活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附性能的研究

研究了pH值、吸附接触时间、铜离子的初始浓度及活性炭纤维（ACF）的投加量对活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋的影响,并选取了最佳的实验条件。用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附等温线,结果表明：活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋更符合Langmuir等温式,其相关系数为0．9995,以单分子层吸附为主。对活性炭纤维改性能明显提高对Cu2＋的吸附,其中效果最佳的吸附量从4．8mg／g增加到17．32mg／g,提高了3．6倍。     

RD复合净水剂对阳离子染料RL的吸附脱色

考察了RD复合净水剂吸附处理阳离子艳兰染料RL废液的实验条件,探讨了RD吸附脱色的实质。结果表明,加入0.3gRD到浓度为200mg/L的染液中,在25℃、pH=7.0条件下,吸附时间为10m in时,废液的脱色率达到80%,RD单位质量吸附量为10.7mg/g;当50mg/L的染料废液中,RD的投加量为0.2g时,脱色率达到了96%以上,RD单位质量吸附量为8.12mg/g;pH值和温度对吸附脱色效果影响不显著,而且RL废液的浓度增大,RD单位质量吸附量增大,但是脱色率有所下降。RD对染料的吸附符合Langmu ir吸附模型。     

微波辐射棉秆制备优质活性炭研究

研究了以棉秆废料为原料，采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的可行性，探讨了微波功率、活化时间及氯化锌浓度对产品活性炭各项指标的影响。得到了微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：微波功率560W、活化时间6min、氯化锌浓度50％。用此工艺条件制得的活性炭碘吸附值：1030．2mg／g、亚甲基蓝脱色力180mL／g、得率36．82％。工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的1／36，产品活性炭吸附性能超过了国家一级标准。该工艺方法为农村棉秆资源的综合开发利用找到了新的途径。     

污染原水粉末活性炭应急处理的研究

针对上海某水厂的水源现状,开展了水质受常规有机物污染以及模拟突发性有毒有害物质污染等条件下投加粉末活性炭应急处理的研究。结果表明,煤质粉末炭即可发挥净化功能,在吸水井投加20～30mg／L既能取得最佳的吸附效果,又经济可行;粉末活性炭在低投加量时有促进混凝沉淀的作用,投加量达到50mg／L,沉后水的颗粒物数量增加30％左右,可能不利于后续过滤;投加粉末活性炭对原水预氯化有一定影响。     

铁屑微电解法处理光致抗蚀剂废水的初步研究

初步研究了铁屑微电解法处理先致抗蚀剂废水；对废水pH值、曝气、铁屑和活性炭的用量等作了单因素影响试验。正交试验结果表明：当铁屑投加量50．0g／L，活性碳投加量5．0g／L，废水pH值2．0，反应时间60min时，CODCr去除率达42％。     

蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的化学氧化脱色和矿化

研究了使用NaClO化学氧化处理活性艳蓝KN-R模拟染料废水。分别以592nm、380nm、255nm波长处的吸光值为主要指标,跟踪染料的脱色降解。考察了NaClO投加量、染料浓度、温度和13H值等主要因素对模拟废水脱色的影响。结果表明：用NaClO化学氧化处理0．1mmolL^-1的活性艳蓝KN-R模拟染料废水,当NaClO与染料的摩尔比为18,T=30℃,13H值为7时,反应30分钟,脱色率可达到100％。pH值对脱色和TOC的去除有很大影响,酸性或中性条件下,染料快速脱色,30分钟后吸光值基本恒定,反应6个小时TOC的去除仍不明显;碱性条件下,染料缓慢脱色,但反应6个小时TOC的去除率可以达到40％左右。     

青霉菌X5对活性艳蓝KN-R脱色研究

采用梯度平板筛选法，从染布厂废水池污泥中分离到一株对蒽醌染料KN－R有较强脱色能力的青霉菌X5（Penicillium sp.)，并考察该菌在不同温度，pH，培养时间，染料浓度，菌量及不同碳源氮源条件下对活性艳蓝KN－R的脱色情况，结果表明,在20－40℃温度范围内该菌对活性艳蓝KN－R的脱色率均在95％以上，其最佳脱色温度为25℃，pH为4．0，培养时间为48h，染料浓度，菌量对染料脱色有一定影响，该菌对碳源、氮源具有较宽适应范围，在最佳条件下，该菌对染料的脱色率达99．3％。     

柚子皮活性炭对铀的吸附性能研究

利用食品废弃物柚子果皮为碳源制备活性炭,研究了其对放射性铀元素的吸附效果。考察了pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度等对吸附的影响,并对不同温度下的吸附数据用langmuir方程和Freundlich方程进行了拟合。结果表明,柚子皮活性炭对铀离子的吸附在120min达到平衡,平衡吸附量随着铀离子初始浓度和吸附剂投加量的增大而增大;柚子皮活性炭对铀的吸附能力随温度的升高而增大,langmuir等温吸附模型更适合描述其吸附行为;在318K时,理论最大吸附容量为12.10mg/g。     

锰改性活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

Cr(Ⅵ)是一种高毒性重金属.为了探究炭质材料对水中六价铬的吸附行为,首次尝试用不同浓度的锰离子溶液对颗粒活性炭进行改性,研究了包括pH、温度、投加量和Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度对原活性炭和改性活性炭的对比实验.结果表明在相同的条件下锰离子改性可以增加活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量,溶液pH、温度、投加量和初始浓度对CKⅥ)的去除率有很大影响.活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线与Langrmuir模型有更好的线性相关性.     

介孔氧化铁催化降解诺氟沙星实验条件的优化研究

选取诺氟沙星为目标污染物,以介孔氧化铁为催化剂,催化过氧化氢降解水中微量有机污染物,设计正交实验并利用SPSS软件进行数据分析,分别讨论了pH、H_2O_2初始浓度、诺氟沙星初始浓度以及催化剂投加量对降解率的影响,并得到选定因素水平范围内的最优化反应条件:初始p H为7,初始H_2O_2浓度100 m M,初始诺氟沙星浓度2 mg/L,催化剂投加量0.7 g/L。最优化反应条件下,120 min诺氟沙星的降解率达到99%。通过SPPS方差分析可得,各因素影响大小的排序为诺氟沙星初始浓度催化剂投加量初始pH初始H_2O_2浓度。     

Response surface optimization of acid red 119 dye from simulated wastewater using Al based waterworks sludge and polyaluminium chloride as coagulant

In this research, the performance of Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Polyaluminium Chloride sludge (PACS) as coagulants for acid red 119 (AR119) dye removal from aqueous solutions were compared. The sample of PACS was collected from "Baba Sheikh Ali" water treatment plant (Isfahan, Iran) where PAC is used as a coagulant in the coagulation/flocculation process. A response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the operating variables including initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration and to optimize the operating conditions of the treatment process. Results reveal that the optimal conditions for dye removal were initial pH 3.42, coagulant dosage of 4.55 g dried PACS/L and initial dye concentration of 140 mg/L for PACS, while the optimal initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration for PAC were 3.8, 57 mg/L and 140 mg/L, respectively. Under these optimal values of process parameters, the dye removal efficiency of 94.1% and 95.25% was observed for PACS and PAC, respectively. Although lower amount of PAC in comparison with PACS was needed for specific dye removal, the reuse of PACS as a low-cost material can offer some advantages such as high efficiency for AR119 dye removal and economic savings on overall water and wastewater treatment plant operation costs.     

Adsorption of eosin dye on activated carbon and its surfactant based desorption

The performance of activated carbon has been investigated for the adsorption of eosin dye dissolved in water. Eosin is anionic in nature and highly toxic. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on adsorption of eosin by a fixed amount of activated carbon (1.0 g/L) have been studied in batch and column mode. The equilibrium data are successfully fitted to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption rate data are successfully explained by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. Breakthrough curves for column adsorption have also been studied. The regeneration of spent carbon by desorbing the dye has been experimentally investigated applying a surfactant enhanced carbon regeneration (SECR) technique using both cationic and anionic surfactants. An empirical kinetic model for dye desorption from the commercial activated carbon (CAC) using different surfactant and desorption techniques, viz. change in pH, has been proposed. The comparison between the model and the experimental results is found to be satisfactory.     

人工沸石对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸脱附的实验研究

采用单变量法研究了人工沸石对Cr3+的最佳吸附粒径、最佳吸附反应条件和吸附动力学。结果表明,在Cr3+初始浓度为20mg/L、沸石投放量为10g/L时,最佳粒径为80目;在Cr3+初始浓度为50mg/L、沸石投放量为10g/L时,最佳振荡时间为70min;Cr3+浓度在20～70mg/L范围内时,人工沸石饱和吸附量随Cr3+的初始浓度增加而增加,二者近似于指数关系;人工沸石吸附Cr3+的过程主要为化学吸附,受表面扩散和颗粒内扩散过程控制。脱附实验表明洗脱性价比最佳的洗脱剂(NaCl)浓度为10g/L,洗脱微振荡-静置沉降最佳时间分布为:微振荡10min,静置沉降50min,洗脱两次后吸附效率下降25%～30%。     

Exploitation of Trichoderma harzianum mycelial waste for the removal of rhodamine 6G from aqueous solution

The harvested mycelial waste of Trichoderma harzianum was used as an adsorbent for the removal of rhodamine 6G and was studied in batch mode. The effects of agitation time and initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and pH were examined. The study revealed that the amount of dye adsorbed (mgg(-1)) increased with increase in agitation time and reached equilibrium after 120 min, for dye concentrations of 10-50 mg L(-1). The adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g/50 mL and pH of 8.0 were found to be optimum for maximum dye removal. The batch mode adsorption data followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo first- and second-order rate kinetics were applied to the adsorbent system. The adsorption kinetics of rhodamine 6G showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation of the equilibrium data. The study implies that it is possible to develop a dye removal system by using T. harzianum biomass, which occurs as sludge in waste stream of fermentation industries.     

Batch sorption dynamics and equilibrium for the removal of lead ions from aqueous phase using activated carbon developed from coffee residue activated with zinc chloride

Lignocellulosic materials are good precursors for the production of activated carbon. In this work, coffee residue has been used as raw material in the preparation of powder activated carbon by the method of chemical activation with zinc chloride for the sorption of Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solutions.The influence of impregnation ratio (ZnCl₂/coffee residue) on the physical and chemical properties of the prepared carbons was studied in order to optimize this parameter. The optimum experimental condition for preparing predominantly microporous activated carbons with high pore surface area (890 m²/g) and micropore volume (0.772 cm³/g) is an impregnation ratio of 100%. The developed activated carbon shows substantial capability to sorb lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions and for relative impregnation ratios of 75 and 100%, the maximum uptake is practically the same. Thus, 75% represents the optimal impregnation ratio.Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of the main parameters such as contact time, initial concentration of Pb(II), solution pH, ionic strength and temperature. The maximum uptake of lead(II) at 25 °C was about 63 mg/g of adsorbent at pH 5.8, initial Pb(II) concentration of 10 mg/L, agitation speed of 200 rpm and ionic strength of 0.005 M. The kinetic data were fitted to the models of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, and follow closely the pseudo-second order model. Equilibrium sorption isotherms of Pb(II) were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The Freundlich model gives a better fit than the others.Results from this study suggest that activated carbon produced from coffee residue is an effective adsorbent for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions and that ZnCl₂ is a suitable activating agent for the preparation of high-porosity carbons.     

真菌产漆酶对蒽醌类染料脱色的研究

以香菇发酵获得漆酶粗酶液,用该酶液对蒽醌类染料进行脱色研究,分别考察了反应温度、pH值、时峰、漆酶浓度和不同染料的脱色影响.结果表明,香菇产漆酶粗酶液对蒽醌类染料具有良好的脱色效果,脱色最佳条件为：温度在30℃左右、pH3-4、反应8h、酶单位在20-30U/L的脱色率达85％.     

Aerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent

In this study treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated using aerobic oxidation based on an activated sludge process. The effects of sludge volume index, scum index and mixed liquor suspended solids during the acclimatizing phase and biomass build-up phase were investigated in order to ascertain the reactor stability. The efficiency of the activated sludge process was evaluated by treating anaerobically digested and diluted raw POME obtained from Golden Hope Plantations, Malaysia. The treatment of POME was carried out at a fixed biomass concentration of 3900+/-200mg/L, whereas the corresponding sludge volume index was found to be around 105+/-5mL/g. The initial studies on the efficiency of the activated sludge reactor were carried out using diluted raw POME for varying the hydraulic retention time, viz: 18, 24, 30 and 36h and influent COD concentration, viz: 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000mg/L, respectively. The results showed that at the end of 36h of hydraulic retention time for the above said influent COD, the COD removal efficiencies were found to be 83%, 72%, 64%, 54% and 42% whereas at 24h hydraulic retention time they were 57%, 45%, 38%, 30% and 27%, respectively. The effectiveness of aerobic oxidation was also compared between anaerobically digested and diluted raw POME having corresponding CODs of 3908 and 3925mg/L, for varying hydraulic retention time, viz: 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 and 60h. The dissolved oxygen concentration and pH in the activated sludge reactor were found to be 1.8-2.2mg/L and 7-8.5, respectively. The scum index was found to rise from 0.5% to 1.9% during the acclimatizing phase and biomass build-up phase.     

Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from agricultural by-product/waste

Removal of mercury from aqueous solutions using activated carbon prepared from Ceiba pentandra hulls, Phaseolus aureus hulls and Cicer arietinum waste was investigated. The influence of various parameters such as effect of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose for the removal of mercury was studied using a batch process. The experiments demonstrated that the adsorption process corresponds to the pseudo-second-order-kinetic models and the equilibrium adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm model well. The prepared adsorbents ACCPH, ACPAH and ACCAW had removal capacities of 25.88 mg/g, 23.66 mg/g and 22.88 mg/g, respectively, at an initial Hg(II) concentration of 40 mg/L. The order of Hg(II) removal capacities of these three adsorbents was ACCPH > ACPAH > ACCAW. The adsorption behavior of the activated carbon is explained on the basis of its chemical nature. The feasibility of regeneration of spent activated carbon adsorbents for recovery of Hg(II) and reuse of the adsorbent was determined using HCl solution.     

间接电化学降解亚甲基蓝废水的可行性研究

研究以ClO^-／Cl^-作媒介，间接电化学降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水的可行性。结果表明，亚甲基蓝的电化学降解与电极材料、电流密度以及添加剂种类等因素有关。以石墨为阳极，不锈钢为阴极，在无隔膜的烧杯中放置50ml浓度为1000mg/L的亚甲基蓝模拟废水，在室温25℃，pH6．0－8．0，槽电压10V，电流密度30．0mA/cm^2，Cl^-加入量2g/L的条件下，电解60min后，亚甲基蓝溶液的平均消色率达到98．0％，CODcr降解率为97．0％，BOD5降解率为99．0％；用浸涂过MnO2薄膜的石墨棒作阳极可显著加快其消解速率，而用浸涂过CeO2薄膜的石墨棒作阳极对其消解速率无明显的影响。并初步讨论了其降解机理。