Combination of adsorption and biodegradation processes for textile effluent treatment using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid Orange 7-degrading microbial from anaerobic sequencing batch reactor which treating the azo dye-containing wastewater for more than 200 d was immobilized on spent granular activated carbon(GAC)through attachment.The GAC-biofilm configured packed column system showed the ability to decolorize...     

电芬顿氧化法处理酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水

为分解酸性橙Ⅱ分子结构中的偶氮键和萘环,提高酸性橙Ⅱ废水的可生化性,采用电芬顿氧化法处理质量浓度为300mg/L的酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水,研究了不同电流密度对电芬顿系统处理效率的影响.结果表明,在不同电流密度条件下,模拟废水ρ(CODCr)由377.8 mg/L快速降至276.9 mg/L时,消耗的电量分别为300 C(10.0 mA/cm2)、810 C(7.5 mA/cm2)、2 190 C(5.0mA/cm2)和1 710 C(2.5 mA/cm2),说明在高电流密度条件下,电芬顿反应器能够高效快速地分解酸性橙Ⅱ,同时消耗最低的电量.电芬顿系统处理出水的紫外可见光谱检测结果表明,在较高电流密度(7.5 mA/cm2)条件下,电芬顿系统仅需要10 min就能够基本完全分解酸性橙Ⅱ分子结构中的偶氮键和萘环,提高废水的可生化性.      

高盐条件下染料酸性橙7的生物降解特性

对偶氮染料废水厌氧-好氧生物处理中的高盐度抑制生物活性和芳香胺自氧化问题,通过多种强化策略,考察了NaCl为100g/L时酸性橙7(AO7)的生物降解特性.结果表明,加入葡萄糖(0.5g/L)、蛋白胨(1g/L)和酵母粉(0.5g/L)有利于高盐条件下AO7的生物降解.进水中加入酸性红B对AO7的脱色有加速作用.耐盐污泥中加入蒽醌形成的蒽醌-污泥自固定化体系可以促进AO7脱色,当蒽醌浓度为100mg/L时,AO7最大脱色率约为92%.以活性炭毡作为生物载体,厌氧和好氧体系均可实现稳定运行,且体系污泥沉降性良好,脱色速率达26.67mg/(L×h),且可有效抑制脱色中间产物1-氨基-2-萘酚的好氧自氧化,使COD去除率始终保持在90%以上.     

Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate by bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water

Bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC （granular activated carbon） was prepared and used as heterogeneous catalyst in the ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate （PS, S2O8 2-） process. The effect of initial pH, PS concentration, catalyst addition and stirring rate on the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 （AO7） was investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increased with an increase in PS concentration from 0.3 to 0.5 g/L and an increase in catalyst amount from 0.5 to 0.8 g/L. But further increase in PS concentration and catalyst addition would result in an unpronounced increase in decolorization efficiency. In the range of 300 to 900 r/min, stirring rate had little effect on AO7 decolorization. The catalyst stability was evaluated by measuring decolorization efficiency for four successive cycles.     

Decolorization of Orange II using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor with and without co-substrates

We investigated the decolorization of Orange II with and without the addition of co-substrates and nutrients under an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). The increase in COD concentrations from 900 to 1750 to 3730 mg/L in the system treating 100 mg/L of Orange II-containing wastewater enhanced color removal from 27% to 81% to 89%, respectively. In the absence of co-substrates and nutrients, more than 95% of decolorization was achieved by the acclimatized anaerobic microbes in the bioreactor treating 600 mg/L of Orange II. The decrease in mixed liquor suspended solids concentration by endogenous lysis of biomass preserved a high reducing environment in the ASBR, which was important for the reduction of the Orange II azo bond that caused decolorization. The maximum decolorization rate in the ASBR was approximately 0.17 g/hr in the absence of co-substrates and nutrients.     

阴极材料对三相三维电极反应器电解处理酸性橙7的影响研究

采用具有不同阴极材料的三相三维电极反应器,对300 mg/L酸性橙7(AO7)模拟废水进行处理研究,重点考察阴极材料对脱色率和反应体系矿化能力的影响,同时利用HPLC、UV-Vis、GC-MS等分析方法对·OH、H2O2以及降解产物进行测定,探讨了3种电极对AO7的降解行为.结果表明,在电压20 V条件下电解60 min后,活性炭纤维(ACF)、石墨和不锈钢等3种阴极体系对于AO7的脱色率均高于96%,三者之间没有明显差别.但是ACF体系对TOC的去除率可达到57.4%,高于其它两者.3种阴极体系中均有高活性的·OH和H2O2生成,但是ACF阴极体系中产生的浓度较高,从而决定了其具有较高的矿化能力.几种不同电极体系电解AO7过程中都遵循了相同的产生酮类和萘酚类物质的过程.     

Comparison of decolorization of reactive microorganisms isolated from various sources

Azo dyes are among the oldest man-made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries.About 10% - 15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N-substituted aromatic bio-transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to beenvironmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico-chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. Theorganisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes-Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow,Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black- were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper milleffluent treatment plant and tannery was tewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source wasanalyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange,Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.     

秸秆活性炭活化过一硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

将磷酸氢二铵((NH_4)_2HPO_4)作为活化剂制备秸秆活性炭(SAC),并用其活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).首先对活化前后的SAC进行FTIR表征,发现(NH_4)_2HPO_4活化后的SAC含氧官能团特征峰强度增强,可能有利于过一硫酸钾的活化.其次研究了活化剂浓度、SAC投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH、抑制剂对AO7降解效果的影响.结果表明,AO7脱色率随着活化剂浓度、SAC投加量、PMS浓度的增加而增加;同时在偏中性条件下,有利于SAC活化PMS脱色AO7;加入相同物质的量比(2000/1)的甲醇、叔丁醇、苯酚,55 min内AO7脱色率分别为88.4%、66.2%、13.4%,苯酚对反应抑制效果最好,表明SAC表面的硫酸根和羟基自由基在AO7脱色中起主要作用.最后通过紫外光谱扫描、气质联用(GC-MS)和TOC分析表明,AO7的偶氮键和萘环结构被破坏,生成含苯环类中间产物,最终矿化为二氧化碳和水,矿化率可达31.7%.     

不同活性炭活化过硫酸盐的效能及机理的规律研究

选取煤质活性炭(F400D)、木质活性炭(Norit)和椰壳活性炭(Youshi)作为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,通过动力学实验研究了不同活性炭对过硫酸盐的活化效能及机理,考察了氯化钠和碳酸钠对活性炭/过硫酸盐体系的影响.结果表明,3种活性炭/过硫酸盐体系均可实现橙黄G的高效去除,效能略有差异,依次为:F400D/PSNorit/PSYoushi/PS.活性炭对染料的去除包括吸附作用和活化过硫酸盐的氧化降解作用,吸附位点与活化位点在活性炭上具有不同的分布.活性炭/过硫酸盐体系对1~100 mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠有很强的耐受作用,适用于高盐废水中有机污染物的去除.1~10 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠对体系有明显的抑制作用.     

Rapid decolorization of Acid Orange II aqueous solution by amorphous zero-valent iron

Some problems including low treatment capacity, agglomeration and clogging phenomena, and short working life, limit the application of pre-treatment methods involving zero-valent iron (ZVI). In this article, ZVI was frozen in an amorphous state through a melt-spinning technique, and the decolorization effect of amorphous ZVI on Acid Orange II solution was investigated under varied conditions of experimental variables such as reaction temperature, ribbon dosage, and initial pH. Batch experiments suggested that the decolorization rate was enhanced with the increase of reaction temperature and ribbon dosage, but decreased with increasing initial solution pH. Kinetic analyses indicated that the decolorization process followed a first order exponential kinetic model, and the surface-normalized decolorization rate could reach 2.09 L/(m². min) at room temperature, which was about ten times larger than any previously reported under similar conditions. Recycling experiments also proved that the ribbons could be reused at least four times without obvious decay of decolorization rate and efficiency. This study suggests a tremendous application potential for amorphous ZVI in remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with azo dyes.     

固定床生物活性炭吸附天然有机物及其模型化研究

以日本长良川原水为研究对象,提高水处理出水水质为目标,研究了生物活性炭(BAC)小柱对原水中天然有机物(NOM)的去除效果。比较了不同NOM进水浓度时BAC小柱对其的去除率,研究了小柱层内及出水中NOM的相对分子量分布随着通水时间增加的变化情况,并利用结合了理想吸附溶液理论(IAST)的平推流表面扩散模型对出水中NOM的浓度进行模拟。结果表明,BAC小柱对不同浓度原水中NOM的去除率均高于相同试验条件下的粒状活性炭(GAC)小柱;BAC小柱对相对分子量分布为1000~5200g/mol内各分子量区间的有机物均可去除;平推流表面扩散模型对试验数据拟合结果较好。     

醌介导染料脱色菌株的分离鉴定及特性

实验分离获得1株能够利用醌化合物使磺酸化偶氮染料脱色的菌株JL,通过形态特征、16S rDNA与16S-23S区间序列分析表明,该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌(命名为Bacillus cereus JL).菌株JL使酸性大红3R脱色的最佳条件为葡萄糖浓度1g/L, pH值为5~7,温度30℃,接种量0.25g/L.蒽醌-2-磺酸(AQS)、蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸(AQDS)和2-羟基-1,4-萘醌(Lawsone)均能显著提高酸性大红3R的脱色速率,其中AQS的促进作用最为明显.研究发现, 0.1mmol/L AQS能够使菌株JL对2.0mmol/L酸性大红3R保持较高的脱色速率,而且能使多种偶氮染料脱色,表现出较好的底物广谱性.利用高效液相色谱-质谱鉴定了AQS介导的酸性大红3R脱色产物,表明酸性大红3R的偶氮键发生断裂, AQS在这一过程中仅起到电子传递的作用.     

硼酸和磷酸对PMS/Co2+均相催化氧化有机物的影响因素与机制

基于过一硫酸盐（PMS）的高级氧化方法被广泛用于有机污染物的降解.本研究以富电子偶氮染料酸性橙7（AO7）为目标有机物,探究了在硼酸（路易斯酸）和磷酸（布朗斯台德酸）两种不同类型的缓冲液中,PMS/Co²⁺均相催化氧化降解有机物的差异、影响因素及作用机制.PMS/Co²⁺均相催化氧化体系在磷酸盐缓冲液中降解有机物的k值高于其在硼酸盐缓冲液中,而在磷酸盐缓冲液中的前10 s降解率却低于其在硼酸盐缓冲液中.该体系氧化降解有机物在硼酸和磷酸缓冲液中的差异随着缓冲液、PMS浓度、Co²⁺浓度和pH的变化而有所不同.PMS/Co²⁺体系在磷酸盐缓冲液中主要通过SO₄^-·或·OH氧化降解有机物,在硼酸盐缓冲液中,PMS/Co²⁺体系主要通过非自由基途径（¹O₂）降解有机物.该研究将为PMS均相催化中不同类型缓冲液的应用提供参考.     

Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge

Introduction Adsorptionisrelevantinenvironmentalpollutionandprotectionwithreferencetowaterandwastewatertreatment(Bowen,1992).Toxicmaterials,hazardousionsanddyes fromindustrialeffluentsbythewayofadsorptionareofgreatsignificantinconnectionwithenvironmentala…     

负载型纳米TiO2/AC对偶氮染料的光催化降解研究

以钛酸四丁酯和粒状活性炭(AC)为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备出负载型纳米TiO2/AC催化剂.在流化床反应器中分别对2种典型的偶氮类染料橙黄G、活性艳红X-3B模拟废水进行了光催化降解研究,探讨了pH值、外加氧化剂对光催化降解率的影响,并对催化剂进行了回收再生利用试验.结果表明,TiO2/AC催化剂具有良好的光催化活性、吸附特性及可再生性,60 min后对2种染料反应的光催化降解率分别可达到99.71%和97 12%,反应180 min后的TOC去除率分别达到81.54%和81.99%;反应后TiO2/AC催化剂回收率大于95%,经焙烧再生后对橙黄G反应60 min的光催化降解率仍高达95.93%.     

逆电渗析反应器阴、阳极联合降解酸性橙Ⅱ实验研究

通过对由溶液浓差能驱动的逆电渗析(RED)反应器阴、阳极联合降解酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水串、并联两种流程的实验研究,结果发现:在膜电势作用下,有机废水流经RED反应器阴、阳极时会生成两种强氧化剂—次氯酸(HClO)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2),在强氧化剂的作用下废水中有机物会发生氧化降解.在通过正交实验方法获得的最佳操作条件下,对1 L浓度为150 mg·L~(-1)酸性橙Ⅱ模拟废水进行20 min的降解实验.3次实验结果表明,串、并联流程的酸性橙Ⅱ平均降解率分别为59.26%和87.93%,平均脱色率分别为57.08%和86.87%,均低于RED阴、阳极独立降解时的降解率和脱色率.原因在于:在联合降解条件下反应器阴、阳极之间的产物会相互干扰,使得废水中有机物降解率降低.但降解过程中循环废水的pH值可以保持稳定.     

超声波协同活性碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用超声波(US)和活性碳纤维(ACF)协同活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).在US/ACF/PMS体系中,当ACF投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1),n(PMS)/n(AO7)为20/1,US功率密度为10 W·cm~(-2)时,反应30 min后,AO7完全降解.其中,初始pH对AO7降解有较大的影响,pH为2.0时AO7降解效果最好;Cl~-对US/ACF/PMS体系降解AO7有促进作用,Cl-浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快;且ACF在重复使用4次时,协同US活化PMS对AO7仍具有较好的脱色率.通过总有机碳分析发现,US/ACF/PMS体系对染料AO7具有一定的矿化率.采用紫外可见光谱、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了分析,表明AO7分子中偶氮键及萘环结构均被破坏,并进一步矿化为CO_2和H_2O.     

反硝化菌的偶氮染料脱色研究

从活性污泥中分离到几株反硝化能力的偶氮染料脱色菌。它们在合成培养基吧有使大多数所试偶氮染料脱色,而在反硝化条件下很难使偶氮染料脱色,只有菌株１７在培养２０ｄ后才有较好的脱色效果。酵母粉等有机物作为生长因子时,对菌株１７反硝化条件下的偶氮染料脱色有非常明显的促进作用;     

好氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥细菌种群结构对五氯酚污染的响应研究

应用一种新的微生物分子生态学方法--末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)法研究了好氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥在毒性化合物五氯酚(PCP)影响下的废水处理性能及其微生物种群结构的响应.结果表明,PCP浓度为30 mg·L-1时,颗粒污泥和活性污泥的COD去除率为38%、77%,与10～20 mg·L-1 PCP相比,分别下降了56%和15%.另外,PCP浓度为20 mg·L-1时,去除率为13%和58%,与10～20 mg·L-1 PCP相比,分别下降了86%和40%,说明PCP对氨氮去除率的影响大于对COD去除率的影响,对颗粒污泥的影响大于对活性污泥的影响.PCP对好氧颗粒污泥和活性污泥的细菌种群结构都产生了明显的影响,而且好氧颗粒污泥的变化程度大于活性污泥;PCP浓度为30 mg·L-1时,好氧颗粒污泥中的细菌种群数量明显下降,TRFs片段数从26下降到14,但活性污泥中的细菌种群数量基本不变,污泥中细菌种群结构的变化趋势与污泥的水处理性能的变化趋势相一致.     

活性炭非均相活化不同过硫酸盐降解偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ

研究了颗粒活性炭非均相活化过二硫酸盐和过一硫酸盐对水中偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ的降解效果。考察了过硫酸盐投加量、活性炭投加量、溶液初始pH值和无机阴离子对酸性橙Ⅱ降解率的影响,探究了不同过硫酸盐对染料降解效果差别的原因。结果表明:投加过二硫酸盐比过一硫酸盐的效果更好,偶氮染料浓度为20 mg/L,溶液中过n（PS）∶n（AOⅡ）为200∶1时降解率最高;颗粒活性炭投加量的增加有利于染料的去除,溶液处于酸性条件下染料降解率高于碱性条件,无机阴离子对酸性橙Ⅱ降解有抑制作用,产生于活性炭表面的自由基对染料的降解具有重要作用。