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降解菌对堆肥中多环芳烃降解作用的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过在堆肥中加人经过驯化的降解菌这种土壤有机污染生物修复技术,对堆肥中多环芳烃的浓度变化进行监测,从而了解降解菌对堆肥中多环芳烃的降解作用。实验结果表明,降解菌的加人能明显地提高多环芳烃的降解率,本次实验中,菲、芴的去除率提高了25%左右,芘的去除率提高了约45%。 相似文献
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一株多环芳烃降解菌的筛选及其降解特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微生物修复是治理土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)污染的主要方法,而高效降解菌筛选是微生物修复技术的重要基础。从北京焦化厂土壤中筛选分离得到一株PAHs降解菌Q3,通过生理生化和16S rDNA等分析手段鉴定其为Rhodococcus rhodochrous。结果表明:该菌株对芘的耐受能力较强,可降解初始浓度为200 mg·L−1的芘;该菌株具有降解广谱性,可利用苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝等9种PAHs为唯一碳源进行代谢,特别是对苯并[a]芘等高环PAHs具有较好的降解效果;此外,该菌株可有效降解模拟液中的混合PAHs,并且对野外被PAHs长期污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复效果。投加菌株处理后的处理组与对照组相比,土壤PAHs总去除率提高了24%。以上结果表明该菌株对环境中被PAHs污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复潜力,可为PAHs污染土壤的微生物修复技术提供技术参考。 相似文献
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微生物降解多环芳烃有机污染物分子遗传学研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
多环芳烃是环境中广泛存在的一类难降解危险性致癌污染物,微生物酶在降解转化多环芳烃的过程及其归趋中起着重要作用。本文就微生物解多环芳烃代谢途径的多样性和分子遗传学机制的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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微生物降解多环芳烃有机污染物分子遗传学研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
多环芳烃是环境中广泛存在的一类难降解危险性致癌污染物 ,微生物酶在降解转化多环芳烃的过程及其归趋中起着重要作用。本文就微生物降解多环芳烃代谢途径的多样性和分子遗传学机制的研究进展进行了综述 相似文献
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利用富集培养技术从某焦化厂土壤中筛选出来的菌种,根据3种不同的配伍方式构成3种不同的菌群。以苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘5种多环芳烃为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基,不同菌群降解效率均达到60%以上。模拟多环芳烃污染的土壤环境,利用正交实验对菌群组合、菌量等因素不同水平探索降解的适宜条件。降解14 d的适宜条件为组合二:菌量20%、温度30℃、土壤含水率15%、营养盐质量比(m(C):m(N):m(P))为120:10:1、表面活性剂500 mg·kg-1、Fenton试剂和植物油2.5%;降解28 d的适宜条件为组合三:菌量10%、温度30℃、土壤含水率15%、m(C):m(N):m(P)为100:10:1、表面活性剂1 000 mg·kg-1、Fenton试剂和植物油5%;降解52 d的适宜条件为组合三:菌量20%、温度20℃、土壤含水率35%、m(C):m(N):m(P)为120:10:1、表面活性剂500 g·kg-1、Fenton试剂和植物油为0。m(C):m(N):m(P)随着降解时间的延长影响作用逐渐减小。在降解的整个阶段,菌群组合的类型对于降解率的影响最大。对于降解14 d时,菌群组合二为最优菌群,对于降解28和52 d时,菌群组合三为最优菌群。 相似文献
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比较研究了β-环糊精(β-CD)对3株黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)CGMCC5.776、GIM3.383和GIM3.393产锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和降解多环芳烃(PAHs)的影响.结果表明:3株菌都能分泌出高活性的MnP,β-CD能显著提高MnP的活性.加入2.0 g/Lβ-CD的体系培养到第12天时.酶活性最高达到2 912.5 U/L;而且β-CD能显著提高PAHs的降解率,两者之间存在较好的相关性.加入1.0 g/L β-CD的体系对比不加β-CD的体系,PAHs的降解率提高了1~2倍.PAHs的降解同时受到MnP活性、PAHs表观溶解度和分子结构稳定性等因素的影响. 相似文献
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采用木糖氧化无色杆菌及混合菌降解水中多环芳烃。考察了木糖氧化无色杆菌的降解广谱性及其对多环芳烃混合底物的降解,特别考察了混合菌对具有弱致癌性的■(Chrysene)的降解特性。结果表明,木糖氧化无色杆菌具有较宽的降解谱,对多环芳烃混合底物具有良好降解特性。当蒽、菲、芘和■4种PAHs共存时,木糖氧化无色杆菌对蒽、菲、芘和■的降解效率分别达83%、66%、85%和80%。与单一木糖氧化无色杆菌相比,混合菌对的降解效率较高。尖镰孢菌与木糖氧化无色杆菌、茄镰孢菌与木糖氧化无色杆菌和3株菌同时共存时,■的降解效率分别达87%、88%和86%。 相似文献
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以腐植酸(HA) 溶液为吸附剂、从受多环芳烃污染的土壤中分离出来的降解菌制成为生物修复剂,以多环芳烃(PAHs)萘、菲、芘、荧蒽、苯并蒽、苯并芘为土壤污染物,对PAHs污染土壤进行修复实验。目的是筛选与分离吸附于HA的PAHs降解菌,研究HA与降解菌的协同效应对PAHs的降解效率的影响。用经过HA吸附的PAHs富集分离培养出1株高效降解菌株, 命名为Tzyx3,鉴定其为解脂耶氏酵母菌(Yarrowia lipolytica)。15 d后,土壤中萘、菲、芘、荧蒽、苯并蒽、苯并芘的降解率分别为90.7%、91.0%、74.7%、86.9%、84.7%和74.7%,表明Tzyx3和HA在PAHs污染土壤中存在协作关系,Tzyx3能够直接利用HA对土壤中的多环芳烃进行降解。 相似文献
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改性膨润土对水体中多环芳烃的吸附 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
改性膨润土被广泛地应用于吸附水体中重金属离子和有机污染物,但关于改性膨润土吸附水体中多环芳烃混合物的动力学研究鲜见报道。利用十二烷基三甲溴化铵和十二烷基磺酸钠对膨润土进行改性,并将之应用于吸附水体中萘、蒽、菲和芘4种多环芳烃,考察了吸附剂投加量、时间和温度等条件对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,在25℃、吸附时间40 min、起始浓度为1.25 mg/mL、改性膨润土的投加量为4 g/L的条件下,该吸附剂对萘、蒽、菲和芘的吸附率分别为99.1%、99.6%、98.7%和98.9%。改性膨润土对水体中4种多环芳烃的吸附机理服从准二级动力学方程,该吸附剂吸附等温线服从Langmuir方程。 相似文献
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This study investigated the anaerobic degradation of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Erren River sediment in southern Taiwan. The degradation rates of PAH were in the order: acenaphthene > fluorene > phenanthrene > anthracene > pyrene. The degradation rate was enhanced when the five compounds were present simultaneously in river sediment. Comparison of the PAH degradation rates under three reducing conditions showed the following order: sulfate-reducing conditions > methanogenic conditions > nitrate-reducing conditions. The addition of electron donors (acetate, lactate and pyruvate) enhanced PAH degradation under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions. However, the addition of acetate, lactate or pyruvate inhibited PAH degradation under nitrate-reducing conditions. The addition of heavy metals, nonylphenol and phthalate esters (PAEs) inhibited PAH degradation. Our results show that sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogen and eubacteria are involved in the degradation of PAH; sulfate-reducing bacteria constitute a major microbial component in PAH degradation. Of the microorganism strains isolated from the sediment samples, we found that strain ER9 expressed the greatest biodegrading ability. 相似文献
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Artur Ciemniak Agata Witczak Kamila Mocek 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):993-998
The aim of this study was to assess honey contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Six species of honey were examined, as well as rape blossom and soil from villages P?czerzyno and Przybys?aw in West Pomerania, Poland. The instrumental analysis was performed using a HP 6890 gas chromatograph coupled to a HP 5973 mass spectrometer with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Quantification was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using perdeuterated internal standards. Both soil samples showed high levels of all 23 PAHs, whereas honey contained mostly non-carcinogenic PAHs of low molecular weight. The most contaminated honey from P?czerzyno contained 0.24 μg kg-1 benzo[a]pyrene. Moreover, despite low contamination of honey, a positive correlation was found between PAH content in honey, blossom and soil. 相似文献
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针对采油废水中含有多环芳烃种类多且较难去除的特点,采用UV-Fenton技术对采油废水中多环芳烃的处理效果进行了研究,通过正交实验和单因素实验,研究了在254 nm波长紫外光照射下,Fe2+投加量、H2O2投加量、pH值和光照时间对水样中多环芳烃中的菲和芴处理效果的影响。实验结果显示,处理初始浓度为1 000μg/L的菲、芴时,反应的最佳工艺条件为:Fe2+浓度为1.8 mmol/L、H2O2投加量为0.15 mmol/L、pH值为4、光照时间1.25 h。在此条件下,菲和芴的去除率可达71.9%。 相似文献
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针对修复焦化厂高浓度多环芳烃污染土壤高成本的现实,采用以非食用性植物油、生物柴油、表面活性剂及其乳化合成的微乳液为淋洗剂,比较不同淋洗剂的淋洗效果。结果表明乳化合成的微乳液对焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃的总去除率高于单独使用表面活性剂为淋洗剂对土壤中多环芳烃的总去除率,说明生物柴油及植物油与表面活性剂乳化形成的微乳液对原污染土壤中的多环芳烃具有显著的增溶作用。1%TW-80和2.5%TW-80对土壤中多环芳烃总去除率分别为11%和14%;以2.5%TW-80为原料乳化合成的微乳液的淋洗去除率较以1%TW-80为原料乳化合成的微乳液高,总去除率分别为15%~30%和11%~18%;以生物柴油为原料乳化合成的微乳液的淋洗去除率较以植物油为原料乳化合成的微乳液高,分别为17%~30%和15%~23%,且对多环芳烃的去除率与其辛醇水分配系数(logKow)呈线性相关关系。 相似文献
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采用Oasis HLB柱固相萃取的前处理技术,以气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC/MS)的分析方法,对我国北方永定河上游黑土洼人工湿地中多环芳烃污染的特征以及分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,该湿地系统以低环数多环芳烃污染为主,其中浓度最高的是菲和蒽,未检出高环数(5环、6环)多环芳烃.通过比较进水和出水的浓度,湿地系统总体上不能有效去除进水中的多环芳烃.但是比较不同工艺单元进出水浓度,复氧、植物根系及微生物等均影响到多环芳烃的去除效果,去除率在28%~65%之间. 相似文献
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This study investigated environmental distributions and production mechanisms of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAHs) in the sediments from some tidal flats located in Asia. Cl-PAHs were found in sediments taken from Arao tidal flat, Kikuchigawa River and Shirakawa River. The range of ∑Cl-PAHs was from 25.5 to 483 pg g−1 for Kikuchigawa River and Arao tidal flat, respectively.Concentrations of PAHs and Cl-PAHs showed no significant correlations (r = 0.134). This result suggests that the origins of these compounds differ. In the identified Cl-PAH isomers, the most abundant Cl-PAH isomer was 9,10-dichloroanthracene (9,10-di-Cl-ANT) in the three sites. In general, concentrations of Cl-ANTs in the coastal environment are about 3-5 orders of magnitude lower than those of anthracene (ANT). However, concentration ratios between Cl-ANTs and ANT (Cl-ANTs/ANT) in the sediments ranged from 4.1% to 24.6%. This result indicated that Cl-PAHs were not generated under industrial processes but the high concentration ratios have resulted from the contribution of photochemical production of Cl-ANTs in the sediments because ANT is known to have high photochemical reactivity.For examining this phenomenon, ANT adsorbed onto glass beads was irradiated with UV under the mimicked field conditions of tidal flats. As a result, it was noticed that, while chlorinated derivatives were negligible in a light-controlled group, production of 2-Cl-ANT, 9-Cl-ANT and 9,10-diCl-ANT on the irradiated surface were found in this study. These results suggest that photochemical reaction of PAHs can be a potential source of the occurrence of Cl-PAHs in the coastal environment. 相似文献