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为客观反映液化石油气灌(LPG)装站整体安全生产状况,用社会网络分析法研究灌装站安全评价标准。基于某市区域内100家LPG灌装站安全评价现场检查数据,借助UCINET软件对安全评价指标进行结点中心度、接近中心度和间距中心度分析,探究安全评价指标的重要度、紧密度以及控制、影响其他评价指标的程度,确定14项中心度较高的核心评价指标及其对应的灌装站的潜在安全隐患,并与实际统计数据进行了对比。结果表明,该方法分析结果与灌装站实际情况相符。 相似文献
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为研究具有中国特色的非常规突发事件应急管理拳头模式,将国家应急管理工作组(NEMWG)合作网络视为一个大型社会合作网络,分析其结构特征和运行机制。以汶川地震为例,基于二分网络构建应对汶川地震的NEMWG合作网络模型,其中将政府应急主体视为节点,应急主体在工作组中的合作关系视为边。基于社会网络分析的度、介数和接近性3类中心性指标,分析政府职能部门、军队和大型国有企业等应急主体,在合作网络中的个体位置优先性和重要性。结果表明,各应急主体在汶川地震应对合作网络中具有不同的活动能力、控制能力和依赖性,应据此进一步完善NEMWG组织架构,构建适应性更强的政府应急管理体系。 相似文献
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为深入探究我国不同区域高速公路货车事故特征的差异性,解决货车事故高发问题,应用分类学和社会网络分析等方法,分别选取南方的浙江省和北方的吉林省两地主要货车事故数据,初步分类分析后,构建事故影响因素关系网络图和中心度排序表,对比2组数据,结果表明:浙江、吉林两地货车事故在数量、严重程度、原因以及复杂程度等方面存在较大差异;气象条件、车辆类型和疲劳驾驶是影响事故严重程度的重要因素;不同区域、天气和驾驶经验对司机的不安全驾驶行为有较大影响。 相似文献
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为提升应急知识在人际间的传播效率,采用问卷调查法、社会网络分析法,以农村居民为研究对象,并运用Ucinet6.645软件,从人际传播视角,分析农村居民在应急知识传播网络的密度和节点的点度中心度、特征向量中心度和中介中心度,研究其应急知识传播效率和网络结构。结果表明:农村居民应急知识传播网络稀疏,人际间的应急知识传播意识有待提高;网络中对他人影响力大的居民,对应急知识传播网络起着重要作用,借助关键居民可促进应急文化传播。 相似文献
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We examined whether sexualizing a businesswoman impacts attitudes toward subsequently evaluated, nonsexualized females applying for a corporate managerial position. Research shows that sexualized women are perceived as less warm and competent (i.e., objectified). Integrating this work with research on social cognition, we hypothesized that the negative effect of sexualization “spills over” onto other nonsexualized women, reducing their hireability. Across two experiments, initially sexualized women were perceived as less warm and competent, as were subsequently evaluated nonsexualized female job candidates. In turn, these negative perceptions reduced the applicants' probability of being hired. Sexualization of women also increased intentions to hire a subsequently evaluated male candidate. The results were robust when we controlled for evaluators' gender and age. Our findings demonstrate that female job applicants can experience detrimental effects from sexually based objectification, even when they are not the individuals initially sexualized. We discuss implications for women's careers. 相似文献
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Debate exists as to what the more appropriate prediction is regarding the effects of multiple stigmatized group memberships on employment discrimination. The ethnic prominence (EP), multiple minority status (MMS), and subordinate male target hypotheses were assessed for the combined effects of ethnic group membership (Arabic), sex, social status, and job type on hiring evaluations. Two correspondence tests in the field (Study 1) and two experimental studies in the lab (Study 2) and in the field (Study 3) were conducted. Studies 1 and 2 showed evidence for the EP hypothesis when low‐status jobs were tested. The odds for rejection were four times higher for Arab than for Dutch applicants. Applicants' sex, socio‐economic status, and external client contact did not moderate findings (Study 1). The effect of applicants' ethnic group membership was further moderated by raters' motivation to control prejudice (Study 2). Study 3 showed evidence for the MMS hypothesis. We found double jeopardy against Arab women who applied for high‐status jobs when recruiters' prejudice was controlled. Study findings show that discrimination in resume screening may depend upon the particular intersection of applicant, job, and recruiter characteristics. We discussed implications for anonymous resume screening and research on evaluation of applicants possessing multiple stigmatizing characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Introduction: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between parents’ work-related injuries and their children’s mental health, and whether children’s work centrality – the extent to which a child believes work will play an important part in their life – exacerbates or buffers this relationship. Method: We argue that high work centrality can exacerbate the relationship between parental work injuries and children’s mental health, with parental work injuries acting as identity-threatening stressors; in contrast, high work centrality may buffer this relationship, with parental work injuries acting as identity-confirming stressors. We test this relationship with a sample of Canadian children (N = 4,884, 46.2% female, M age = 13.67 years). Results:Children whose parents had experienced more frequent lost-time work-related injuries reported worse mental health with high work centrality buffering this negative relationship. Conclusions: Our study highlights the vicarious effects of work injuries on salient others, specifically parental work injuries on children’s mental health, as well as the role of work centrality in shaping children’s sense-making and expectations about the consequences of work. 相似文献
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为了探索影响高校不安全的因素及影响机制,提升高校管理水平,采用文献分析和问卷调查的方法建立基于个体、环境和管理因素间的关系概念模型。运用社会网络分析(SNA)构建关系网络模型,分析其结构与节点特性等情况并提出相应建议。研究结果表明:利用社会网络分析方法分析高校不安全因素关系问题可信度高,不安全因素间存在一定的影响关系,影响力最大的因素为高校扩招;关键不安全因素包括安全排查不全面、高校安全监管与奖惩制度不合理等;关键不安全因素可构成连锁反应链,高校安全排查不全面,导致高校安保制度不健全,进而校园周边环境复杂化;不安全因素网络的桥节点包括高校安全监管与奖惩制度不合理等,桥节点可连接反应链形成不安全因素网络。研究结果能帮助高校针对关键不安全因素进行管理,从而减少事故的发生。 相似文献
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The present study addresses the ongoing debate concerning academic scientific productivity. Specifically, given the increasing number of collaborations in academia and the crucial role networks play in knowledge creation, we investigate the extent to which building social capital within the academic community represents a valuable resource for a scientist's knowledge‐creation process. We measure the social capital in terms of structural position within the academic collaborative network. Furthermore, we analyse the extent to which an academic scientist's research specialization and ties that cross‐community boundaries act as moderators of the aforementioned relationship. Empirical results derived from an analysis of an Italian academic community from 2001 to 2008 suggest academic scientists that build social capital by occupying central positions in the community outperform their more isolated colleagues. However, scientific productivity declines beyond a certain threshold value of centrality, hence revealing the existence of an inverted U‐shaped relationship. This relationship is negatively moderated by the extent to which an academic focuses research activities in few scientific knowledge domains, whereas it is positively moderated by the number of cross‐community ties established. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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While it is generally known that interpersonal trust facilitates individual functioning, few studies have examined the role of specific features of the interpersonal trust network — individual, dyadic, third‐party, and network‐level features — on individual performance. We adopt a multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust to examine how individuals' performance is not only predicted by their individual‐level centrality in the interpersonal trust network but also moderated, at the network level, by the overall centralized nature of that network. Further, we examine whether mutual trust relationships at the dyadic level, as well as shared trust ties to common third parties, can predict individuals' performance. We test our hypotheses with 206 members in 15 professional networking groups and find that interpersonal trust operates at multiple levels to predict members' performance in terms of generating income from business referrals. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications on how interpersonal trust relationships operate and can be managed for performance gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为提高空管系统安全管理水平,提出基于过程的故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)方法,识别终端区管制系统潜在的风险因素;构建DEMATEL-ISM模型,运用决策实验室分析(DEMATEL)模型计算各风险因素的影响度和被影响度,确定要素的因果属性和中心度排序,运用解释结构模型(ISM)构建系统风险递阶结构,表征管制系统中各风险因素的致因属性和层次关系;并以某终端区管制系统为例,验证DEMATEL-ISM模型的有效性。结果表明:DEMATEL-ISM模型可将所论系统的风险因素按致因属性分为3个类别,即6个直接致因、10个过渡致因和3个本质致因;递阶结构可有效表征终端区管制系统风险的内在关联,实现系统风险分析。 相似文献
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基于复杂网络理论的轨道交通网络脆弱性分析 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
叶青 《中国安全科学学报》2012,22(2):122-126
城市轨道交通是城市客运体系的重要支撑,而突发事件易使某些轨道交通站点瘫痪,从而影响轨道交通网络全局效率.分析城市交通轨道网络的拓扑特征和脆弱性对于优化路网结构、保障稳定运营有重要意义.以重庆市轨道交通网络为例,使用Space L法构建拓扑网络并用Matlab软件分析节点度、平均路径长度、聚类系数等指标和分布规律,定量计算各个站点对于蓄意攻击的脆弱性,以鉴定对网络效率影响最大的关键站点.模拟攻击实验结果表明:现阶段重庆市轨道交通网络平均路径长度较大,聚集系数较小,网络连通性有待提高.面对蓄意攻击时,红旗河沟站和大坪站作为关键节点对网络效率的影响较大.在加快重庆市轨道交通建设的同时,应在运营中加强保护关键站点. 相似文献
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Sean T. Hannah 《组织行为杂志》2015,36(Z1):S104-S168
The role of the self in moral functioning has gained considerable theoretical and empirical attention over the last 25 years. A general consensus has emerged that the self plays a vital role in individuals' moral agency. This surge of research produced a proliferation of constructs related to the moral self, each grounded in diverse theoretical perspectives. Although this work has advanced our understanding of moral thought and behavior, there has also been a lack of clarity as to the nature and functioning of the moral self. We review and synthesize empirical research related to the moral self and provide an integrative framework to increase conceptual coherence among the various relevant constructs. We then discuss emerging opportunities and future directions for research on the moral self as well as implications for behavioral ethics in organizational contexts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为提升空中交通管理系统运行能力,利用复杂网络理论研究空中交通态势风险的客观测度方法。以航空器、航路点、航路为节点,提出这3类节点间风险关系的计算方法,并以风险关系为边,建立动态加权空中交通网络模型;将网络中所有边的权值总和定义为空中交通态势总体风险值;选取典型空中交通情景计算验证模型的有效性。研究表明:空中交通态势风险值随航空器之间汇聚度、航空器与关键点接近度以及航空器偏离航段程度的增强而增大,反之亦然。因此,该方法综合空域结构和交通流特征对空中交通态势的影响,量化了空中交通态势的风险程度。 相似文献
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风网平衡图是矿井通风管理的一种重要手段.笔者首次创造性的提出层次性的风网平衡图,把风网平衡图做成一个具有层次图形显示、连续双向查询、自动优化网络、数据管理的图形数据库.利用VLISP语言在Auto CAD平台上开发一套矿井通风平衡图的层次性生成及优化软件,可以扩展Auto CAD的数据接口、充分发挥它的图形功能、数据管理功能,使通风网络平衡图成为一个具有自动优化功能的数据库系统.软件具有可视化、自动风网优化、数据管理、效率高的特点. 相似文献
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为提升城市轨道交通的可靠性,提出一种基于区间修复的城市轨道交通故障恢复策略;以网络平均效率度量网络韧性性能函数,按不同折返区段分段处理失效线路,构建以网络韧性损失和恢复总时长最小为目标的城市轨道交通故障恢复模型,设计NSGA-Ⅱ算法求解模型;并以成都地铁网络为例,探讨环线失效和放射线失效2种场景下列车运行交路调整对网络恢复决策及网络恢复性能的影响。结果表明:提出的故障恢复方法能有效避免站点修复完成后仍需长时间等待其他站点修复完成才能接入线网运营的情况,考虑列车运行交路调整恢复方案的韧性损失比不考虑运行交路调整时减少28.3%;是否考虑列车运行交路调整对网络环线线路的故障恢复决策影响较大,对外围放射区域线路的故障恢复决策影响较小。 相似文献
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李岩 《中国安全科学学报》2019,29(Z2):51-56
为有效地提高铁路通信网络性能监测质量,实现网络故障超前预防,加强网络运用质量管理工作,结合综合网管的特点和基本功能,通过对铁路通信网安全生产中运用质量管理工作内容进行梳理,探讨由于专业网管分散设置、能力不足而引起的网络性能监测和网络性能数据统计工作效率和质量不高的问题,分析综合网管在通信网运用质量管理相关的功能需求,如实时性能监测和性能数据统计分析功能,进而阐述功能的具体实现方案。研究表明:利用综合网管的数据集中采集的特点,针对性地进行功能开发,可以有效弥补专业网管功能和能力上的不足,提高网络性能监测和性能数据统计分析的质量和效率,从而提高铁路通信网安全生产管理水平。 相似文献
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复杂的矿井通风系统不仅对风网解算提出了更高的要求,对构建的通风网络进行风网检查也变得极其重要。首次提出了风网有效性分析的概念,通过分析改进的回路风量法解算的要求,从数据检查、风网检查和收敛性分析三个方面对通风网络图有效性进行了系统深入的分析,实现了相应的风网检查算法。通过进行强连通性分析可以使假拓扑风网更接近真实风网,通过对固定风量检查可以找出拓扑关联重复性设置的固定风量分支;通过对回路进行独立性检查和收敛性分析使得构建的通风网络尽量满足风网解算的要求,避免回路假收敛并提高解算收敛速度。 相似文献