Disaster and Economy

1TheGeneralRelationshipbetweenDisasterandEconomyTherelationshipbetweendisasterandeconomyisaconverseone,thelatterisoftenthreatenedanddestroyedbytheformer.Thegreaterthedisaster,thegreaterthedestructiontotheeconomy;themoretheeconomydevelops,thegreaterlossesdisastermake.Thishasalreadybeenprovedbythehistory.AccordingtothestatisticsreleasedbytheUnitedNations,thelossescausedbythedisastersofallcountriesallovertheworldare(U.S.)$20~30billioneachyear,(U.S.)$44billionin1991;thecompensationsforthelosse…     

The Disaster of Abnormal Floods and Waterloggingin the Huai River Valley and Its Prevention and Redu

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Couple Model of Forecast and Assessment for Drought and Waterlogging Disasters

ByusingthetheoreticalstudyofAtmosphericScience,SoilScience,HydrologicalScience,Agri-culturalScienceandGeographicalScienceincludingdroughtandwaterloggingdisasters,acouplemodelofAtmosphere-Soil-RiverValley-Vegetationasanorganicwholeisestablishedforfore-castingandassessingdroughtandwaterloggingdisasters.1IntroductionChinaisoneoffewcountriesthatnaturaldisastersoccurfrequentlyandcausegreateconomiclosses.Inrecentyears,economiclosscausedbydisastershasreachedmorethanloobillionyuan,accountingfor3…     

Restoration and Rehabilitationof Degenerate Upland Ecosystem

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NATURAL DISASTERS IN BANGLADESH-National and International Response

ＮＡＴＵＲＡＬＤＩＳＡＳＴＥＲＳＩＮＢＡＮＧＬＡＤＥＳＨ－ＮａｔｉｏｎａｌａｎｄＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＣ．Ｍ．ＳｈａｆｉＳａｍｉ（ＡｍｂａｓｓａｄｏｒｏｆＢａｎｇｌａｄｅｓｈｔｏｔｈｅＰｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓＲｅｐｕｂｌｌｃｏｆＣｈｉｎａ...     

Information on Safety Education for Seismic Resistance and Disaster Prevention in Middle and Primary Schools in Anhui Province

Inordertocoordinatethedevelopment0fIIInternationalDecadeforNaturalDisasterReducti0ntIactivity,safetyeducationforseismicresistanceanddisasterpreventionisdeeplyundertakeninmostyoungsters.AccordingtoIIstrengtheningtheworkf0rseismicpreventionanddisasterre-ductioninmiddleandprimaryschoolstudents)IformulatedbyStateEducationCommission,re-centlyAnhuiEducationCommissi0nandAnhuiSeism0logicalBureaujointlyissuedIIInf0rmaboutsafetyeducationofseismicpreventi0nanddisasterreducti0ninmlddleandprlmarysc…     

Training as an Element of Post 1991 Flood Disaster Recovery in Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces and in De

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Quantified scenarios analysis of drivers and impacts of changing flood risk in England and Wales: 2030–2100

Flood risk to the economy, society and the environment reflects the cumulative effects of environmental and socio-economic change over decades. Long-term scenarios are therefore required in order to develop robust and sustainable flood risk management policies. Quantified national-scale flood risk analysis and expert appraisal of the mechanisms causing change in flood risk have been used to assess flood risk in England and Wales over the period 2030–2100. The assessment involved the use of socio-economic and climate change scenarios. The analysis predicts increasing flood risk unless current flood management policies, practices and investment levels are changed—up to 20-fold increase in economic risk by the 2080s in the scenario with highest economic growth. The increase is attributable to a combination of climate change (in particular increasing precipitation and relative sea level rise in parts of the UK) and increasing socio-economic vulnerability, particularly in terms of household/industrial contents and infrastructure vulnerability. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

Institutional, policy and farmer responses to drought: El Niño events and rice in the Philippines

Droughts are common recurring natural hazards in Asia, and El Niño events are particularly severe in the Philippines. This paper explores responses by farm households, irrigation system managers, and macro policymakers in the Philippines to El Niño. In response to the large 1997–98 El Niño, farmers in one major irrigation system significantly diversified their economic activities, hut the drought was so acute that many of these activities were not successful. Communication between meteorologists and irrigation system managers is strong, and irrigation system managers are aware of El Niño events in advance. Communication between irrigation system managers and farmer irrigation associations is also strong, and together they have developed response options that attempt to augment supplies of and more efficiently allocate scarce water. Water pricing is not used, however, and lack of cooperation among farmers results in sub-optimal outcomes. Macro-level policy responses in terms of rice imports and buffer stock management to protect poor consumers have improved substantially over time.     

The Climate-traffic Assessment Model Research and Annual Assessment

Wehavestudiedtheclimateimpactonthetrafficsystemformanyyears,butmostresearcheswerestillquantitativeanalysis.Thispapermakesasearchfortheclimate-trafficassessmentmethod,establishinitialquantitativeanalysisassessmentmodelofclimate-traffic,andassesstheclimateimpactonthetrafficsystemin1996.1TheImpactofRainstormandFloodontheTrafficSystemin1996Inl996,theclimateisabnormalinagreatpartofChina.Manyclimatedisastersoccurred.A-mongthesedisasters,theheavyrain,floodandheavyfogmadeseriousinfluenceonthetraffi…     

Disaster Mitigation Theory and Practice in China

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Concept of Flood Risk Map and Its Application

1 The concept of flood risk map and its mapping procedure Flood risk management is the process for analysis and assessment of flood risks as well as to form and implement the disaster mitigation plans. Flood risk analysis is the basic work of flood risk assessment and management that can provide people with the possibilities of flood occurrence and its risk in specific areas and consequently raise the public awareness of flood help to form a reasonable flood prevention plan. However, flood ris…     

Linking the stressors and stressing the linkages: Human—environment vulnerability and brownfield redevelopment in New York City

This paper suggests that the mitigation of one hazard—soil contamination—can unintentionally affect vulnerabilities and perceived vulnerabilities to additional stressors in the local human—environment system through a study of brownfield redevelopment in New York City. This study employs a Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) approach to identify components that contribute to vulnerabilities and perceived vulnerabilities in the local community, based on the thematic analysis of 55 interviews with residents from four neighbourhoods with brownfield redevelopment activities in New York City. This analysis of resident observations and perceptions of post-redevelopment hazard conditions indicates how mitigating vulnerability to one urban hazard—soil contamination—has the potential to affect vulnerabilities and perceived vulnerabilities to additional hazards like flooding and air pollution because of the complex linkages among multiple stressors. A causal model of vulnerability to the unintended impacts of brownfield redevelopment is subsequently developed to further demonstrate the interactive linkages among exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to multiple stressors. This study also provides measures that stakeholders can monitor and evaluate over time to track the socio-spatial and environmental implications of brownfield redevelopment and subsequent changes in the local human—environment system.     

Numerical Model and Simulating Technology of Severe Disasters

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Lessons Learnt from the 1998 Flood and Future Strategy

Thesummerof1998hasseenanexceptionallyseriousfloodinthehistorywhichhasstrickenthreevalleysoftheYangtzeRiver,theNenjiangRiverandSonghuajiangRiver.UndertheleadershipoftheChineseGovernment,peoplethroughoutthecountrymadejointeffortsandhavefinallywonthefig...     

The Resettlement and Rehabilitation after 1998 Flood in China

Theresettlementandrehabilitationareanimportantstageofdisastermanagementcycle.Takingthefloodof1998inChinaasanexample,Iamherebyaddressingtheissueofresettlementandrehabilitationafterdisastersothatwecouldexchangeandshareourideasandopinionsinthisfield.1Te...     

Mountain inhabitants’ perspectives on climate change,and its impacts and adaptation based on temporal and spatial characteristics analysis: a case study of Mt. Yulong Snow,Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Based on the results of questionnaires issued to 202 local residents in the Mount Yulong Snow region, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, this study analyzes mountain residents’ perspectives on climate change and its impacts, their strategies to adapt to climate change impacts, including their willingness or otherwise to become ecological migrants, and some of the factors that influence their perceptions. Overall, local perception of climate change and its impacts corresponds to the patterns of observed climate change revealed by climate records. The intensity of climate change perception shows a highly significant correlation with residents’ age and villages’ elevation gradient. Most respondents did not believe that climate change affected crop growing and their yields, but the number of crop insect pests was thought to be increasing slightly and the crop growth period to be extending. Nearly all respondents believed that climate change seriously affects the mountain tourism economy, and their way of life and spiritual world. Persistent drought in recent years has forced mountain dwellers to adjust industrial structure, save water in the agricultural economy, participate in mountain tourism and work outside the home in order to adapt to climate change impacts and supplement their meager farm incomes. Additionally, residents expect to receive government compensation and relief to mitigate natural disaster damage.     

A Grading Model and Its Application of Natural Disaster

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Natural Disasters and Disaster Relief in China in 2000

1 Natural disasters In 2000, the country suffered a lot from natural disasters, including droughts, floods, hails, typhoons, earthquakes, dust devils, snow, microtherms and cool injuries and so on. According to the 2000 statistics checked and ratified jointly by the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MOCA), State Statistical Administration (SSA), China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the National Office of Headquarters for Flood Control and Drought Resistance, the country suffered a …