通海台磁通门地磁记录仪基线值日变化现象

通过对通海地磁台2009年到2012年地磁记录日变化准确度标定及基线值数据的精度、稳定性和变化形态的分析,结合观测日所产出地磁总强度数据的F-P检验结果,研究基线值随地磁日变化的变化情况。结果表明,通海台M15(FGE磁通门)磁力仪的ZB、GM4磁通门磁力仪的HB与地磁场的日变化具有一定的相关性,存在日变化现象。     

外源菌剂联合柠檬酸强化龙葵修复土壤镉污染

设置对照（CK）、摩西球囊霉菌（GM）、摩西球囊霉菌+柠檬酸（GM+CA）、摩西球囊霉菌+巨大芽孢杆菌（GM+BM）和摩西球囊霉菌+巨大芽孢杆菌+柠檬酸（GM+BM+CA）这5个处理,通过测定土壤全Cd、有效Cd和植株Cd吸收量及微生物群落变化,分析了外源菌剂和柠檬酸添加对龙葵修复Cd污染效果的影响.结果表明,相对于CK处理,GM处理龙葵根、茎和叶生物量显著增加35.67%、41.35%和65.38%,GM+BM+CA处理龙葵根和茎生物量显著增加73.38%和75.38%.GM处理提高了龙葵各部位Cd含量但差异不显著,GM+BM+CA处理龙葵叶部的Cd含量显著提高79.34%.GM处理龙葵茎和叶Cd累积量显著提高47.51%和89.58%.GM+BM+CA处理龙葵叶部Cd累积量显著提高226.84%.GM+BM+CA处理显著增加了Cd由龙葵茎向叶的转运系数,增幅为52.47%.GM+BM+CA处理显著增加了叶的富集系数,增幅为120.53%.此外,联合修复对根际微生物群落结构也产生了影响,特别体现在诱导某些关键微生物类群,如变形菌门、放线菌门、球囊菌门和油壶菌门相对丰度增加2.00%~5.77%、0.76%~9.96%、2.11%~3.63%和0.54%~2.98%.RDA分析发现变形菌门和放线菌门与土壤全Cd呈显著负相关,球囊菌门和油壶菌门与土壤全Cd呈负相关.关键微生物的变化增强了龙葵吸收根际养分和抗Cd胁迫的能力,提高龙葵Cd累积能力,有效降低土壤全Cd含量.综上,摩西球囊霉菌、柠檬酸与巨大芽孢杆菌通过共接种的方式活化了土壤中的难溶态Cd,有助于龙葵富集更多的Cd,同时也与摩西球囊霉菌产生联合修复的效果.富集植物-微生物联合修复Cd污染土壤有较好的应用潜力.     

用于固体废弃物填埋场中的两种复合防渗系统的比较

土工膜 (GM) +压实性粘土 (CCL)的复合防渗层在固体废物填埋场的防渗系统中已较为常用 ,它的防渗效果比单独的GM或CCL要好得多 ;但是 ,这种复合防渗层也存在着一些缺陷。GM +GCL是一种革新的复合防渗系统 ,其中的GCL是对CCL一种有效的替代。本文从一般情况下透过复合防渗层的渗漏量、GM与GCL或CCL的接触情况、冻融和不均匀沉降的影响 ,施工简易程度、节约成本六个方面对 2种复合防渗层作了较为全面的比较。并结合工程实例 ,对 2种复合防渗层用于填埋场封顶系统的情况作了具体的比较。     

Markov灰色残差GM(1,1)模型在滇池观音山断面水质预测中的应用研究

选用2005年-2014年观音山断面水质自动监测资料,利用灰色残差修正GM(1,1)模型对滇池观音山断面pH、DO、CODMn、NH3-N 4个指标2015年、2016年浓度进行预测.结果表明:传统的GM(1,1)模型存在较大预测误差;pH和DO浓度的预测可使用GM(1,1)一次残差修正模型;CODMn和NH3-N浓度的预测可使用GM(1,1)二次残差修正模型.预测2015年观音山断面pH、DO、CODMn、NH3-N年平均浓度分别为8.89、7.96 mg/L、8.9 mg/L、0.31 mg/L;2016年观音山断面pH、DO、CODMn、NH3-N年平均浓度分别为8.92、7.89 mg/L、9.17 mg/L、0.34 mg/L.     

基于MATLAB灰色GM(1,1)模型的大气污染物浓度预测

灰色GM(1,1)预测模型是灰色理论中的重要组成部分,也是主要的预测方法之一,因此,GM(1,1)模型的应用范围很广泛。以乌鲁木齐市市区的大气环境监测数据资料为依据,在分析灰色预测模型基本原理的基础上,利用MATLAB强大的矩阵功能,实现灰色GM(1,1)模型算法。通过灰色系统GM(1,1)模型,对乌鲁木齐市未来4年的环境空气质量进行了预测分析。预测结果显示,乌鲁木齐市未来4年环境空气质量将持续好转,表明近年来乌鲁木齐市采取的产业结构调整和清洁能源战略实施卓有成效。机动车尾气已经逐渐成为目前和未来一段时间内乌鲁木齐市空气污染的主要因素之一,控制和减少车辆尾气对空气的污染不容忽视,为今后乌鲁木齐市制定大气环境规划、防治大气污染控制提供了科学依据。     

两家公司在开发新能源方面取得重要进展

2004年2月初两家公司宣布在新能源开发方面取得重要进展.世界最大化学公司之一的道(DOW)化学公司宣称在其位于德克萨斯州Freeport的制造工厂使用了通用汽车公司(GM)开发的燃料电池技术,用其副产品氢直接发电,该组燃料电池能产生75kW电力,可供约60户人家使用,经4~6个月试验后,GM和DOW将再安装12个组件,共产生1000kW电力.到2006年,DOW计划有约400个组件,共可发电3.5万kW,供应约2%工厂电力需求.GM和DOW的开发工作都得到能源部(DOE)的大力支持.GM负责研究和开发的副总裁LarryBurns说:“我们的燃料电池技术进入固定场所发电市场,将有…     

用灰色系统GM(1,1)模型预测城市交通噪声

本文对灰色系统及灰色系统 GM(1,1)预测模型做了简介,并以沈阳市为例,具体应用 GM(1,1)模型对市区交通噪声进行了预测.本文较详细地说明了使用 GM(1,1)模型进行城市交通噪声预测的方法、步骤及有关问题.     

β—吸收法监测飘尘浓度

一、引言飘尘浓度是表明空气质量的重要指标之一。监测飘尘浓度已为环保部门列为重要监测项目。称重法是最简单的常用方法,其缺点是难以自动监测。光电法、静电法和辐射测量法各有特点,不足之处是测量结果随着飘尘组成和物理性质而变化。应用β射线在物质中衰减原理测量飘尘浓度,其结果与飘尘的化学组成和物理性质无关。应用该原理建立的方法颇多,使用的β放射源有~(14)C、~(89)Sr—~(90)Y、~(85)Kr和~(147)Pm,使用的探测器有GM计数管,硅面垒和GaF_2(Eu)。本文使用~(147)Pm和GM计数管建立飘尘浓度测试方法,灵敏度4μg/cm,被测飘尘粒度10μ以下占96％,10～15μ占4％,仪器具有连续自动监测能力。     

二手机器设备的评估技术与方法

机器设备评估是一门技术要求限高的综合性学科，要想使评估准确，就需使用科学的评估方法。对重成本法和现行市价法进行了较为详细的阐述，它们对旧货经营行业二手设备交易价格的确定有重要的参考价值。     

静电除尘电源的发展

静电除尘电源是静电除尘系统中的关键部分,其性能直接影响除尘器的除尘效果,以静电除尘电源在节能和提高除尘效率上的关键因素为基础,对静电除尘电源的发展进行分析研究。具体阐述了静电除尘电源经历了由单相供电向三相供电、工频调压向高频逆变以及单一供电模式向混合供电模式3条较为明显的发展脉络,指出高频静电除尘电源具有控制方式灵活、输出高电压波形可控、闪络后关闭速度快和重启迅速等优点,是当今静电除尘电源的主要研究发展方向。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.