室内空气污染及防治对策

从室内空气污染的来源入手，分析了目前我国室内空气质量控制存在的主要问题，针对我国国情，从社会、经济、技术角度提出目前我国室内空气污染防治应首先着手解决实际问题和今后将要实施的行政管理策略及技术防治策略。     

依靠技术优势为社会公众提供室内空气质量检测服务

室内空气质量与人们的健康息息相关，近年来已成为百姓担心、领导关心、媒体关注的重要方面。天津市环科检测技术有限公司，依靠技术优势，面向社会公众开展专项室内空气质量检测服务。     

实时在线质谱在室内化学中的应用

室内空气化学组分复杂,包括各类氧化剂、挥发性有机物（volatile organic compounds,VOCs）等污染物.这些污染物会在空气中或室内表面发生均相和非均相反应生成危害性更大的二次有机污染物.检测室内空气中未被发现的新有机污染物并揭示其室内形成机制,不仅有助于更准确地评估室内空气质量,也有利于室内空气污染物的精准控制.本文总结了室内空气化学近十年的重要进展,并重点介绍了室内化学研究中3种代表性的实时在线质谱分析技术,这些实时在线质谱分析技术的应用极大促进了对室内污染物及其化学过程的理解,对评估室内空气暴露风险、精准防控室内空气污染、改善我国室内空气质量,具有重大意义.     

室内空气污染防治研究

本文综述国内外在室内空气污染问题这一新兴学科领域的研究成果,介绍主要的室内空气污染源和污染物,阐述室内空气污染模拟与预测的方法。最后分析防治室内空气污染的方法与措施,并对今后我国室内空气污染问题的研究进行展望。     

兰州市室内空气重金属污染水平与健康风险评价

为探究兰州市室内空气中重金属的污染程度及健康风险水平,于2018年9—12月在兰州市居民住宅采集室内空气样品,共设置了85个采样点.计算了室内空气中重金属Pb、Cd、As的浓度,并利用USEPA健康风险评价模型对居民经呼吸途径的健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,兰州市室内空气Pb、Cd和As的平均浓度分别为(0.0532±...     

广州市室内环境挥发性有机物的浓度水平

本文参照美国环保署的有关标准,分析不同类型的室内空气中挥发性有机物的组成和浓度水平,并分析了不同类型的室内空气中的主要污染物.     

光离子色谱在室内空气苯分析中的应用

用GC-PID和GC-FID两种方法分析了室内空气中的苯,实验表明,两种方法的分析结果具有很好的相关性;运用GC-PID方法,分析北京市一些室内空气中的苯,结果表明,装修对室内空气中苯的浓度影响较大,特别是装修不到一年的办公室,其空气中苯的浓度超标率最高,达到30．3％．     

室内空气中挥发性有机物污染与防治

论述了室内空气质量的重要性以及室内挥发性有机物（VOC）污染来源，介绍了评价V0C污染的量化指标VDC和减少室内VOC污染的措施和技术。     

室内空气和灰尘中全(多)氟烷基化合物的研究进展

全(多)氟烷基化合物(per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)在环境各个介质及人体样品中广泛被检出,近年,在室内空气和灰尘中也普遍发现PFASs.研究表明,室内空气中PFASs的含量普遍高于室外空气,室内空气和灰尘中的PFASs可能是室外空气的污染来源及人体暴露源,因此室内环境中PFASs成为环境领域的又一个研究热点.但目前为止,我国还没有开展室内空气中PFASs的相关研究,室内灰尘中PFASs的研究也相对较少.本文就室内空气和灰尘中PFASs的采样与分析方法、污染现状、来源分析及人体暴露等4个方面进行了综合阐述,以期为我国室内环境中PFASs的研究提供参考.     

保定市新装修室内空气污染特征及人体健康风险评价

为了解保定市新装修房屋室内空气污染特征及其对人体的健康影响，于2018年至2020年，在全市范围内选取装修完成半年内的住宅居室和办公场所共79处进行了环境空气样本采集，分析了其甲醛、TVOC和苯系物含量，并评估了甲醛暴露对成年人群造成的健康风险.结果表明，保定市新装修室内环境空气污染普遍存在且污染较为严重，其中住宅居室室内空气污染以甲醛和TVOC为主，办公场所室内空气污染以甲醛、TVOC和苯系物为主；室内甲醛浓度多分布在(0.10—0.15) mg·m^-3范围内，室内TVOC浓度多分布在(0.60—0.90)mg·m^-3范围内.健康风险评估结果显示，保定市住宅居室内装修环境空气甲醛呼吸暴露途径对成年人具有较高的致癌风险；办公场所室内装修环境空气甲醛呼吸暴露途径对成年人具有潜在致癌风险，且同样环境下，成年男性通过呼吸途径受到的甲醛致癌风险比女性更大.敏感分析结果表明，环境空气中的甲醛浓度和人的呼吸速率对风险评估结果影响较大.     

医院门诊室内空气质量评价

医院室内空气质量直接影响着院内每个人的身体健康,对医院空气进行定期监测是预防和控制医院感染的重要措施。对中国南部沿海某城市10所医院门诊空气质量状况进行了调查。结果发现,所调查门诊中室内二氧化碳、一氧化碳和可吸入颗粒物浓度均达至良好级别。但是,分别有两家门诊的室内温度和相对湿度未能达到良好级别,而且有8家门诊的空气中细菌总数未能达到良好级别。因此,本文建议相关医院采取相应的措施加强对门诊室内空气质量（尤其是细菌数量）的控制。     

基于空气负离子浓度的建筑室内空气清洁度评价

对深圳某办公楼部分房间的空气负离子浓度分布进行了观测研究,利用空气离子单极系数和安倍空气离子评价指数对不同设备制冷的办公室空气质量进行了评价分析。结果表明:自然通风状态下的空气清洁度比机械通风状态下高,利用可再生能源制冷技术的室内空气质量比普通空调制冷技术的好,放置负离子发生器对室内空气质量有显著提高。因此提高室内负离子浓度可以创造舒适的空气环境,并建议把空气负离子浓度列为室内环境的监测和评价指标,为今后城乡建设规划、城市林业规划和环境能源保护提供科学依据和设计思路。     

空气清新剂中挥发性有机物的组成及其对室内空气质量的潜在影响

研究调查了广州市各大型超市销售的14个品牌,15种不同香型,共26个盒装空气清新剂中挥发性有机物（VOCs）的成分.通过顶空GC-MS分析获得的结果可以看出各个空气清新剂的成分组成差别较大,即使是相同香型的产品,其中的化合物种类和百分比浓度都不尽相同.定性出94种化合物,包括烯烃18种,醇类15种,醛类14种,酮类4种,醚类5种,酚类1种,酯类25种及其它化合物12种,其中萜类化合物约占总化合物数量的40%.β-月桂烯、罗勒烯、苧烯、苯乙醇、乙酸苄酯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、伞花烃、1-甲基-4-（1-甲基乙烯基）苯、里拉醇等化合物在各种清新剂中出现频率为100%.空气清新剂中萜类化合物与臭氧反应,可生成二次有机气溶胶,对室内空气质量造成影响.     

Indoor air quality in elementary schools of Lisbon in spring

Analysis of indoor air quality (IAQ) in schools usually reveals higher levels of pollutants than in outdoor environments. The aims of this study are to measure indoor and outdoor concentrations of NO₂, speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyls at 14 elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal. The investigation was carried out in May–June 2009. Three of the schools were selected to also measure comfort parameters, such as temperature and relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), total VOCs, and bacterial and fungal colony-forming units per cubic metre. Indoor concentrations of CO₂ in the three main schools indicated inadequate classroom air exchange rates. The indoor/outdoor (I/O) NO₂ ratio ranged between 0.36 and 0.95. At the three main schools, the total bacterial and fungal colony-forming units (CFU) in both indoor and outdoor air were above the advised maximum value of 500 CFU/m³ defined by Portuguese legislation. The aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, followed by ethers, alcohols and terpenes, were usually the most abundant classes of VOCs. In general, the indoor total VOC concentrations were markedly higher than those observed outdoors. At all locations, indoor aldehyde levels were higher than those observed outdoors, particularly for formaldehyde. The inadequate ventilation observed likely favours accumulation of pollutants with additional indoor sources.     

Employment of passive sampling in monitoring indoor air quality in selected residences in a Tri-city area in Poland

Time-weighted average concentrations of selected volatile compounds were measured in chosen residences in a Tri-City area of Poland by means of passive sampling. The results were compared to those obtained by dynamic technique – sorption tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent. Results obtained by employing the two techniques were similar. Total volatile organic compound (TVOC) parameters were also determined. An attempt was also made to evaluate the influence of outdoor air pollutants on indoor air quality.     

室内空气中多环芳烃污染的测量和特征性研究

本文就室内空气中多环芳烃典型污染源－室内燃煤和室内吸烟排放的多环芳烃组成和含量进行了测定，并同室外大气（对照）中多环芳烃组成含量进行了对比，研究了室内环境不同污染源排放多环烃组成和含量的特征性，结果表明，室内燃煤污染同燃煤型室外大气源排放多环芳烃具有相似组成含量特征，而室朵烟草烟雾污染源的多环芳烃组成含量特征，则与室外煤型和交通型均有显著区别。     

The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO _x (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal-catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.     

Occurrence of benzotriazoles (BTRs) in indoor air from Albany,New York,USA, and its implications for inhalation exposure

Despite the widespread use of benzotriazoles as corrosion inhibitors in many household goods, studies on the occurrence of these compounds in indoor air are scarce. In this study, five benzotriazole derivatives were measured in 83 indoor air samples collected from various locations in Albany, New York, USA. Benzotriazoles were found in a majority of the indoor air samples, and the concentrations of their sum in bulk (vapor plus particulate phases) indoor air ranged from below the method limit of quantification to 492 ng·m^?3 (geometric mean: 5.8 ng·m^?3). The highest geometric mean concentration was found in air samples collected in parking garages (155 ng·m^?3), followed by barbershops (13.6), public places (11.5), auto repair shops (5.2), automobiles (4.5), homes (4.5), offices (3.7), and laboratories (2.8). Inhalation exposure to benzotriazoles was calculated on the basis of the measured geometric mean concentrations and air inhalation rate. The highest exposure dose was found for teenagers, with a geometric mean inhalation exposure dose of 79 ng·day^?1. The body-weight normalized exposure dose, however, was the highest for infants, at 3.2 ng·(kg bw)^?1·day^?1.     

石家庄市室内空气中甲醛、苯系物和TVOC的污染特征

在石家庄市内选取部分新装修装饰的民用住宅进行室内空气采样,对甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和TVOC分别采用酚试剂分光光度法和气相色谱法进行分析。测定结果表明:新装修装饰后的室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和TVOC存在不同程度的超标现象,其中,甲苯污染相当严重,最大超标倍数为17.7;卧室中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和TVOC等污染物的超标率普遍高于客厅,其中卧室甲醛超标率约为客厅的2倍;室内空气中甲醛浓度随着密闭时间的增加持续增加。最后提出一系列相应的防治措施与建议。     

Fluorosis caused by indoor coal combustion in China: discovery and progress

In this study, investigations into endemic fluorosis were conducted and fluorine concentration in environmental samples determined. In an indoor coal-combustion-type fluorosis area, local clay was used to mix with coal for indoor combustion. There are two key steps in the procedure of the indoor transition of fluorine: indoor wet corns and vegetables strongly absorbed fluorine from indoor air; and fluorine strongly accumulated in clay, which was mixed with coal for combustion. Therefore, with the increasing of the percentage of clay in the clay-mixed coal as well as corn in foodstuff, the ratio of fluorosis will be increased.