It pays to have an eye for emotions: Emotion recognition ability indirectly predicts annual income

This study integrates the emotion and social influence literatures to examine how emotion recognition ability (ERA) relates to annual income. In a sample of 142 employee–peer–supervisor triads from a broad range of jobs and organizations, we find that people's level of ERA indirectly relates to how much they earn per year. The relationship between ERA and annual income is mediated sequentially through political skill and interpersonal facilitation. The results imply that emotional abilities allow people not only to process affect‐laden information effectively but also to use this information to successfully navigate the social world of organizations in the pursuit of prosperity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The interactive effects of conscientiousness,openness to experience,and political skill on job performance in complex jobs: The importance of context

Caveats concerning the ability of personality to predict job performance have been raised because of seemingly modest criterion‐related validity. The goal of the present research was to test whether narrowing the context via the type of job (i.e., jobs with complex task demands) and adding a social skill‐related moderator (i.e., political skill) would improve performance prediction. Further, along with political skill, the broad factor of personality demonstrated in prior research to have the strongest criterion validity (i.e., conscientiousness) was joined with a narrow construct closely related to openness to experience (i.e., learning approach) in a three‐way interactive prediction of supervisor‐rated task performance. With the employee–supervisor dyads among professionals, but not with the control group of non‐professional employees, task performance was predicted by the three‐way interaction, such that those high on all three received the highest performance ratings. Implications, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

增强机组监控技能,确保飞行安全

良好的监控技能对确保飞行安全,预防飞行事故发生有十分重要的作用.但由于多方面原因,当前的飞行机组监控工作还存在不少问题,并成为多起飞行事故主要原因之一.笔者从四方面,对民用航空飞行中缺乏良好监控的原因予以分析和说明:持续有效的监控工作不符合人的本性;现行规章制度中未把机组监控技能作为所有机组成员,尤其是对辅助操纵者的一项重要任务加以确定;现有管理制度与管理观念,更多关注行为结果而不是行为发生过程;飞行训练中未将其作为重要飞行技能加以训练.笔者强调指出:采用标准操作程序,提高相应飞行阶段的监控技能,对不同飞行阶段的工作负荷予以计划和控制、进行工作优先排序,加强机组成员间配合,在训练中强化监控技能培养等措施,有助于改进和增强飞行机组的监控技能,确保飞行安全.     

The influence of a real job on upper limb performance in motor skill tests: which abilities are transferred?

To investigate whether the specificities of real jobs create distinctions in the performance of workers in different motor tests for the upper limbs, 24 participants were divided into two groups according to their specific job: fine and repetitive tasks and general tasks. Both groups reproduced tasks related to aiming movements, handling and strength of the upper limbs. There were no significant differences between groups in the dexterity and performance of aiming movements. However, the general tasks group had higher grip strength than the repetitive tasks group, demonstrating differences according to job specificity. The results suggest that a particular motor skill in a specific job cannot improve performance in other tasks with the same motor requirements. The transfer of the fine and gross motor skills from previous experience in a job-specific task is the basis for allocating training and guidance to workers.     

On-road and simulated driving: concurrent and discriminant validation

Introduction

A converging pair of studies investigated the validity of a simulator for measuring driving performance/skill.

Study 1

A concurrent validity study compared novice driver performance during an on-road driving test with their performance on a comparable simulated driving test.

Results

Results showed a reasonable degree of concordance in terms of the distribution of driving errors on-road and errors on the simulator. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the two when driver performance was rank ordered according to errors, further establishing the relative validity of the simulator. However, specific driving errors on the two tasks were not closely related suggesting that absolute validity could not be established and that overall performance is needed to establish the level of skill.

Study 2

A discriminant validity study compared driving performance on the simulator across three groups of drivers who differ in their level of experience - a group of true beginners who had no driving experience, a group of novice drivers who had completed driver education and had a learner's permit, and a group of fully licensed, experienced drivers.

Results

The findings showed significant differences among the groups in the expected direction -- the various measures of driving errors showed that beginners performed worse than novice drivers and that experienced drivers had the fewest errors. Collectively, the results of the concurrent and discriminant validity studies support the use of the simulator as a valid measure of driving performance for research purposes.

Impact on industry

These findings support the use of a driving simulator as a valid measure of driving performance for research purposes. Future research should continue to examine validity between on-road driving performance and performance on a driving simulator and the use of simulated driving tests in the evaluation of driver education/training programs.     

Driver-training and emergency brake performance in cars with antilock braking systems

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a two-day post-license driver-training program on brake performance in cars with antilock braking systems (ABS). A trainee group (n = 26) and a control group (n = 13) participated in the experiment. The trainee group were enrolled in a two-day training course that included instruction in a braking technique that may be used in cars with and without ABS. All participants performed emergency brake tests from 80 and 100 km h⁻¹ in an instrumented car before and after the training period. Results indicated the post-training group used a smoother braking profile, were less reliant on ABS activation, had enhanced postural stability, but took about one car length longer to stop from 100 km h⁻¹ compared with the control group. Implications of these results for braking in cars with and without ABS, and for driver education programs in general are discussed.     

飞行安全技术评价指标体系实证研究

为有助于科学合理地拟定飞行员飞行技术培训方案,在分析飞行技术内涵的前提下,结合前人的研究,采用专家访谈法,确定飞行安全技术的30个影响要素;在问卷调查的基础上,通过探索性因素分析建立飞行安全技术评价指标体系,该体系包括飞行前准备、飞行程序与技能、飞行监控等7个一级指标以及资料/文件准备、机外检查、机内检查等30个二级指标;通过验证性因素分析检验该体系的有效性。研究表明:机组资源管理对飞行安全技术的影响程度最大,飞行监控、飞行操作性/稳定性、飞行程序与技能、信息与决策、特殊情况处理次之,飞行前准备最小。     

驾驶人应激反应能力强化培训方法

为提升驾驶人对突发交通状况的处理能力,预防交通事故,通过收集并整理国内典型应激场景,建立不同道路类型及天气下的三维应激场景库;综合国内外文献提出以舒尔特方格训练驾驶人注意力,选择反应仪加强驾驶人应激反应能力的心理培训与基于驾驶模拟器三维应激场景库的驾驶人技能培训相结合的应激反应能力培训方法;对20名被试进行培训,选择应激处置绩效为指标评估培训前后的应激绩效。结果表明:在83.33%的应激场景中,培训后的被试的应激处置绩效高于培训前;就单个场景而言,培训后的绩效显著提升,且趋于稳定;所开发的驾驶人应激反应能力培训方法对提升驾驶人应激反应能力和操作正确率有良好的效果。     

高技能人才工伤保护改进路径

高技能人才由于职业、岗位、才技与众不同,其工伤保护也存在一些特殊性.实践中,并未专门针对高技能人才制定特别的工伤保护措施.为此,笔者分析高技能人才工作时段和场所较易变动、劳动强度较大等特点,提出风险和事故的高发生率是科技活动内在的客观规律等,提出应给予失败者和事故责任者必要的宽容.建议政府应结合不同行业、不同岗位的技术含量和风险特点,从工伤认定、劳动能力鉴定、工伤保险待遇及浮动费率核算几方面改进现有工伤保护政策,且应加强高技能人才工伤预防和促进高技能人才职业康复.结合前文论述,笔者提出了相应政策和实用的对策.     

Right versus left: How does political ideology affect the workplace?

Underscored by perceived moral truths and at times punctuated by hypocrisy, political ideology is a deeply held conviction for many individuals, affecting their behavior. In an organizational setting, conflicting political ideologies may lead to a number of undesirable outcomes. This Incubator calls for further study into this important individual trait.     

企业提供与建筑工人参加安全培训的博弈研究

为提高建筑工人的安全技能,采用演化博弈的理论方法,研究影响施工企业提供安全技能培训和建筑工人参加安全技能培训项目意愿的因素。通过识别企业和工人博弈的利益焦点,构建政府参与下的施工企业是否提供安全技能培训和建筑工人是否参与培训的博弈支付矩阵,分析九种情境下,企业和工人动态演化系统的演化稳定策略(ESS)。研究表明:没有政府对施工企业的奖惩措施,企业不会提供安全技能培训;在政府参与下,只要不提供安全技能培训可以获得收益,施工企业不会提供安全技能培训;只有培训后提高收益,建筑工人才会参加安全技能培训。     

企业跨国经营中的东道国政治风险及其防范对策

东道国政治风险是企业在跨国经营中所面临的最大环境风险.随着我国企业跨国经营程度的不断提升,强化跨国经营的东道国政治风险防范显得越来越迫切.笔者从国家主权、政府政策的稳定性及经济民族主义3方面,考察企业跨国经营中东道国政治风险的生成基础;从政府行动角度分析东道国政治风险的诸多形式,进而对如何评估跨国经营中东道国政治风险问题做了思考并构建了进行东道国政治风险评估的内容体系;提出控制东道国政治风险的策略,即最小化东道国的敌对情绪、组织好在东道国的经营业务、实施有计划的本土化行动策略、购买政治风险保险以及制定灾难恢复计划等.     

面向国家需求的应急技术与管理专业人才培养体系研究

为推动高校应急技术及管理专业建设、加强应急救援人才培养,基于国家应急需求明确专业定位,从职业道德素养、理论知识体系、实践技术能力等方面,提出应急技术与管理专业人才培养模式。首先,参考《应急救援技术专业教学标准》和《应急救援员国家职业技能标准》中的职业道德要求,确定专业职业素养;其次,从应急管理预防、准备、响应、恢复(PPRR)模型出发,构建覆盖应急管理全周期的专业核心课程体系;然后,提出学训结合、政产研融合,共同推进应急技能培养和实践创新能力提升;最后,从教材建设、师资队伍、培养质量监控、人才考核体系、持续改进机制等方面,构建人才培养质量保障体系。结果表明:结合应急技术与管理专业的公共服务和社会责任属性、全周期工作内容和全灾种、多主体实际应用,构建人才培养体系,可以建立专业人才培养与实务工作需求之间的紧密联系,为培养德才兼备、理论与实践并重的应急领域高层次应用型人才提供借鉴。