共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Z. Liu D. Carpenter A.K. Kim 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2006,19(6):516-526
Large cooking oil pool fires, occurring in industrial oil cookers, present a severe hazard to food processing plants due to their size and the large amount of hot oil involved. This paper reports a series of full-scale fire experiments conducted in a large industrial oil cooker mock-up. The characteristics of large cooking oil pool fires and the effect of oil depth and hood position in the oil cooker on fire growth were studied. The use of water mist for extinguishing large oil pool fires and their extinguishing performance under different discharge pressure and with different types of water mist systems were investigated. Experimental results showed that the cooking oil underwent a substantial expansion in volume during heating. The fires developed quickly once the oil auto-ignited. The fire growth rate was affected by the oil depth in the pan and the hood position in the oil cooker. The water mist fire suppression systems effectively extinguished large cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-igniting. Their extinguishing performance was determined by the type of water mist system, discharge pressure and hood position in the oil cooker. 相似文献
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采用实验的方法并与理论分析相结合,对细水雾在扑灭B类火时,占主导地位的灭火机理进行了研究。实验中发现,当液体燃料的闪点相差较大时,其灭火机理往往不尽相同。并且当细水雾的雾特性相差较大时,在灭火中起主导作用的灭火机理常常也各有不同。因而那种单纯以雾滴的粒径分布作为细水雾扑灭燃料闪点较高的油池火时,雾滴的动量分布对细水雾的灭火有效性影响更大。为此,本文还建立了一个简单的模型,试图得到在这种火灾场景下,对细水雾灭火的临界动量要求。 相似文献
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The total flooding application water mist system is a new type of environmentally-friendly fixed extinguishing system. The optimizing design can improve its fire extinguishing performance. At present, the water mist fire extinguishing system in the engine room of the offshore deepwater semi-submersible support platform has not attracted sufficient attention. In this paper, the water mist in the engine room of a deepwater semi-submersible support platform was studied. It contains the effect of water mist on the heat absorption and oxygen insulation of diesel pool fires. The applicable parameters of the water mist fire extinguishing system were also determined. Moreover, based on the shielding of the fire source in the engine room and the different requirements for water mist extinguishing parameters, a hierarchical multi-parameter combined high-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system was proposed. In the full-scale experimental engine room model, according to the fire extinguishing experiments for diesel pool fires with different areas, this kind of hierarchical multi-parameter water mist system is very effective on shielded and non-shielded fires. In addition, it is still effective even in a non-closed environment coupled with smoke exhausting. 相似文献
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细水雾抑制熄灭木材火焰的小尺度实验研究及简化模型 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
细水雾灭火技术以其环保性好、灭火迅速、耗水量低、破坏性小以及适用面宽等特点,已成为国际火灾领域关注研究的热点.以此为工程背景,开展了细水雾抑制熄灭木材火焰的小尺度模拟实验研究.利用热电偶测温系统、数码摄像机等仪器测量了细水雾作用前后燃烧场的变化特征.结果表明:预燃时间、喷雾气压、细水雾作用时间等参数对灭火过程有显著影响.细水雾抑制熄灭木材火焰的主要机理是燃料表面冷却效应.从传热的角度建立的木材表面冷却模型与实验结果吻合较好. 相似文献
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When two or more pool fires happen to burn so close to each other that they interact, they are termed ‘multiple pool fires’ (MPF). Past accident analysis reveals that MPFs occur quite frequently in chemical process industries. Controlled experiments done so far to study MPFs have indicated that MPFs lead to increase in the fuel burning rate, flame height and heat release rate (HRR) but the nature and the extent of the impacts of different factors on these manifestations is as yet poorly understood. In this context computational fluid dynamics (CFD) appears to be a tool which can enable more detailed and realistic simulation of MPFs than other possible approaches, especially due to its ability to closely approximate the underlying physical phenomena. In tank farms there are situations where different storage tanks are placed at different elevations yet close to each other. If such tanks happen to catch fire, the resulting fires may influence each other in a manner that may be a function of the difference in the tanks’ elevation. However no CFD study has been carried out which addresses this type of situation. Hence an attempt has been made to employ CFD to study MPFs involving two pools with fuel surfaces are at different elevations. Results reveal that good correlation is possible between the experimental findings and the CFD simulations. 相似文献
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When two or more pool fires burn in such close proximity of one another that they can influence each other, they are termed ‘multiple pool fires’ (MPF). The characteristics and the structure of MPFs are significantly different from that of stand-alone pool fires. Even though MPFs have known to occur fairly often in chemical process industries, much lesser work has been done towards simulation, modeling and control of MPFs as compared to stand-alone pool fires.This paper is perhaps the first-ever attempt at surveying the MPF state-of-the-art. It recounts MPF accidents and catalogs the controlled experiments that have been done to understand the mechanism and impact of MPFs. Attempts to model MPFs have been assessed and possible ways to manage MPFs have been touched upon. 相似文献
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按照1:1尺度设计了实验平台,包括模拟隧道、模拟列车、排烟系统、火灾监控系统、火灾扑救系统以及火灾参数测量系统,是国内第一个专门对铁路隧道救援站的火灾安全性进行系统研究的全尺寸实验平台。实验平台可实现温度场、燃烧成分、火源热辐射等关键参数的测量;可研究不同工况条件下,火灾监控、火灾扑救技术和烟气控制技术的有效性,为发现火灾特征参数的演变规律和掌握有效的火灾控制技术提供了一整套解决方案,具有广阔的应用前景和重要的实际指导意义。本文建立并利用这样一个全尺寸实验平台进行了细水雾灭火系统抑制车厢火灾的模拟实验研究,获取温度、有毒有害气体浓度、热辐射等火场重要参数,发现细水雾灭火系统可有效的抑制车厢火灾,并验证了此实验平台用于铁路隧道内列车火灾实验研究的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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Wen-Yao Chang Ping-Kun Fu Chiun-Hsun Chen Yi-Liang Shu 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2008,86(3):213-218
Wet benches are typically utilized in semiconductor facilities for wafer and parts cleaning. Heaters and some flammable liquids, such as acetone and isopropyl alcohol (IPA), are employed during the cleaning process. Wet bench fires have caused serious losses in the semiconductor industry. To assess the fire protection performance, several field tests were performed using a water mist system installed in the wet bench. In this study, acetone pan fuel was used as fire source. The test parameters were operational pressure, pan size, nozzle location, cylinder obstruction and degree of door closure. An appropriate design for operating pressure and the location of water mist nozzles extinguished wet bench fires effectively in the early fire stages. The nozzles are suggested to be fixed above or on the each side of the pan, ensuring that mist can completely cover a pan surface with sufficient momentum. With this suggested design, fires can be extinguished in the pan and do not spread over the wet bench. 相似文献
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正方形煤油池火燃烧特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
实验研究了无风条件下正方形煤油池火的燃烧特性,包括燃烧速率、火焰高度和火焰脉动频率等。正方形油池边长分别为0.2m,0.4m,0.6m,0.8m,油池壁面高度均为0.13m。利用图像处理技术分析了油池火火焰高度,并在此基础上建立了获取火焰脉动频率的两种方法。研究发现,油池壁面高度的存在使油池火的燃烧速率低于理论值;燃烧速率实验值与油池特征尺寸(d/L)呈单调递减关系;较小尺度油池的平均火焰高度与理论预测值比较接近,但较大尺度油池的平均火焰高度明显低于理论预测值;油池壁面的存在使油池火脉动频率低于理论值;随特征尺度(d/L)的增加火焰的脉动频率范围加大,脉动不稳定加剧。 相似文献
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障碍物影响下细水雾灭火有效性的研究具有重要的意义。研究了障碍物与火焰的相对位置、细水雾工作压力、喷头距离火焰垂直距离及水平距离等因素对灭火有效性的影响,以及细水雾作用下火灾烟气中一氧化碳、二氧化碳及氧气浓度的变化规律等。结果表明:高压细水雾可以有效扑救部分有障碍物遮挡的油池火,同时喷头距离火焰的水平距离和垂直距离也显著影响着细水雾的灭火速度;高压细水雾在灭火过程中火场的氧气浓度明显升高,二氧化碳和一氧化碳浓度明显降低;细水雾工作压力较低时,一氧化碳浓度反而有所增加。 相似文献
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针对现有防火分隔技术的不足,以细水雾幕作为新的防火分隔技术,开展了不同细水雾幕雾特性对衰减热辐射影响的数值模拟研究。通过建立长通道模型,在火源和被保护物体中间设置细水雾幕系统,测量有无细水雾幕及不同细水雾特性条件下被保护侧温度及热辐射强度值,来定性定量研究细水雾幕衰减热辐射的效率。模拟结果表明:细水雾幕可以很好的降低被保护侧空间的温度和热辐射强度;衰减热辐射效率随雾滴粒径的减小,喷雾流量的增大,喷头排数增加而增大;另外,其衰减热辐射效率与喷头布置方式有关,上喷方式明显优于下喷方式。研究结果将对现有防火分隔技术的改善提供帮助和技术支持。 相似文献
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The purpose of the present work is the experimental investigation on the extinguishment of diesel container fires by a water-mist system with base injection through multiple nozzles placed symmetrically at various positions around the rim of the container. Experimental parameters selected are the orifice diameter of the nozzle, the number of nozzles, position of nozzles (angle of orientation, radial and vertical distance of the nozzle from the edge of the container), and injection pressure. Nozzles used in the present work are pressure-swirl nozzles with Z-type swirl-insert with solid-cone spray. Desirable properties of the system such as the non-clogging operation of the nozzle and uniform mass flux density in the spray are tested for the nozzles. The optimized solution is provided considering water consumption and the physical stability of the fuel surface in the container. Displacement of oxygen is observed as a predominant extinction mechanism due to the effective application of spray in the base region of the fire. The present work provides the parametric study of the extinction establishing the feasibility of the water mist system with a base injection for extinguishing tank fires. This may serve as guidelines for the preliminary design of the system with the extension for larger tank fires. 相似文献
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Conveyor belt fires in an underground mine pose a serious life threat to miners. Water sprinkler systems are usually used to extinguish underground conveyor belt fires, but because of the complex interaction between conveyor belt fires and mine ventilation airflow, more effective engineering designs are needed for the installation of water sprinkler systems. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate the interaction between the ventilation airflow, the belt flame spread, and the water spray system in a mine entry. The CFD model was calibrated using test results from a large-scale conveyor belt fire suppression experiment. Simulations were conducted using the calibrated CFD model to investigate the effects of sprinkler location, water flow rate, and sprinkler activation temperature on the suppression of conveyor belt fires. The sprinkler location and the activation temperature were found to have a major effect on the suppression of the belt fire, while the water flow rate had a minor effect. 相似文献
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通过实验和计算证明CO2浓度分析是评价含添加剂细水雾灭火有效性的简单而有效方法.采用燃烧分析仪测定细水雾灭火实验过程中的CO2浓度,比较含不同添加剂细水雾和纯水细水雾在同一实验控制条件下的CO2浓度变化规律,利用CO2浓度变化规律判断含添加剂细水雾灭火的效率.根据上述规律,可从两方面比较细水雾的灭火效率:一是CO2的最高浓度.CO2达到的最大浓度小,则燃烧过程中的热释速率小或灭火时间短,说明细水雾抑制燃烧的效果较好.二是施加细水雾后CO2浓度变化率.CO2浓度变化率小,燃烧过程中的热释速率就小,说明细水雾抑制燃烧的效果较好. 相似文献
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The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between the dispersibility and fire-extinguishing capability of aqueous ferrocene dispersions containing gemini surfactants belonging to the same series, namely, olfin E1020, olfin PD 201, and surfynol 465. In this study, the dispersibility and ability to suppress pool fires were characterized by turbidity and extinguishing time, respectively. Ultrasonication enabled easy preparation of the aqueous dispersions of ferrocene powder containing the gemini surfactants. Visual observations and turbidity measurements clearly demonstrated that the order of dispersibility was as follows: ferrocene dispersion containing surfynol 465 ≥ ferrocene dispersion containing olfin E1020 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin PD201. Fire suppression experiments indicated that the ferrocene diameter, in the ferrocene diameter range of 10.4–21.5 μm, negligibly influenced the extinguishing time. Furthermore, for the same ferrocene samples as were used for the turbidity measurements, the order of extinguishing ability was as follows: ferrocene dispersion containing surfynol 465 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin E1020 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin PD201; thus, the extinguishing ability was identical to the dispersibility order. 相似文献