中国环境保护产业协会环境影响评价行业分会2015年会员代表大会召开

<正>中国环境保护产业仂哙环境影响评价行业分会会员代表大会近日在云南省昆明市召开。会议围绕环境影响评价如何在源头防控和推动经济社会绿色化转型中发挥作用,在脱钩改制后如何发挥行业协会作用、倡导行业自律等问题展开了研讨。环评分会的会员单位集中了绝大多数的环评机构和环评工程师。会员单位的自律建设和自律制度的完善将很大程度上影响环评行业的健康有序发展,而环评机构和环评工程师如何提高自身专业性,尤其是高水平、科学、准确、公正地提供环评审批依据,也将直接影响环评制度能否落实。     

考虑非独立保护层影响的LOPA改进策略研究

针对LOPA在识别保护层方面的局限性,通过考虑非独立保护层的影响,将非独立保护层分为不满足有效性与不满足独立性2类进行分析,针对不同类型的非独立保护层分别应用引入削减系数以及与故障树分析（FTA）集成的方法对传统LOPA进行改进,并结合具体案例验证其适用性。研究结果表明:改进方法的计算结果较传统方法计算结果降低了1个数量级,避免了传统方法过于保守的评价结果;通过对传统方法的改进,克服了LOPA在识别保护层方面以及场景频率计算方面的局限性,有助于拓展其使用范围。     

国土空间总体规划分级环评机制研究

经过近20年的实践与发展,我国规划环评制度逐步得到建立健全,形成覆盖资源、环境、生态等方面的评价体系,并在近几年完善了规划环评前置依据,加强了空间引导性,拓展了评价对象。当前,全国国土空间总体规划纲要已编制完成,我国即将迎来以国土空间规划为基础的国土空间开发保护制度,规划环评也应进行调整优化。基于我国规划环评制度发展的回顾与态势研判,对国土空间总体规划“双评价”与现行规划环评在编制内容与机制上的兼容性与冲突进行分析,提出充实规划环评评估对象、建立国土空间总体规划分级环评与常态化评价实施监测机制的建议,以期为规划环评工作的开展提供参考。     

环评公众参与国际经验探讨与借鉴

通过对发达国家环境影响评价制度中公众参与的研究,探讨这些国家在实现公众参与有效性方面的经验,并对我国环评公众参与制度提出了若干建议,供我国环评工作者借鉴。     

国外安全生产事故独立调查机制的启示

事故调查的根本目的是为了找出导致事故发生的可能原因，进而提出防止类似事故再次发生的对策措施，而保持事故调查的独立性达成此根本目的起着至关重要的作用。从事故调查的独立性进行考虑，剖析了事故调查的法律制定、调查机构、经济支持、技术与司法调查分离、公众知情权等独立性表现，分析了我国目前事故调查的工作现状及存在的一些问题。对比分析了发达国家的事故调查机构的独立运作机制和特点。最后，针对上述问题，对我国安全生产事故独立调查机制的建立提出了一些建议。     

关于进一步加强环境影响评价机构管理的意见

<正>建设项目环境影响评价技术服务机构(以下简称环评机构)是建设项目环境影响报告书(表)(以下简称报告书(表))的法定编制机构。为规范环评从业行为,促进环评机构健康发展,现就进一步加强环评机构管理提出如下意见:一、充分认识加强环评机构管理的必要性截至2014年2月,全国共有环评机构1 158家,其中甲级机构192家,乙级机构966家。多年来,环评机构在环评工作中发挥了重要的技术支撑和技术服务作用,但也存在一些突出问题:环评机构发展仍不平衡,专业性的大型环评机构数量偏少,部分地     

关于支持和响应环保部开展全国环评机构专项整治行动的倡议书

<正>各会员单位及环评机构:日前,环境保护部为进一步规范环评机构从业行为,严肃查处环评机构出租出借环评资质、环评文件编制质量低劣,环评工程师"挂靠"等违规行为,促进环评技术服务业健康发展,开展全国环评机构专项整治行动。中国环境保护产业协会环境影响评价行业分会就带头响应、主动配合开展环评机构专项整治行动,在北京组织召开     

环评改革应着力建设有效的环评市场

从有效市场与有为政府的角度回顾分析了不同时期环评市场主体与相关方关系,重点分析了环评机构脱钩、取消环评资质、“备案+承诺”等制度实施前后环评市场结构的变化。认为“脱钩”和取消环评资质后市场结构失衡,部分项目审批改“备案+承诺”造成环评需求模糊化。提出激发建设单位对环评质量的内生需求,提高建设单位对环评质量判断的能力;坚持提供价值服务,有效响应多样化需求;做到环评审批监管与环评市场监督“两手抓、两手都要硬”三方面的建议。     

深入推进环评管理改革创新

环境影响评价是环境保护参与国家经济运行决策的第一窗口。为了提升环境影响评价质量,推进环评行业管理改革创新,近期,环保部门先后采取一系列行动,修订《建设项目环境影响评价资质管理办法》,深化推进环评资质管理;开展环评机构专项整治行动,规范环评技术市场秩序;促进环评与排污许可的深度融合,强化排污许可制度在环境管理中的核心地位;加强规划环评落地,利用规划环评推动绿色转型。     

规划环评中资源环境承载力评价存在问题与对策

通过对近年来36项规划环评报告书的统计梳理,总结规划环评中资源环境承载力评价现状,分析了目前规划环评中资源环境承载力评价在评价思路、评价流程、评价内容、评价方法等方面存在的问题。从明确评价思路、规范评价流程、将单要素评价和综合评价有机结合以充实评价内容、提高资源环境承载力评价技术方法的适用性以逐步实现定量评价等方面,提出了规范和提高规划环评中资源环境承载力有效性的对策和建议,以期使资源环境承载力评价能更好地为规划环评决策服务。     

论安全法律部门的独立性、交叉性和分支构成

为了使人们认识到安全法律部门在我国法律体系中的重要地位,安全法律部门是由哪些内容构成的,从而树立安全法律部门是独立的部门这样一种信念。以法学方法、社会学方法、比较方法等论述我国安全法律部门存在的独立性和交叉性,并从5个不同的角度论述安全法律部门的分支构成。其独立性在于其调整对象是独立于其他各部门法的财产、人身安全关系;其分支划分主要是安全工程建设法、安全民法、安全行政法、安全刑事责任法、安全诉讼法、安全商法、环境安全法、资源安全法、军事安全法等。因此,法学界要把安全法律部门提高到与环境资源法部门、劳动社会保障法部门并列的地位;立法部门要以各分支法为依据构建安全法律体系,克服长期以来在安全法认识上存在的杂乱、繁琐和重复等弊端。     

浅谈特种设备检验机构的独立性公正性和公益服务性

本文针对特种设备检验的社会化问题进行了探讨,着重对社会检验机构的独立性、公正性和公益服务性问题进行了分析。就如何更好的保证特种设备安全的情况下引进民间资本参与检验以及如何确保检验机构的公正性和公益服务性提出了自己的见解。     

保护层分析中独立保护层的识别研究

为阐述保护层分析(LOPA)中独立保护层(IPL)的识别规则,以及这些规则在实际应用中要注意的问题,以生产聚氯乙烯(PVC)的间歇聚合反应为例,对8个不同的LOPA场景进行分析,给出不同场景的IPL和要求时的失效概率(PFD),以及建议增加的IPL。分析结果表明,在进行IPL的识别时,应重点确认IPL的有效性和独立性。在评估IPL有效性时,应关注具有共同元件的IPL,IPL的行动能力、人员行动有效性及IPL的PFD等。在评估独立性时,应确保IPL独立于初始事件和同一场景中的其他IPL的任何构成元件。通过分析,发现PVC工艺中安全阀(PSV)设计、安全仪表功能(SIF)设计和人员行动等IPL中存在的问题,并提出相应的建议。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析

阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析，介绍如何通过人证物证材料，用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因，逐项加以分析，将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除，最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因，就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长，取证和数据可靠。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.