,探究建筑行业事故发生的内因和外因,从而为行业主管部门、安全监管部门提供一定依据以促进建筑企业生产的本质安全化.     

Global estimates of occupational accidents

Information of occupational accidents is not standardized worldwide. Especially, developing countries do not have reliable information on their occupational accidents due to lack of proper recording and notification systems. The number of accidents is under-reported but figures are still used as a baseline for occupational safety work. In this paper global estimates of occupational accidents are presented for 175 countries. These estimates are based on figures from selected countries in eight different regions. Global estimates help to compare different countries and regions to each other to detect improvements in safety and safety work. In 1998 the average estimated number of fatal occupational accidents was 350 000 and there were 264 million non-fatal accidents. Global estimates are needed to guide national policies and decision-making.     

美国职业安全卫生局工作拾零

美国劳工部职业安全卫生管理局(以下简称 OSHA)的工作目标是通过与雇主和工人一起努力,营造更好的工作环境,确保全美工人的安全和健康。OSHA 自1971年成立以来,因工死亡人数下降了60%以上,职业伤害和职业病发病率下降了40%。与此同时,美国的就业人数翻了一番,企业从开始的350万个增加到710万个,就业人数从5600万增加到11500万。     

企业管理人员的职业适应性系统评价

根据企业管理人员职业适应性的特点及其对企业绩效的影响,对企业管理人员的职业适应性进行了研究.通过对实际企业管理人员的职业适应性的调查和分析,运用层次分析法,确定企业管理人员的职业适应性的指标并建立了系统评价模型.     

职业安全卫生国际劳工公约介绍

国际劳工组织将在2003年6月第91届国际劳工大会上就国际劳工组织有关职业安全卫生公约的一体性方法进行讨论,以促进各国国家立法与国际劳工组织标准尽可能的一致。为此,ILO-CIS中国国家中心将在本刊陆续介绍国际劳工组织有关职业安全卫生公约的内容,使读者进一步了解有关情况,为我国安全生产立法提供参考,促进我国的安全生产工作不断提高。     

攀钢冶材公司职业病成因分析

通过对企业职业病档案等历史材料进行调查、整理和系统分析，找出造成职业危害的原因，以便有关部门和企业采取针对性措施，改善生产现场的作业环境，加强职业危害管理，从而促进各级管理干部对此项工作的重视和全体员工对职业危害的认识，最终实现控制和减少职业病的发生。     

我国职业卫生现状研究

从我国职业卫生的立法、监管、统计体系,以及我国职业卫生信息系统的建设几个方面,阐述了我国职业卫生现状,并针对我国的现实情况提出了自己的看法和建议.我国职业卫生工作起步较晚,研究和探讨我国职业卫生现状可以为我国的职业卫生发展提供一定依据.     

Tire blow-outs and motorway accidents

During the period from 1996 to 2002, 60,397 vehicles were involved in crashes with property damage and/or injury on a French motorway network of 2000 km. It was observed that 6.7% of these accidents involved tire blow-outs. In 87% of cases, only one vehicle was involved in the accident. Tire blow-outs occurred in 6.5% of cars that represented more than 80% of the vehicles involved in crashes. The occurrence of this phenomenon is very high for vans (22%), though it concerns trucks less (2.5%). The proportion of tire blow-outs decreased from 1997, when it was 8.0%, to 5.9% in 2002. However, two main facts require examination: (1) On inter-urban motorways, crashes involving blow-outs of rear tires occur four times more frequently than for blow-outs of front tires. (2) The frequency of tire blow-outs is especially high for vans, and almost always involves rear tires. This higher frequency for rear tires is the result of two phenomena, which are indistinguishable given the data available: firstly, a four-wheel vehicle is more difficult to control if a blow-out occurs on a rear tire (confirmed experimentally); secondly, rear tires may be in poor condition more often than front tires, and so more prone to blow-outs. Consequently, users are strongly recommended to install the best tires on rear wheels. In practice, if only the front tires are replaced, which often occurs because they tend to be worn out more quickly than the rear ones (especially for front wheel drive vehicles), it is necessary to move the rear tires to the front and fit the new ones on the rear wheels. Very interesting technological developments are in progress that should reduce the number of tire blow-outs. However, considering the time necessary to renew the number of cars on the roads, this very simple and inexpensive recommendation should apply to all cars and especially to vans.