苏联劳动保护专业报——《非常事件》创刊

苏联劳动保护专家协会主席B·Г·达维多夫在最近出版的《非常事件》报第1期上撰文说:“劳动保护专家协会是在最动荡时期,劳动保护处于异常恶劣的状况下诞生的。15年来,第一次发生工伤事故率上升的现象。受害人数超过67万之多,其中死亡人数占14.5万。面对这种严峻的局面,全体专家必须刻不容缓地加强广泛的社会联合,为真正从根本上改善工人的劳动条件和实现安全生产而奋斗。” 《非常事件》报是全苏劳动保护专家协会根据1990年5月召开的会议精神创办的。该报为月刊,已出版第1期。 该报的宗旨明确,是为劳动、健康和环境保护服务。主题将广泛…     

劳动保护监察行政诉讼讲座 第三讲 劳动保护监察行政诉讼的受案范围和管辖

一、哪些劳动保护监察行政争议由人民法院审理? 根据行政讼诉法的规定,公民、法人和其它组织因不服劳动保护监察机构的处罚而与之产生争议,依照法律向人民法院提起诉讼,这种案件属于人民法院审理的范围。 人民法院受理的劳动保护监察行政争议案件必须具备以下几个条件: (一)行政争议是因不服劳动保护监察机构处罚这一监察行政行为而发生的 劳动保护监察机构的监察行政行为,主要可分为两类。一类是抽象监察行政行为。即制定安全技术、劳动卫生规程、标准等。制定具有法律规范性的规程、标准等监察行政行为,具有广泛性和抽象性,而不具体化,一…     

要闻

要闻李鹏总理要求加强外资企业职工的劳动保护３月４日，李鹏总理在国务院召开的全国外资工作座谈会上，强调了必须加强对外资企业职工的劳动保护。李鹏说，最近外资企业发生几起严重的不安全事故，说明一些外资企业劳动安全条件很差，有的甚至侵犯职工的权益。保护外资企...     

史海拾贝

新中国成立60周年,我国的劳动保护、安全生产事业从无到有,从小到大,从弱到强,但这条路并不是直线发展的。不论是人们的理念,还是体制和机制、法制建设、队伍建设等等,都随着我国经济建设的发展变化,跌宕起伏。本期,我们从《劳动保护》杂志的前身《劳动保护通讯》中,选取了新中国成立以来发生的一些具有重要历史意义的事件,让我们回顾党和国家历来对劳动保护、安全生产工作的重视。1959年9月26日,全国劳动保护展览会在北京新落成的劳动保护展览馆开幕,朱德同志为展览馆题名。     

劳动保护科学体系学术讨论会

1982年11月,中国劳动保护科学技术学会筹备委员会在京召开了劳动保护科学体系学术讨论会。参加会议的有国家机关、劳动保护科研单位和有关高等院校的教授、高级工程师、副研究员、助理研究员、讲师、工程师等44人。会议讨论了劳动保护科学体系、劳动保护科学的学科归属和专业人才的培养教育问题,宣读了23篇学术论文。 会议指出,劳动保护科学是研究如何消除生产劳动中的有害因素,防止伤亡事故、职业病和职业中毒的发生,保护劳动者的安全健康,并进一步创造良好的劳动条件的一门综合性科学。它是跨学科门类的,但基本上属自然科学范畴。它的主要…     

我国防尘护具的生产现状及发展趋势

劳动保护用品是对劳动者在生产劳动过程中保障生命安全与健康的一种防御性装备,是防止伤亡事故和职业病必不可少的辅助措施。在特殊作业环境条件下,如劳动条件脏差、抢险救灾、危害严重或整体防护措施起不到作用时,采用个人保护用品就成为必要的防护措施,而呼吸器官的尘害防护在劳动保护用品中占有极其重要的地位。1 防尘护具的分类 呼吸器官的防尘护具可分为过滤式和隔离式两类(见表1),其主要技术性能(见     

完善新体制下劳动保护工作的群众监督

在深化改革、企业转换经营机制、建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中,企业各种所有制和各种经营方式的产生和发展,给劳动保护带来了许多新问题。这些新问题与计划经济体制条件下一直没有根本解决的老问题交织在一起,情况就更加严重,导致了伤亡事故增加,特别是重大、特大事故的迅猛增多,职业危害更加严重。在当前,必需进一步完善与加强劳动保护的群众监督,采取强有力的措施防止在全国范围内再次出现事故高峰。 一、劳动保护工作群众监督的基本情况 党的十一届三中全会以来,党和政府为加强劳动保护工作采取了一系列重大措施。确立了“安全第一,预…     

我公司劳动保护教育室简介

我公司于1980年建立劳动保护教育室。面积348m~2,一间为展览厅288m~2,一间为教室60m~2,配有桌椅50套,放像机一台,50cm(20英寸)彩电2台,带无线电话筒收录机1台,安全录像带20多盒,照相机2台以及易燃易爆气体、高频电磁场、粉尘、噪声等测定仪器。劳动保护教育室为普及劳动保护知识、开展教育培训提供了固定场所和一定的教学条件。开展劳动保护科普宣传。我们利用展览厅先后举办两次劳动保护展览,内容包括国家劳动保护方针政策、公司劳动保护概况、典型事故案例和今后工作要点等4个部分。采用木质隔板粘贴图表、照片,用吹塑纸装饰,配以文字诗画,内容形式较为生动。     

《职业卫生技术服务机构监督管理暂行办法》解读

<正>背景我国职业病危害分布广,涉及煤炭、冶金、化工、建筑等传统工业以及计算机、医药等新兴产业,尤其是一些中小企业劳动保护条件差、职业病危害严重。张德江副总理在今年全国安全生产电视电话会议上也指出,相当一部分企业特别是中     

从事劳动保护工作的几点体会

崇文区所属企业多数原来是大跃进以来建立发展的街道工业,劳动条件较差,房屋简陋,作业面积小,加之近年来生产发展较快,设备增添,新人增加,这些给搞好劳动保护工作,带来一定的困难。 文化大革命前,在大叛徒刘少奇所推行的“技术第一”、“洋奴哲学”、“爬行主义”等反革命修正主义路线的影响下,劳动保护工作有脱离政治、脱离实际、脱离群众的错误倾向;还有一些单位放松管理,劳动保护工作处于无人管的状态。这些都严重地影响了劳动保护工作的正常开展。 但是,十几年来,尤其是一九七○年毛主席亲自批示“照发”的中共中央《关于加强安全生产的…     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

WTO与中国安全生产

新世纪之始,中国将要迈进世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）。在入世的过程中,与美国为首的发达国家之间始终存在着阻挠与反阻挠、限制与反限制的斗争,目前虽已告一段落,但远未结束。可以预见,中国加入ＷＴＯ之后,斗争非但不会停止,甚至可能会更复杂、更激烈。这场经济、贸易斗争实际上还有着深刻的政治与社会背景。最近几年,发达国家一直在努力使社会条款纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在“关注发展中国家人权状况”的旗号下,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国安全生产问题与国际贸易挂钧。实际上这是“涂上绿色’”的贸易保护主义。中国是一…     

九月北京，国际盛会

第二届中国国际安全生产论坛于9月2日在人民大会堂开幕,国务委员、国务院秘书长华建敏,国家局局长王显政,国际劳工组织东亚地区局局长克里斯廷等领导参加开幕式     

在回顾中思考 在创新中发展

2008年,是中国的奥运之年,也是中国林科院建院50周年、哈尔滨林机所建所50周年、<林业劳动安全>杂志创刊20周年. <林业劳动安全>的诞生,为林业安全文化建设开辟了一片广袤的园地,为加强学术交流打开了一洞明亮的牕牖,为行业安全的发展提供了一块方正的铺路石……