建立PM2.5排污权交易框架的研究

化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物的排污权交易在我国已经开展试点工作,但是PM2.5排污权交易在我国尚未开展试点工作。本文根据国内外排污权交易的经验,以及其他污染物排放总量控制目标和我国的实际情况,分析了建立PM2.5排污权交易的必要性,并提出了初步构建PM2.5排污权交易的框架,为今后开展PM2.5排污权交易试点工作提供了理论基础。     

环境执法在环保垂改中的基本路径与主要任务

为积极稳妥推进全国省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度改革试点工作,本文紧紧围绕《关于省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度改革试点工作的指导意见》精神,以环境执法改革为主体主线,从环境执法的总体方向、基本路径、主要任务三个方面进行政策分析解读,给各地在环保垂直管理制度改革试点工作中有效推进环境执法改革,提供改革路径指引和参考。     

深入学习实践科学发展观 解放思想 转变观念 进一步加强环境保护工作

2008年3月至8月,四川省在省级领导班子和省直机关党员干部中开展深八活动试点工作。四川省环保局及时传达省委的安排部署,并结合省环保局实际,迅即展开活动试点工作。在省委的领导下,在省委试点办的指导下,通过全局上下的共同努力和各方面的大力支持,目前整个活动试点工作基本结束。整个试点工作中都涌现了哪些创新做法,取得了哪些成功经验,下一步工作的思路和重点是什么？四川省环保局列此进行了认真的总结。     

全国绿色保险试点取得阶段性进展

环境保护部副部长潘岳近日向新闻媒体通报了环境污染责任保险工作进展情况。在环境保护部、保监会大力推动下,各地稳步推进环境污染责任保险试点工作,在部门协调、立法推动、市场运作等方面迈出可喜步伐。湖南、江苏、湖北、宁波、沈阳等省市试点工作取得成效,全国首个污染责任保险理赔事件圆满完成,绿色保险取得了阶段性进展。     

试论我国的环境公益诉讼

如今,生态和环保逐渐成为人们关注的重点,近些年来,我国很多地方为了追求经济效益从而以牺牲环境为基础,生态日益遭受破坏,我国生态保护的意识已逐渐苏醒,并加以重视。以2015年的试点工作为为起点,开启了两年的环境公益诉讼的试点工作,现试点工作结束,在这期间所存在的问题也逐渐凸显,因此,需进一步找出问题的应对之策。     

全国首个水生态系统保护与修复试点通过验收

武汉市水生态系统保护与修复试点工作22日通过水利部和湖北省人民政府联合进行的验收,这是首个通过验收的试点城市。业内专家指出,从武汉的试点工作来看,逐步全面开展水生态系统保护与修复工作的时机日渐成熟。     

基于生态足迹的青海省海北州旅游业可持续发展测度

本研究采用旅游生态足迹、旅游生态承载力和旅游生态占用指数方法,以青海省海北州藏族自治州为案例地开展实证研究。研究结果表明:2011年海北州旅游生态足迹中,旅游餐饮、购物和交通是其主要组成部分,分别占49.40%、23.81%、22.04%;海北州人均旅游生态承载力为0.5360hm2/人,人均生态足迹为0.00841hm2/人,旅游生态占用指数为0.0157。表明海北州旅游业发展对生态环境的影响处于可控范围之内,旅游生态系统是安全的,旅游业处于良性发展阶段。并提出了促进海北州生态环境建设与旅游经济协调发展的相关建议措施。     

国家环境保护总局关于批准全国生态环境监察试点地区的通知环发[2003]128号

各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护局(厅): 根据我局印发的《关于开展生态环境监察试点工作的通知》(环发[2003]54号),各省、自治区、直辖市环保局(厅)报送了生态环境监察试点工作方案。根据生态环境监察工作的总体要求,按照各地上报的不同生态环境类型和地区,确定下列地区为全国生     

继续深入开展生态环境监察试点工作

自2003年全国113个地区开展生态环境监察试点工作以来,大部分试点地区将生态环境监察工作作为落实科学发展观、推动当地经济、社会可持续发展的措施,在查处生态破坏案件、保护生态环境等方面取得显著成效,并在生态环境监察工作机制、执法体系、建章立制和能力建设等方面有所创新和突破。经考核评估,有81个试点地区被评为“全国生态环境监察试点工作优秀单位”,     

在发展中提升环保地位，伊犁州环保工作取得突破

2007年伊型州环保局新领导班子组建以来,紧紧围绕伊犁州党委制定的“生态立州、科教兴州、优势资源转换、对外开放和可持续发展战略”,改变工作作风,真抓实干,全面开展各项环境保护工作。     

DYNAMIC FLUID LOSS DURING VISCOUS FLOW THROUGH A POROUS VERTICAL SLOT1

ABSTRACT. An experimental study of two-dimensional viscous flow through a vertical slot with one highly resistant porous wall was made. The fluid loss area of the porous wall was divided into five sections. The fluid loss rate for the various subareas was measured as a function of the bulk flow rate through the slot and the viscosity of the fluid. Static flow tests through the porous media were also conducted for each fluid viscosity. The results indicate that the experimental data can be correlated in terms of the difference between the static flow rate and the dynamic fluid loss rate as a function of the bulk Reynold's number and the bulk flow rate. Stream function profiles were determined for each experimental run to visualize flow through the length of the slot. An empirical correlation was developed between the superficial entrance width, δ, and the ratio of bulk Reynold's number to the Reynold's number based on flow through the porous wall.     

Development of a GIS tool for qualitative assessment of the Egyptian’s quality of life

A frame work was presented for the assessment of the quality of life through the development of different indicators applied for Egypt. This paper focuses on the assessment of the quality of life using previously developed indicators in the first part of the study. A GIS user-friendly interface was developed to enhance the presentation of the study. This enables non technical users to directly use the developed GIS application to explore different concerns. Three cases were demonstrated in this paper, where an assessment of the quality of life of farmers, civilians, and agricultural investors was attained under specific scenario in each case. Assessment for other cases can still be made by browsing through the dropdown menu for each interest group under the selected scenario. Based on the demonstrated results for the three groups of people, it was found that the quality of life for a certain group of people under the strict scenario is in general less than the quality of life for the same group under the relax scenario.     

The effect of river pulsing on sedimentation and nutrients in created riparian wetlands

Sedimentation under pulsed and steady-flow conditions was investigated in two created flow-through riparian wetlands in central Ohio over 2 yr. Hydrologic pulses of river water lasting for 6 to 8 d were imposed on each wetland from January through June during 2004. Mean inflow rates during pulses averaged 52 and 7 cm d(-1) between pulses. In 2005, the wetlands received a steady-flow regime of 11 cm d(-1) with no major hydrologic fluctuations. Thirty-two sediment traps were deployed and sampled once per month in April, May, June, and July for two consecutive years in each wetland. January through March were not sampled in either year due to frozen water surfaces in the wetlands. Gross sedimentation (sedimentation without normalizing for differences between years) was significantly greater in the pulsing study period (90 kg m(-2)) than in the steady-flow study period (64 kg m(-2)). When normalized for different hydrologic and total suspended solid inputs between years, sedimentation for April through July was not significantly different between pulsing and steady-flow study periods. Sedimentation for the 3 mo that received hydrologic pulses (April, May, and June) was significantly lower during pulsing months than in the corresponding steady-flow months. Large fractions of inorganic matter in collected sediments indicated that allochthonous inputs were the main contributor to sedimentation in these wetlands. Organic matter fractions of collected sediments were consistently greater in the steady-flow study period (1.8 g kg(-1)) than in the pulsed study period (1.5 g kg(-1)), consistent with greater primary productivity in the water column during steady-flow conditions.     

大众参与旅游节庆的影响因素研究

根据前人的研究成果、专家意见以及因子分析的结果,得到旅游节庆主题因素、旅游节庆文化因素、游客的现场感知因素、举办者的因素和外围环境因素5方面共19项影响大众参与度的因素;采用层次分析法给出了此19项因素的影响力排序,各个影响因素按照影响力的大小可为分3个等级,并用模糊评判法对“中国湖州国际湖笔文化节”的大众参与度进行了综合评价,分值为60．6778。     

EU policy on the move – mobility and domestic translation of the European Union’s renewable energy policy

We discuss how the EU’s Renewable Energy Directive was designed to be mobile, and how it was moved to and implemented in Finland by translating it to enhance wood-based energy production through specific subsidies. We study policy-making as a mobile process, which approach has its original roots in political science and more recent basis in political geography. The article aims to develop conceptual understanding of how the mobility of a supranational policy is generated and how a policy is translated into complex and contentious geographical contexts. We aim to show that mobility of a directive is enabled by an empty governance space which is aimed to be ‘filled in’ in each spatial context, and that the filling in process makes each translation a contentious and path-dependent process. In Finland, the selected policy tools and practices continued the path-dependent ways of favouring forestry industry’s traditional position as the primary utiliser of forest resources.     

Trials and Tribulations of Third World Petroleum Development: Lessons and Advice for Prospective Producers

This paper presents a variety of lessons for governments of developing countries about how to begin to operate as new oil producers in the world petroleum market. Lessons, drawn from the recent experiences of currently producing LDCs, are identified for each stage of the industry from exploration and development through procurement and supply to refining and marketing.     

流域管理与开发利用中主要问题的博弈分析

本文从博弈论的角度,通过构造博弈模型对流域管理中诸问题进行分析,旨在完善政府及流域内各理性行为个体的策略,为提高流域水资源开发利用效率提供理论依据。     

AN ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL FECAL COLIFORM LEVELS IN THE TCHEFUNCTE RWER1

ABSTRACT: A model for estimating seasonal fecal coliform concentrations in the Tchefuncte River as a function of river discharge was developed. Data on fecal coliform concentration were obtained from the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals and were available for a period of 15 years (1975 through 1992) from three locations. Stream flow data were obtained from a gaging station of the U. S. Geological Survey at Folsom, Louisiana. These data were available for 49 years (1943 through 1991). The climate of the area is characterized by different precipitation/runoff mechanisms for the summer and winter seasons. The division for seasons used in this analysis was May through October (summer season), and November through April (winter season). Because of the combined effects of climatic mechanisms causing precipitation and the seasonal variation of evapotranspiration, runoff is greater in the winter season resulting in higher fecal coliform counts in the Tchefuncte River. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between fecal coliform concentration and discharge for each season, at each of three sites on the Tchefuncte River.     

Fate of phosphorus in dairy wastewater and poultry litter applied on grassland

Large and repeated manure applications can exceed the P sorption capacity of soil and increase P leaching and losses through subsurface drainage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fate of P applied with increasing N rates in dairy wastewater or poultry litter on grassland during a 4-yr period. In addition to P recovery in forage, soil-test phosphorus (STP) was monitored at depths to 180 cm in a Darco loamy sand (loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults) twice annually. A split-plot arrangement of a randomized complete block design comprised four annual N rates (0, 250, 500, and 1000 kg ha(-1)) for each nutrient source on coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] over-seeded with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L. cv. TAM90). Increasing annual rates of N and P in wastewater and poultry litter increased P removal in forage (P = 0.001). At the highest N rate of each nutrient source, less than 13% of applied P was recovered in forage. The highest N rates delivered 8 times more P in wastewater or 15 times more P in poultry litter than was removed in forage harvests during an average year. Compared with controls, annual P rates up to 188 kg ha(-1) in dairy wastewater did not increase STP concentrations at depths below 30 cm. In contrast, the highest annual P rate (590 kg ha(-1)) in poultry litter increased STP above that of controls at depth intervals to 120 cm during the first year of sampling. Increases in STP at depths below 30 cm in the Darco soil were indicative of excessive P rates that could contribute to nonpoint-source pollution in outflows from subsoil through subsurface drainage.     

Use of avian and mammalian guilds as indicators of cumulative impacts in riparian-wetland areas

A new method of assessing cumulative effects of human activities on bird and mammal communities of riparian-wetland areas was developed by using response guilds to reflect how species theoretically respond to habitat disturbance on a landscape level. All bird and mammal species of Pennsylvania were assigned values for each response guild using documented information for each species, to reflect their sensitivity to disturbances; high guild scores corresponded to low tolerance toward habitat disturbance. We hypothesized that, given limited time and resources, determining how wildife communities change in response to environmental impacts can be done more efficiently with a response-guild approach than a single-species approach. To test the model, censuses of birds and mammals were conducted along wetland and riparian areas of a protected and a disturbed watershed in central Pennsylvania. The percent of bird species with high response-guild scores (i.e., species that had specific habitat requirements and/or were neotropical migrants) remained relatively stable through the protected watershed. As intensity of habitat alteration increased through the disturbed watershed, percentage of bird species with high response-guild scores decreased. Only 2%–3% of the neotropical migrants that had specific habitat requirements were breeding residents in disturbed habitats as compared to 17%–20% in reference areas. Species in the edge and exotic guild classifications (low guild scores) were found in greater percentages in the disturbed watershed. Composition of mammalian guilds showed no consistent pattern associated with habitat disturbance. Avian response guilds reflected habitat disturbance more predictively than mammalian response guilds.