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1.
    
Currently, novel energy resources are receiving increasing attention as a response to the limitation in fossil fuels as well as their adverse effects on human health. Hydrogen, one of the most abundant elements on the earth, can be regarded as a new energy source to replace fossil fuels. Therefore, safety assessment of the relating processes is very crucial by increasing use of hydrogen as a fuel source. In this regard, consequence analysis for risk assessment and power reduction is very important. The present study aims at modeling hydrogen dispersion along with consequence analyses for such events as jet fire and flash fire. The model was validated by using the data derived from a study on hydrogen leakage in supply pipelines in the laboratory of the University of Pisa. Modeling results reveal that ambient conditions will impose a milder impact on leakage consequences if internal pressure is high in release source. The safe distance was also estimated to be 14 m. Dispersion consequence modeling was performed, followed by the evaluation of the effect of environmental (i.e., stability, ambient temperature, surface roughness, wind speed, and humidity) and process (i.e., vessel temperature and pressure, leakage diameter, and releasing point height) parameters on maximum size flammable vapor cloud and maximum level jet fire radiation on the ground. The size of flammable vapor cloud (consequence dispersion index) and the maximum flux of radiation were affected by process parameters more than ambient parameters. Leakage diameter and the vessel pressure were found to have the highest impact on the operational parameters.  相似文献   

2.
应用Phoenics软件针对广州市南沙区小虎岛某化工厂储罐区火灾进行数值模拟,探讨基于CFD软件化工储罐区火灾数值模拟关键技术.计算结果直观地表达了火灾发生的全过程,以及不同时间、不同位置烟气的温度、浓度、能见度等参数的变化情况,分析事故状态下破坏影响范围,揭示火灾过程的规律性,给出灭火救援建议.  相似文献   

3.
介绍了运用火灾爆炸危险指数法对液化石油气储罐和加油站内埋地汽油罐进行安全评价的实例,主要是估算其发生爆炸可能影响的范围以及所造成的损失,并提出相应的安全对策。  相似文献   

4.
石油库储罐区池火灾事故后果模拟探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
石油库储罐区火灾、爆炸事故危害巨大.通过对某石油库储罐区池火灾事故后果进行预测评价,对石油库储罐区池火灾事故后果模拟方法进行了讨论和对比,为石油库安全管理、安全评价和应急救援预案编制提供有益的探索.  相似文献   

5.
李新川 《安全》2019,40(1):34-36
国内储罐火灾爆炸事故时有发生,储罐消防冷却系统实施有效的冷却是控制火势和扑救初期火灾的主要因素之一。为了研究油罐消防喷淋系统在灭后冷却中的影响,本文选取4座5×10~3内浮顶罐组,开展消防冷却水系统喷洒实验,通过测试分析发现:实际的冷却水供给强度不满足规范的要求,并探讨了储罐固定冷却水系统供给强度不足的原因,结合分析的原因建议对规范中着火罐和临近罐供水强度要求统一均为2.5 L/(min·m^2),其冷却水喷淋圈管设置应为四段以上。  相似文献   

6.
大型原油商业储备油库火灾危险性数值模拟分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
石油储备油库多向大型化、复杂化方向发展,发生事故时扑救非常困难。为了深入探讨巨型油罐火灾发展趋势与规律、事故危害后果,结合宁夏惠安堡原油商业储备油库这一工程实例,采用基于大涡模拟的FDS模型作为模拟计算平台,对巨型油罐火灾的燃烧过程进行数值模拟计算。通过分析计算,得到烟气分布、温度分布、热辐射强度分布等火灾过程参数的变化趋势,以及在有风和无风状态下着火罐对相邻油罐的影响,探讨现行建设工程消防技术标准就储罐防火间距、火灾时对邻近罐体冷却设计要求运用于巨型储油罐时的消防安全状况,为巨型储油罐消防安全科学合理设计提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
为及时有效地抑制石油储罐内发生火灾后的初始火焰,防止火势蔓延后造成更为严重的连锁爆炸事故,研发1种由火灾快速探测系统和快速喷粉系统组成的快速灭火系统,并通过进行性能试验对此系统在石油储罐内的灭火效果进行验证。结果表明:火焰探测系统在探测器距火焰5 m范围内检验并输出报警信号的时间小于50 ms;快速喷粉装置在装粉量为5 kg时,可在310 ms内完成阀门开启至喷粉结束的整个过程。灭火系统可快速检测到火焰并使灭火剂快速有效地达到灭火点,避免火灾发生,具有一定工程应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
火电厂液氨储罐单元存在大量高纯度的液氨,一旦发生火灾、爆炸,后果极其严重。为了研究液氨储罐的火灾爆炸危险性及毒性,在对火电厂液氨储罐危险性辨识的基础上,依据液氨储罐单元的主要参数,运用蒙德法分别确定评价中需要的各种危险性系数,从而进行各项指标计算,查询危险性等级表,将各项指标进行等级划分,结论表明各项危险等级都很高。在得出结论基础上,进行安全措施补偿评价,补偿后的各种危险等级均降低,可见采取补偿措施后能够一定程度的降低火灾、爆炸、毒性的危险性,防止事故的发生。  相似文献   

9.
油罐清洗作业火灾预防措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
油罐清洗是石油化工行业一项基本的业务活动.目前大型原油储罐、成品油储罐正在逐步推广应用自动机械清洗系统进行清罐作业,而对于容量小、沉积物较少的油罐国内仍然采用人工清洗方式进行.本文分析了油罐人工清洗作业过程中容易引发火灾的原因的基础上,从严格执行规章制度、处理好清洗废物,控制和消除引火源等几方面相应提出了预防火灾措施.  相似文献   

10.
由于windows操作系统的大面积使用,使得基于windows操作系统的Direct3D技术在游戏开发和三维仿真方面日益重要,已经成为事实上的3D标准,基于.NET Framework的3D技术的开发也是未来一个趋势,本文研究建立了描述危险性液体储罐泄漏过程的数值模型,基于.NETFramework,运用Direct3D技术开发了动态模拟软件,不仅实现了泄漏过程的三维动态效果,提高仿真的逼真程度,而且可以获取泄漏速率、泄漏量、液面高度和时间的关系。实例分析结果表明,本文所建立的数值模型和仿真方法是可行的,模拟仿真结果为危险性液体储罐泄漏事故后果定量风险评价和事故应急救援提供理论依据和基础数据,也可以应用于科研方面,进一步研究液体储罐泄漏机理,节省研究时人力物力和时间的消耗。  相似文献   

11.
    
Safety of people has been the most important concern since the onset of commercial use of Compressed Natural Gas1 as a novel type of vehicle fuel. Provided a car vessel bursts, irreversible consequences will surface. The most important hazard threatening people and their properties in CNG distribution stations is pressurized natural gas in station storage vessels and car vessels. Storage vessels are far from people; however, they may damage other properties such as pipes, valves, electrical equipment, and etc. Owing to the distance between storage vessels and the hive, the risk is not considered a big concern; on the contrary, car storage vessel is very close to the passengers sitting in the car and those standing around the car. The proximity heightens the risk as the consequences caused by vessel burst can be more catastrophic than the former condition. Taken together, the car CNG vessel burst may be regarded as the most hazardous event at CNG distribution centers. It is believed that modeling the mentioned events can illustrate risky conditions. The present study was formulated in order to model one of such accidents occurring in Azad-Shahr in the winter 2010. The obtained results provided useful points and recommendations like the minimum safe distance from rupture center depending on such outcomes as overpressure, types of fire, or toxic release. The recommendations provided by the present study can prevent people from calamitous events and they can be adopted so as to reduce severity of possible events.  相似文献   

12.
为研究油气储罐区多米诺事故中耦合效应对事故扩展的影响,通过借鉴不同领域耦合效应的定义及内涵,提出多米诺事故中耦合效应的定义,并构建多灾种多因素耦合情景及耦合效应影响因素图;针对某一罐区,运用贝叶斯网络模型分析发生池火灾时热辐射的耦合效应,借助Netica软件探讨某储罐发生池火灾时事故的最大可能传播路径。结果表明:储罐受到多热辐射的共同影响即多热辐射场耦合作用时,多米诺事故发生概率明显增大;当储罐V11发生池火灾时,为预防多米诺事故的发生,需要重点对储罐V21采取保护措施。  相似文献   

13.
为研究储罐区发生池火灾时多米诺效应对周围人员及临近储罐的影响,利用180号燃料油开展3组大尺度池火灾试验。首先将所测温度转化为相应的热辐射值与理论值进行对比;然后根据实测热辐射均值,结合人员伤害曲线,分析热辐射对周围人员的伤害情况;最后根据试验结果和理论分析得出临近储罐的损害概率。结果表明:风的速率和风向影响池火燃烧,从而影响其热辐射的传播,即风速越大,下风向接收的热辐射强度越大;风速越不稳定,热辐射波动越大;当热辐射强度足够高时,人员在很短的暴露时间内,即使在远离火灾的地方仍可能受到严重的伤害;压力储罐比常压储罐更容易发生二次事故。因此,池火灾发生时,为预防多米诺效应的发生,要优先给下风向压力储罐降温。  相似文献   

14.
    
Fire accidents of chemical installations may cause domino effects in atmospheric tank farms, where a large amount of hazardous substances are stored or processed. Pool fire is a major form of fire accidents, and the thermal radiation from pool fire is the primary hazard of domino accidents. The coupling of multiple pool fires is a realistic and important accident phenomenon that enhances the propagation of domino accidents. However, previous research has mostly focused on the escalation of domino accidents induced by a single pool fire. To overcome the drawback, in this study, the failure of a storage tank under the coupling effect of multiple pool fires was studied in view of spatial and temporal synergistic process. The historical accident statistics indicated that the accident scenario of two-pool fires accounted for 30.6% in pool fires. The domino accident scenario involving three tanks is analyzed, and the typical layout of tanks is isosceles right triangle based on Chinese standard “GB50341-2014”. The thermal response and damage of a target tank heated by pool fires were numerically investigated. The volume of 500 m3, 3000 m3, 5000 m3 and 10000 m3 were selected. Flame temperature was obtained by FDS, and then was input onto the finite element model. The temperature field and stress field of target tanks were simulated by ABAQUS. The results showed that the temperature rise rate of the target tanks under multiple pool fires was higher than that under a single pool fire. The failure time of the tank under the coupling effect of multiple fires was lower than that under the superposition of multiple fires without the first stage. The stress and yield strength were compared to judge the failure of the target tank. The model of failure time for the tank under the coupling effect of pool fires was established. Through the verification, the deviation of this model is 4.02%, which is better than the deviation of 15.76% with Cozzani's model.  相似文献   

15.
随着油品储罐区规模的不断扩大,近年来多储罐火灾事故呈上升趋势。现有的储罐防火间距是在以往事故经验的基础上设定的,通过罐组内的火灾多米诺效应概率计算,可从风险的角度为罐组内储罐防火间距的设定提供理论依据。通过综合考虑火灾环境下受辐射储罐失效时间和着火储罐火灾得到控制时间,确定了罐组内火灾多米诺效应的判定原则,并在火灾得到控制时间模型和储罐失效时间模型的基础上建立了火灾多米诺效应概率计算模型。以2万立外浮顶原油储罐为例进行模拟计算,得出在现行标准给出的防火间距下,发生罐组火灾多米诺效应的概率为3.94×10-8/a-1,属于可接受风险,为罐组内储罐的合理布局提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

16.
为研究储罐区发生池火灾时多米诺效应对周围人员及临近储罐的影响,利用180号燃料油开展3组大尺度池火灾试验。首先将所测温度转化为相应的热辐射值与理论值进行对比;然后根据实测热辐射均值,结合人员伤害曲线,分析热辐射对周围人员的伤害情况;最后根据试验结果和理论分析得出临近储罐的损害概率。结果表明:风的速率和风向影响池火燃烧,从而影响其热辐射的传播,即风速越大,下风向接收的热辐射强度越大;风速越不稳定,热辐射波动越大;当热辐射强度足够高时,人员在很短的暴露时间内,即使在远离火灾的地方仍可能受到严重的伤害;压力储罐比常压储罐更容易发生二次事故。因此,池火灾发生时,为预防多米诺效应的发生,要优先给下风向压力储罐降温。  相似文献   

17.
"燃烧假人"测试方法中燃烧系统设计研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
“燃烧假人”测试方法中火场环境生成是对服装整体阻燃性能进行定量评估的前提,而燃烧系统设计是实现具有可重复性、一致性、均匀性等特点火场环境的关键。本文对燃烧系统的需求进行了分析,对其构成及设计思路进行了研究,提出了一种解决方案。  相似文献   

18.
对油罐火灾中着火罐罐壁和邻近罐罐壁的温度分布进行了科学分析,并进行了罐壁冷却实验研究,研究不同油罐罐壁材质对冷却效果的的影响,以及有热源作用和无热源作用罐壁在不同流量冷却水作用下的温度变化规律。结果表明,不同罐壁材质对冷却效果的影响不大,在实际火灾中可忽略罐壁材质的影响;流量越大,冷却速度越快,但达到火灾冷却要求时,不同大小流量冷却水的冷却效果差异并是很大,合适的供水强度是油罐高效冷却的前提。对油罐火灾冷却力量的部署提出了优化原则,为防灭火工作提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
为研究储罐区发生池火灾时多米诺效应对周围人员及临近储罐的影响,利用180号燃料油开展3组大尺度池火灾试验。首先将所测温度转化为相应的热辐射值与理论值进行对比;然后根据实测热辐射均值,结合人员伤害曲线,分析热辐射对周围人员的伤害情况;最后根据试验结果和理论分析得出临近储罐的损害概率。结果表明:风的速率和风向影响池火燃烧,从而影响其热辐射的传播,即风速越大,下风向接收的热辐射强度越大;风速越不稳定,热辐射波动越大;当热辐射强度足够高时,人员在很短的暴露时间内,即使在远离火灾的地方仍可能受到严重的伤害;压力储罐比常压储罐更容易发生二次事故。因此,池火灾发生时,为预防多米诺效应的发生,要优先给下风向压力储罐降温。  相似文献   

20.
    
Incidental release of toxic chemicals can pose extreme danger to life in the vicinity. Therefore, it is crucial for emergency responders, plant operators, and safety professionals to have a fast and accurate prediction to evaluate possible toxic dispersion life-threatening consequences. In this work, a toxic chemical dispersion casualty database that contains 450 leak scenarios of 18 toxic chemicals is constructed to develop a machine learning based quantitative property-consequence relationship (QPCR) model to estimate the affected area caused by toxic chemical release within a certain death rate. The results show that the developed QPCR model can predict the toxic dispersion casualty range with root mean square error of maximum distance, minimum distance, and maximum width less than 0.2, 0.4, and 0.3, which indicates that the constructed model has satisfying accuracy in predicting toxic dispersion ranges under different lethal consequences. The model can be further expanded to accommodate more toxic chemicals and leaking scenarios.  相似文献   

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