Toward an integrative approach of the industrial risk management process in France

Management in the field of environmental protection and risk prevention has evolved to the increasing participation of all stakeholders in the decision-making process. It certainly results from the development of the Information society and the global increase of knowledge of the population, combined with the concerns of the populations related to a sustainable development of our civilisation. Our ‘risk society’, following the big industrial disasters (Flixborough,Tchernobyl, Bhopal, Challenger, and more recently Toulouse), has also developed a cautious attitude towards the role of the expertise when it comes to assessing risks, along with a question of the ability of science to give definite answers.

This has lead in particular to the adoption of the Aarhus convention in 1998 and the evolution of several regulations in the developed countries. For example, in France the new law no. 2003–699 of 30 July 2003 about the ‘prevention of the technological and natural risks and to the compensation for the damages’ has introduced an important innovation into the process of technological risks prevention.

This law has enabled the involvement of the stakeholders in the decision-making process related to risk prevention and has urged the development of specific tools to deal with the complexity of risk management issues, in particular for those related to land-use planning.

As technical support to decision-makers in risk management from both public and private sectors, INERIS has played an important role for the evolution of the French risk management system.

This paper describes an analysis on the difficulty to control major accident hazards in an evolving context where the industrial systems becomes more and more complex and where the expectations of the civil society has increased. Then, the authors describe how an integrated vision for industrial risk management has emerged in France and is being implemented in a new law adopted after the Toulouse disaster.     

Developing a new alternative risk assessment framework in the work sites by including a stochastic and a deterministic process: A case study for the Greek Public Electric Power Provider

An individual method cannot achieve the optimum risk-assessment result in the worksites, and future perspectives should focus on the parallel application of a deterministic approach with a stochastic approach. In particular, the risk analysis and assessment techniques of the deterministic (DET) approach are classified into three main categories: (a) the qualitative, (b) the quantitative, and (c) the hybrid techniques (qualitative-quantitative, semi-quantitative). Furthermore, the stochastic (STO) approach includes the classic statistical approach (CSA) and the accident forecasting modeling (AFM). The objective of this paper is triple: (a) the presentation and classification of the main risk analysis and risk assessment methods and techniques of the deterministic approach and the stochastic approach as well, (b) the development and presentation of a new alternative risk assessment framework (called as STODET) including a stochastic and a deterministic process, and (c) the application of STODET in the Greek Public Power Corporation (PPC) by using occupational accidents that have been recorded, during the 17-year period of 1993-2009. In particular, the STODET application proves that required actions (or suppressive measures) are essential and must be taken in a medium-term period (1 working year) for abolishing the hazard sources.     

Assessment model for equipment risk management: Petrochemical industry cases

This study presents an assessment model that examines quantity and quality factors for equipment risk management in the petrochemical industry. The proposed model has five dimensions—financial performance, logistical support, service level, learning and innovation, and risk control. This evaluation model uses 13 strategy subjects and 78 performance-measurement indicators. Performance assessment indicators are initially established and revised based on expert opinions collected via a questionnaire. Further, the analytical network process (ANP) is utilized to calculate the weights of indicators in each layer and to construct assessment models with applicable and valuable references. To determine model practicability, this study assesses four subsidiaries of the case company. Each subsidiary has a capitalization exceeding TWD 50 billion. In addition to evaluating company performance in terms of each dimension and indicator, the proposed model provides a valuable reference for decision-making in equipment risk management.     

Implementation and evaluation of the Safety Element Method at four mining sites

The Safety Element Method (SEM) is a method for improvements of safety results and safety approaches in the Norwegian mining industry. The method is developed by users and researchers in co-operation. The main approach of the method is that a group of organisational members assesses the current and desired situation for their own organisation within defined areas. Based on this assessment they work out a strategy and action plan to reach the internal goals for desired achievement, i.e. the desired situation defined. This article presents the implementation of the method in four mining companies and evaluates the method for its construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, how the method functions and is accepted among the users. The results show that the opinions regarding the experiences with the method are, on the whole, positive. The method is regarded as a valuable approach towards safety improvements. Subjective assessments play a prominent role in SEM, but these assessments are supported by an extensive review of empirical data such as accident reports, interview results and a questionnaire. This means that the internal assessments correspond well to the safety results of the companies and also to the independent external reviews carried out by the researcher.     

风险管理在城市地铁工程中的应用初探

地铁工程作为一项大型工程项目,存在着大量的不确定性风险因素.这些不确定性风险因素加大了地铁施工技术的难度,严重地影响着地铁工程建设目标的实现.笔者从风险因素辨识、风险分析和评估、风险响应 3个方面详细分析了一般大型工程项目风险管理的研究现状;探讨了地铁工程风险的定义、风险管理的定义及其内涵;指出城市地铁建设进行风险评估和管理是非常必要的.     

关于日本风险管理体系工业标准的制定

简述了日本风险管理体系工业标准的出台背景、主要特点及意义,笔者通过对该标准出台的分析、研讨和深思,提出了探索具有中国特色且符合国际标准化潮流的企业风险管理机制和建立企业全面风险管理体系的建议.     

运用风险管理理念,提高灭火救援水平

根据消防部队灭火救援工作中的职业危险,引入了风险管理理念.笔者运用安全系统工程的理论和方法,建立了灭火救援工作的风险管理方法以及风险识别、风险评价的方法和步骤,并针对当前的情况,提出风险控制的具体措施.该方法简单,易于操作.在安全管理工作中应用风险管理方法,根据现有资料和知识经验,针对部门的具体情况,找出灭火救援工作中存在的风险,并对各种风险及其危险程度进行评价,在此基础上,采取相应的控制措施.分析和研究表明,运用风险管理有利于控制或减少消防人员在灭火救援中存在的风险,防范事故发生,提高灭火救援的水平.     

海上生产设施远程监控和管理系统的建设探讨

针对海洋石油行业面临的海上作业设施如何安全有效监控及管理的问题,从实际的安全生产管理需求出发,结合通信网络链路及传输特点,采用先进的远程监控技术和海洋石油应急管理理念,设计开发了海上生产设施远程监控和管理系统平台,并论述了总体框架、软硬件结构及发展趋势。系统已经作为保障安全生产的重要手段应用于海上作业平台及船舶运输,提高了安全生产管理水平,并取得了很好的效果。     

安全工程的大实践──铁路行车安全车机联控与劳动安全站区联控

叙述了广州铁路集团公司行车安全车机联控与劳动安全站区联控的基本做法和主要经验，提出了发展和完善“双联控”，使之成为铁路运输管理的一项基本制度和管理模式需要解决的问题。     

刍议企业风险管理与安全管理

企业系统风险管理是以最低成本实现最佳安全生产保障的一种科学管理方法。文章着重从风险管理的内涵和风险管理技术等方面进行了初步探讨;并指出有效的风险管理不仅能改变我国安全生产工作的被动局面,而且有利于对企业安全生产进行风险管理决策     

建立我国工业事故风险管理制度的探讨

简要论述工业事故风险管理的要素和风险评价方法，提出建立适合我国市场经济体制的工业事故风险管理制度，制定适合各行业特点的事故风险标准值和风险分析评价方法，将风险管理与工伤保险和事故预防有机地结合起来等建议。     

压力容器的风险管理

压力容器的本质安全直接关系石油化工等行业的HSE本质,而HSE核心理念的风险管理又决定着压力容器的本质安全。结合锅炉水预热器腐蚀泄漏的案例,对压力容器的本质安全与HSE的风险管理从设计、制造到使用管理全程进行了分析解读,认为压力容器的本质安全取决于设计、制造直至使用管理全过程风险管理的践行,由此给出了合理化建议。     

化工园区智慧化管理模式研究

化工园区是一个高风险区域,任何一个环节失控都有可能造成难以估量的后果,一个有效的管理模式就显得十分重要.智慧化管理通过物理和信息化手段,采取精细化管理方式,形成集卡口、监控、车辆、环保、执法、应急于一体的综合管理模式,有效实现了线上线下联动、事先事中事后全程、预警执法应急并举,为化工园区管理提供了新思路.     

Ethics and fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria

Ethics are concerned with distinguishing between what actions are “right” and “wrong” and what values are “good” and “bad”, etc. and there is a long academic tradition in discussing ethics and ethical theories. Risk acceptance criteria, on the other hand, distinguish between levels of risks that are acceptable and levels that are intolerable. In some sense, one may say that risk acceptance criteria distinguishes between “good” and “bad” systems and activities with regards to the risk they expose the society or elements of a society to and there is thus an obvious link between ethics and risk acceptance criteria or to risk management at large. However, there are few references in the literature that explores this link, and in this paper, the ethical foundation of fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria will be elaborated upon.This paper considers some important principles for establishing risk acceptance criteria for safety critical systems and activities. The various principles and the philosophies behind them might at first sight seem contradictory and exclusive, but it is demonstrated how they may coexist in one and the same regulatory regime; They may complement each other in order to achieve the overall safety objectives of society. Then, some brief considerations of the ethical foundations for the principles will be given and some relevant examples of actual risk acceptance criteria will be given from the maritime industries. However, it is believed that the principles and discussions are of general interest and apply to all areas of technical risk and to safety regulations in a broader perspective.     

Occupational risks and the value and modelling of a measurement of severity

In studies of occupational risks, severity, which is a component of the estimation of every risk, appears as a multifaceted entity assessable according to numerous criteria. A method of measuring the degree of severity of the consequences of potentially dangerous events would be of undeniable value to organisations seeking to improve their understanding of the complexity of such events. The need to control severity is highlighted by scientifically acquired improvements in the understanding of occupational risks, by certain new regulatory obligations in Europe, and by some requirements in the financial management of organisations. We put forward a statistical way of integrating several constituent elements of severity and hence of determining a relevant, synthetic, one-dimensional index. This is achieved by means of principal component analysis (PCA), which is used here to calculate a resultant severity, as in some physical measurements. We also investigate how severity may be statistically modelled, with the aim of contributing to the quantitative assessment of occupational risks. The choice of parametric models is detailed and illustrated by the search for a suitable model for workplace accidents in an organisational setting. The practical value of modelling severity is two-fold. First, one is able to study the distribution of the numerical values of severity over a continuum (a theoretically infinite numerical set) rather than through a limited number of arbitrarily defined categories. Second, with a generally applicable parametric model, one can estimate the law of probability of a measurement of severity in a particular situation, notably recent or new. Lastly, the statistical concept of risk curve is defined and discussed. The goal is to incorporate the severity component into the risk assessment in the form of a probability law, thus circumventing the difficulties associated with an analysis of scenarios.