萘降解菌MQ合成靛蓝的研究

利用萘降解菌(丛毛单胞菌)MQ完整细胞对吲哚进行转化合成靛蓝,结果表明菌株MQ具有较好的靛蓝合成能力,靛蓝产量在4h左右即达到稳定.薄层色谱和高效液相色谱分析结果表明,合成的蓝色产物为靛蓝.考察了反应温度及摇床转速对靛蓝合成的影响,结果表明最适温度和转速分别为25℃和150r·min-1.随后,采用表面响应法确定了菌株MQ合成靛蓝的最优条件:菌株接种量OD6602.16,吲哚浓度200.55mg·L-1,pH=6.91.在最优条件下,菌株MQ合成靛蓝的产量为53.05mg·L-1,比初始条件下的产量提高了179%.     

Biodegradation of N,N-dimethylacetamide by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 isolated from the rhizosphere of pagoda tree

The biodegradation characteristic and potential metabolic pathway for removal of environmental N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) by Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was studied. Rhodococcus sp. strain B83 was isolated from the rhizosphere of a pagoda tree and proved capable of utilizing DMAC as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Batch culture studies showed that strain B83 could tolerate up to 25 g/L DMAC and showed distinct growth on possible catabolic intermediates except for acetate. The nitrogen balance analysis revealed that approximately 71% of the initial nitrogen was converted to organic nitrogen. DMAC degradation has led to accumulation of acetate and organic nitrogen, meanwhile traces of nitrate and ammonia was build-up but without nitrite. The growth of strain B83 could be inhibited by adding exogenous acetate. By means of the assay of enzymatic degradation of DMAC, several catabolic intermediates at different intervals were observed and identified. Based on the results obtained from culture solution and enzymatic degradation assay, a detailed pathway is proposed for DMAC biodegradation.     

Identification of naphthalene metabolism by white rot fungus Armillaria sp. F022

Armillaria sp. F022, a white rot fungus isolated from tropical rain forest (Samarinda, Indonesia) was used to biodegrade naphthalene in cultured medium. Transformation of naphthalene by Armillaria sp. F022 which is able to use naphthalene, a two ring-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) as a source of carbon and energy was investigated. The metabolic pathway was elucidated by identifying metabolites, biotransformation studies and monitoring enzyme activities in cell-free extracts. The identification of metabolites suggests that Armillaria sp. F022 initiates its attack on naphthalene by dioxygenation at its C-1 and C-4 positions to give 1,4-naphthoquinone. The intermediate 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylic acid, and the characteristic of the meta-cleavage of the resulting diol were identified in the long-term incubation. A part from typical metabolites of naphthalene degradation known from mesophiles, benzoic acid was identified as the next intermediate for the naphthalene pathway of this Armillaria sp. F022. Neither phthalic acid, catechol and cis,cis-muconic acid metabolites were detected in culture extracts. Several enzymes (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, 1,2-dioxygenase and 2,3-dioxygenase) produced by Armillaria sp. F022 were detected during the incubation.     

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6

Synergistic removal of aniline by carbon nanotubes and the enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6, a newly isolated bacterial strain for biodegrading aniline, was investigated. It showed that biodegradation rate of aniline was increased with the augment of protein concentration in cell-free extract of Delftia sp. XYJ6. The adsorption amount of aniline by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was slightly higher than that by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), however the adsorption amount of protein of Delftia sp. XYJ6 by MWCNTs was lower than that by SWCNTs. Much more amount of aniline could be removed by CE of Delftia sp. XYJ6 in the presence of SWCNTs than MWCNTs, which indicated that an efficient reaction between aniline and enzymes of Delftia sp. XYJ6 on the surface of SWCNTs played a key role in the rapid enzymatic biodegradation of aniline. This study is not previously reported and may be useful in basic research and the removal of aniline from wastewater.     

Pseudomonas sp.HS-2厌氧转化双酚F及疏水性蒽醌类化合物的促进作用

为揭示双酚F的厌氧归趋及提高双酚F的厌氧生物转化速率,本文以硝酸盐为电子受体,研究了Pseudomonas sp. HS-2厌氧转化双酚F的特性,并外加4种疏水性蒽醌类化合物(蒽醌、1-氨基蒽醌、2-氨基蒽醌、2-羟基蒽醌)来促进双酚F的厌氧转化.结果表明,菌株HS-2能够将双酚F厌氧转化为4,4-二羟基二苯基甲酮.最适培养条件为:硝酸盐5 mmol·L~(-1)、pH=7和温度35℃.在最适条件下,4种疏水性蒽醌类化合物均能促进双酚F厌氧转化,且2-氨基蒽醌的促进作用最明显.当2-氨基蒽醌浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)时,准一级反应速率常数为2.9×10~(-2) h~(-1),较不加2-氨基蒽醌体系提高了37.1%.在无硝酸盐存在时,2-氨基蒽醌不能使菌株HS-2厌氧转化双酚F.但当硝酸盐存在时,外加2-氨基蒽醌则能够促进双酚F的厌氧转化.     

镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)对2,4,6-三氯苯酚的降解特性及其机制

为了解镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.)降解2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)的因素影响规律,研究了温度、p H、外加碳源、氮源、氯离子及TCP浓度对其降解特性的影响,分析了其降解动力学与降解途径.结论:镰刀菌能以TCP为唯一碳源和能源物质进行生长繁殖,TCP降解最适条件为:氮源Na NO3(0.2 g·L~(-1)),30℃,p H=6~7.外加碳源葡萄糖对降解TCP具有明显的抑制作用.氯离子浓度低于0.2 g·L~(-1)时对降解TCP具有一定的促进作用,但随着氯离子浓度的增加,TCP的降解受到了抑制.镰刀菌对TCP降解速率随着其浓度的升高而减缓.镰刀菌能降解10~50 mg·L~(-1)的TCP,其降解反应符合零级降解动力学方程.镰刀菌降解TCP过程中检测到2,6-二氯苯酚(RT 12.521 min),可推测TCP是通过2,6-二氯苯酚途径进行降解的.     

Enterobacter sp.CV-v对孔雀石绿的脱色特性及机理研究

采用单因素实验研究了各种操作因素对菌株Enterobacter sp.CV-v降解孔雀石绿的影响.结果表明,在供试碳源中,葡萄糖对脱色的促进效果最为显著,而供试氮源中,酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最优;同时,供试金属离子中,锰离子对脱色的促进效果最优.在p H=3.0~10.0、温度20~50℃之间时,菌株CV-v对孔雀石绿的12 h脱色率在90%以上.此外,该菌株可在6 h内完全脱色浓度低于500 mg·L-1的孔雀石绿.动力学实验结果表明,该菌株对孔雀石绿脱色的动力学数据与一级动力学模型拟合度最好(R2=0.9755).酶分析实验结果表明,锰过氧化物酶和孔雀石绿还原酶可能与菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿相关.此外,代谢产物分析实验结果表明,菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿的主要产物为二甲氨基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯铵.     

Characterization of phenanthrene degradation by strain Polyporus sp. S133

Polyporus sp. S133, a fungus collected from contaminated soil, was used to degrade phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in a mineral salt broth liquid culture. A maximal degradation rate (92%) was obtained when Polyporus sp. S133 was cultured for 30 days with agitation at 120 r/min, as compared to 44% degradation in non-agitated cultures. Furthermore, the degradation was a ected by the addition of surfactants. Tween 80 was the most suitable surfactant for the degradation of phenanthrene by Polyporus sp. S133. The degradation rate increased as the amount of Tween 80 added increased. The rate in agitated cultures was about 2 times that in non-agitated cultures. The mechanism of degradation was determined through the identification of metabolites; 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 2,2’-diphenic acid, phthalic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Several enzymes (manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, 1,2-dioxygenase and 2,3-dioxygenase) produced by Polyporus sp. S133 were detected during the incubation. The highest level of activity was shown by 1,2-dioxygenase (187.4 U/L) after 20 days of culture.     

Cd2+共存时镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.HJ01)降解对氯苯酚的特性与机制

为了解Cd2+对镰刀菌(Fusarium sp.HJ01)降解对氯苯酚(4-CP)的影响,研究了Cd2共存时,浓度、pH、碳源与氮源对镰刀菌降解4-CP特性的影响,并分析了其降解动力学与机理.结果表明,在降解温度、4-CP浓度等相同时,Cd2+共存对镰刀菌降解4-CP有一定的抑制作用.Cd2浓度小于3.O mg·L-1时,随着4-CP浓度的增大,镰刀菌对4-CP的降解速率变慢.镰刀菌降解4-CP的适宜pH为4.外加碳源蔗糖(3.Og·L-1)与外加NH4Cl(3.0 g·L-1)均使镰刀菌降解4-CP速度有所减缓.在Cd2+浓度0.1 ～3.0 mg·L-1时,镰刀菌降解4-CP符合零级动力学方程.Cd2+共存时只对4-CP的降解速率产生一定的抑制作用,而对其降解途径可能无显著影响.     

Pseudomonas sp. QJX-1的锰氧化特性研究

从锰矿土壤样品中分离、纯化出1株高效锰氧化细菌(QJX-1),经16S rDNA序列鉴定为Pseudomonas sp.QJX-1.研究表明,Pseudomonas sp.QJX-1含有锰氧化的必需成分多铜氧化酶基因CumA,当初始Mn2+为5.05 mg·L-1,菌密度D600为0.020时,该菌可在48 h内将Mn2+转化,且转化率高达99.4%.在寡营养条件下该菌锰氧化速率较富营养条件下有显著提高;添加石英砂滤料促使生物膜的快速形成,进而促进Mn2+的生物转化.根据研究结果推测地下水处理过程中生物锰氧化速率较快.     

高效聚磷菌Alcaligenes sp. ED-12菌株的分离鉴定及其除磷特性

利用经典的微生物筛选方法,从福州市闽侯县上街镇高岐村某排污口淤泥中分离出1株高效聚磷菌,并结合16S rRNA基因序列分析进行了菌株鉴定.结果表明,该菌株为产碱杆菌,将其命名为Alcaligenes sp.ZGED-12.理化因素实验显示,在以乙酸钠为碳源、NH4Cl为氮源,当C/N为3∶1,pH为8.0,温度和摇床转速分别为35℃和100 r·min-1时,该菌株的生长状态最好,对磷的去除能力也最强,最高除磷率可达80%.此外,该菌株能够耐受较高浓度的磷,当磷浓度超过45 mg·L-1时会产生抑制效应.同时,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸盐(SA)制备了聚磷微生物固定化小球,并考察了菌球对氮磷废水的净化效果.结果表明,氮磷的去除包括固定化材料的吸附作用及微生物的生长利用和/或贮存,显示出了良好的应用前景.     

耐锰菌Fusarium sp.浸出电解锰渣中锰的机制研究

为了探讨耐锰菌Fusarium sp.浸出锰离子的作用机制,对比分析了用Fusarium sp.与外加有机酸浸取后电解锰废渣的表征及锰离子浸出率的变化,重点考察了在Fusarium sp.浸取条件下锰离子浸出率、pH以及部分有机酸含量变化的关系.在锰离子的浸出过程中,当加入Fusarium sp.后,浸取后的电解锰废渣...     

嗪草酮降解菌Rhodococcus sp.MA的降解特性及固定化应用

从农田土壤中分离得到1株嗪草酮高效降解菌株,命名为MA,该菌5 d对50 mg·L^-1嗪草酮的降解率达到74.8%,最适反应温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0.根据表型与生理生化特征及16S rRNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Rhodococcus sp.MA.利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）鉴定菌株MA降解嗪草酮的中间产物为脱氨基嗪草酮.以海藻酸钠为包埋剂,经正交试验表明,3%海藻酸钠、2% CaCl₂、包埋比8：1和固定时间6 h条件下,菌株对嗪草酮的降解效率最高,为71.2%.将固定化菌体细胞用于修复实验,结果表明,未固定化处理的菌液对湖水及池塘水中嗪草酮（15 mg·L^-1）的去除率分别为72.1%和69.9%;固定化处理后可提高对嗪草酮的去除率,分别达到87.3%和82.6%,具有良好的应用前景.     

Uptake of radioiodide by Paenibacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Rhodococcus sp. isolated from a boreal nutrient-poor bog

Radionuclides, like radioiodine(~(129)I), may escape deep geological nuclear waste repositories and migrate to the surface ecosystems. In surface ecosystems, microorganisms can affect their movement. Iodide uptake of six bacterial strains belonging to the genera Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Rhodococcus isolated from an acidic boreal nutrient-poor bog was tested. The tests were run in four different growth media at three temperatures. All bacterial strains removed iodide from the solution with the highest efficiency shown by one of the Paenibacillus strains with 99% of iodide removed from the solution in one of the used growth media. Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and one of the two Paenibacillus strains showed highest iodide uptake in 1% yeast extract with maximum values for the distribution coefficient(K_d) ranging from 90 to 270 L/kg DW. The Burkholderia strain showed highest uptake in 1% Tryptone(maximum K_d170 L/kg DW). The Paenibacillus strain V0-1-LW showed exceptionally high uptake in 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth(maximum K_d 1,000,000 L/kg DW). Addition of 0.1% glucose to the 0.5% peptone + 0.25% yeast extract broth reduced iodide uptake at 4℃ and 20℃ and enhanced iodide uptake at 37℃ compared to the uptake without glucose. This indicates that the uptake of glucose and iodide may be competing processes in these bacteria. We estimated that in in situ conditions of the bog,the bacterial uptake of iodide accounts for approximately 0.1%–0.3% of the total sorption of iodide in the surface, subsurface peat, gyttja and clay layers.     

己烯雌酚降解菌株沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

利用具有降解己烯雌酚(diethylstilbestrol,DES)特性的功能微生物来降解DES、有望实现环境中DES的有效去除,然而迄今关于降解DES的功能菌株及其降解特性的报道很少.本研究通过选择性富集培养,从某污水处理站活性污泥中分离获得1株具有DES降解特性的细菌(菌株S).经形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rDNA序列同源性分析将菌株S鉴定为沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.)细菌.菌株S好氧生长,30℃、150 r·min-1摇床培养7 d后,对无机盐培养基中DES(50 mg·L-1)的降解率达68.3%.通过摇瓶实验,优化了菌株S生长和降解DES的最适环境条件:温度30℃,底物浓度40～60 mg·L-1,pH 7.0,接种量5%,盐添加量0 g·L-1,装液量10 mL(100 mL三角瓶).     

红球菌J-5菌株降解聚乙烯醇的研究

从土壤样品中分离到一株能以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为唯一碳源、能源生长的纯菌株,经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株属于红球菌属(Rhodococcus sp.),对该菌株降解PVA的特性进行了研究.结果表明,该菌株降解PVA的适宜条件为10000mg/L PVA,25℃,摇床培养;此外,添加0.1%的酵母膏可以明显促进PVA的降解.在该条件下通气培养7d,可以降解58%的PVA,通过红外光谱分析PVA的代谢产物,说明PVA降解的中间产物带有羰基.     

Biosorption of Cu(II) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp. F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp. (named MBFF19) with respect to pH, incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ), and biosorbent dose was studied. Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent. The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 turned out that the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) on MBFF19 was in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first and second order models were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption, whereas the latter was found to be in harmony with the kinetic data better. Because of the outstanding uptake capacity of Cu(Ⅱ), MBFF19 produced by Bacillus sp. was proved to be an excellent biosorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

美洲商陆和籽粒苋对接种伯克氏菌的生理生化响应及其对富集铯的影响

利用盆栽试验研究一株具有重金属耐性的伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia sp.D54)对美洲商陆和籽粒苋生长及对铯富集的影响.结果表明,接种菌株D54,美洲商陆和籽粒苋总干物重分别比对照处理增加19.8%～33.4%和22.9%～76.6%,美洲商陆和籽粒苋地上部铯含量分别增加4.9%～22.4%和8.1%～19.4%,根中铯含量分别增加6.8%～15.7%和1.1%～10.8%.同时,接种微生物还增加了植物对钾的吸收,提高供试植物的光合反应速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用率,增加铯胁迫条件下植物的抗氧化酶CAT、POD、SOD的活性,降低了MDA的含量.     

Biodegradation of indole by a newly isolated Cupriavidus sp. SHE

Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resources are fairly limited. A bacterial strain designated as SHE was isolated and found to be an efficient indole degrader. It was identified as Cupriavidus sp. according to 16S rRNA gene analysis. Strain SHE could utilize indole as the sole carbon source and almost completely degrade 100 mg/L of indole within 24 hr. It still harbored relatively high indole degradation capacity within pH 4–9 and temperature 25°C–35°C. Experiments also showed that some heavy metals such as Mn^2 +, Pb^2 + and Co^2 + did not pose severe inhibition on indole degradation. Based on high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrum analysis, isatin was identified as a minor intermediate during the process of indole biodegradation. A major yellow product with m/z 265.0605 (C₁₅H₈N₂O₃) was generated and accumulated, suggesting a novel indole conversion pathway existed. Genome analysis of strain SHE indicated that there existed a rich set of oxidoreductases, which might be the key reason for the efficient degradation of indole. The robust degradation ability of strain SHE makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of indole containing wastewater.     

Rhodococcus sp. Ns对硝基苯酚的好氧生物降解

通过驯化富集培养,从红树林底泥中分离出6株硝基苯酚降解菌,其中Rhodococcus sp. Ns为对硝基苯酚（PNP）与邻硝基苯酚（ONP）的高效降解菌.在好氧条件下该菌可以耐受小于1.8 mmol/L的PNP,能够利用PNP和ONP为唯一碳源、能源和氮源生长并将其完全矿化.研究了Rhodococcus sp. Ns在不同pH、盐度与浓度范围下,PNP的降解特性并探讨了该菌降解PNP的途径.实验得出该菌在盐度<5‰、 pH>5的条件下能较快生长,1.5 mmol/L的PNP在96h内被完全降解,并检测到至少2种中间产物4-硝基儿茶酚(4-nitrocatechol)和1,2,4-苯三酚 (1,2,4-benzenetriol).红树林底泥中固有的细菌对PNP和ONP具有高效降解作用.