钛基氧化物涂层电极在污水处理方面的实验研究

用涂刷热分解氧化法研究制作了3种钛基金属氧化物涂层电极：SnO₂-Sb₂O₃-CeO₂/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/Ti、SnO₂-Sb₂O₃-CoO₂/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/Ti和SnO₂-Sb₂O₃-CoO₂/IrO₂/Ti,用于处理生活污水,筛选出了处理效果最好的电极：SnO₂-Sb₂O₃-CeO₂/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/Ti电极。通过SnO₂-Sb₂O₃-CeO₂/SnO₂-Sb₂O₃/Ti电极处理生活污水的静态实验,研究了电解时间、电流密度等因素对电解效果的影响,得出该电极较佳的运行参数是：极板间距1 cm、电流密度10 mA/cm²、电解时间2 h,此时,COD、NH₃-N、总磷、总氮、SS和大肠菌群的去除率分别为94.0％、99.8％、51.8％、70.8%、100％和100％;并用该参数进行了动态实验,连续运行60 d,得到了稳定的出水水质数据。     

过氧化氢与过硫酸盐强化电化学处理铜氰废水

表面处理行业废水中的铜氰络合物是废水处理的难点。电化学氧化是一种水处理中常用的方法,对于水中常见的污染物均能进行有效处理,其中,过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和过一硫酸盐(KHSO₅,PMS)是绿色清洁的氧化剂。因此,在电氧化的基础上,探索了H₂O₂和PMS对电化学处理铜氰络合物的强化效果。实验结果表明：氰根(CN⁻)和铜离子(Cu²⁺)的去除率随着H₂O₂和PMS的增加而升高;当电流密度为10 A·m⁻²、H₂O₂浓度为0.4 mol·L⁻¹、反应时间为30 min时,氰根去除率为96.12%,铜离子去除率为81.93%,其中阴极铜回收率为75.60%;当PMS浓度为0.2 mol·L⁻¹、反应时间30 min时,氰根去除率接近100%,铜离子去除率为94.83%,其中阴极铜回收率93.51%。以上研究结果表明,投加合适的药剂可以提高电氧化对铜氰络合物的处理效率。     

响应曲面法优化电化学氧化技术处理染料废水

采用IR和XRD等手段对自制磷钼酸铁(FePMo12)杂多酸进行表征,表明杂多阴离子具有Keggin结构。将FePMo12负载于修饰后的分子筛上制备FePMo12/APTES-4A催化剂填充于电化学反应器中,考察电化学氧化体系对酸性大红3R染料废水的脱色效果,其脱色率高于二维电化学反应器。利用Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计及响应面(RSM)分析,以pH值,板间距,槽电压,曝气量为实验因素,建立了以酸性大红3R的脱色率为响应值的二次多项式回归模型。研究表明,当电解时间为60 min时,曝气量0.05 m3/h、pH为2、板间距3.0 cm、槽电压11.0 V,在此条件下色度去除率可达69.4%,模型预测值与实验值能很好地吻合。方差分析结果表明,槽电压和pH、pH和曝气量的交互作用对响应值具有显著性影响。     

电解催化氧化法废水处理机制研究

采用电解催化氧化法（electrochemical enhanced catalytic oxidation reaction）处理某高浓度有机废水（COD约10 000 mg·L-1）,该工艺主要包括电解反应、催化氧化反应以及催化氧化反应后废水内循环进行电解反应等过程。开展了不同因素对废水COD降解效率影响的研究,并对反应降解机制和反应动力学进行了探讨。结果显示,内循环设计结合H2O2溶液投加量逐步增加的方式,使得体系在420 min反应时间内均保持着不断削减COD的能力。当FeSO4·7H2O初始投加量为0.6 g·L-1、回流比R为0.5时,COD减少量可达9 340 mg·L-1。反应过程中工作电流I及氧化还原电势ORP监测值的不断波动表明反应体系中有机物不断被降解,氧化还原环境不断地变化。该工艺耦合电解氧化和Fenton技术,协同因子约为1.48,且可极大提高废水混凝性能,反应60 min后经废水混凝处理可使COD去除率由4.27%提高至26.21%。     

Sequential treatment of olive oil mill wastewater with adsorption and biological and photo-Fenton oxidation

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW), a recalcitrant pollutant, has features including high phenolic content and dark color; thereby, several chemical or physical treatments or biological processes were not able to remediate it. In this study, the treatment efficiencies of three treatments, including adsorption, biological application, and photo-Fenton oxidation were sequentially evaluated for OMWW. Adsorption, biological treatment, and photo-Fenton caused decreasing phenolic contents of 48.69 %, 59.40 %, and 95 %, respectively. However, after three sequential treatments were performed, higher reduction percentages in phenolic (total 99 %) and organic contents (90 %) were observed. Although the studied fungus has not induced significant color reduction, photo-Fenton oxidation was considered to be an attractive solution, especially for color reduction. Besides, toxicity of OMWW treatment was significantly reduced.     

CaCl2-PAC工艺处理酸性高氟废水

以湖南某氟化盐厂排放的酸性高氟废水为研究对象,提出CaCl2-PAC处理酸性高氟废水新工艺,确定了最佳工艺条件,并对比了晶种添加前后对除氟效果、沉渣含水率的影响及沉渣中氟化钙的纯度;结果表明:在钙盐沉淀阶段, pH≈9, n (Ca/F)=0.75,搅拌45 min、沉降90 min;在絮凝沉淀阶段,pH≈7.5,PAC投加量为350 mg/L,最后出水氟离子浓度可降至10 mg/L以下,达到了《污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)》的一级标准。在钙盐沉淀阶段按照10 g/L添加大颗粒氟化钙后,氟去除率进一步提高,处理后所得的沉渣氟化钙纯度可达到85%,沉渣含水率较晶种添加前降低20%,有利于实现高效除氟和氟化钙的回收利用。     

三维电极电化学氧化法深度处理DOP生产废水的研究

采用以铁板作阴、阳极,活性炭作填充粒子的三维电极电化学氧化法深度处理DOP生产废水。探讨了废水的pH、槽电压、极板间距、活性炭投加量和反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响,并通过正交实验确定了处理DOP废水的最佳工艺条件,还对COD的降解动力学规律进行了初步探讨。结果表明,三维电极电化学氧化法处理DOP生产废水的最佳工艺条件为:pH值为5、电极间距为4 cm、槽电压为25 V、活性炭投加量为12 g/L、电解时间为90 min。在此条件下,COD去除率可达71.5%,出水COD浓度为50.9 mg/L,达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)的一级标准。三维电极电化学氧化法对COD的降解反应呈表观一级反应,降解速率方程为C=C0e-0.0124t。     

铝型材含氟镍酸性废水二级处理工艺

对铝型材含氟镍废水加入Ca(OH)2中和沉淀后,用盐酸回调pH,加CaCl2进行二级处理。一级反应过程中加Ca(OH)2将pH值控制在10.0~10.5范围,二级反应过程中加5%盐酸将pH值回调到7~8后,再投加2 g/L的CaCl2和10 mL/L的0.1%PAM,处理后水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放要求。该工艺运行稳定,处理效果好,值得推广。     

管式电化学反应器中试处理高浓度含氰废水与经济分析

基于对高浓度含氰废水处理的重大需求和现有破氰技术的共性缺点,采用管式电化学反应器工艺对西部某化工厂生产过程的高浓度含氰废水进行预处理的中试研究,并与次钠氯碱法和ClO₂氧化法进行了对比。以Ti/RuO₂为阳极的管式电化学反应器相比于其他工艺有最佳的处理效果,在20 mA·cm⁻²处理4 h后,对废水中TCN、COD和间苯二腈的去除率分别可以达到81.74%、57.71%和81.33%,长期运行效果也处于最佳。此外,尽管管式电化学反应器的建设成本较高,单位能耗高,但由于该工艺无需加药,其运行成本低廉,仅为次钠氯碱法的13.10%,故总体运行成本较低。同时,还对管式电化学反应器的运行过程进行了参数优化及机理探究。在综合考虑建设、运行和折旧,管式电化学反应器具有良好的应用前景。     

铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥的再生利用研究

对混凝法处理铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥再生利用进行了研究，得到了适宜的操作条件。结果表明，用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为0．14～0．16mL／g湿污泥，湿污泥的溶解率可达90％，铝的溶出率也可达95％以上。把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于印染废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果，其COD去除率≥80％，脱色率≥90％。实现了资源的二次利用，改善了作业环境，获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

利用钢渣对聚驱采油废水进行深度处理

利用钢渣对模拟聚驱采油废水进行深度处理,依靠吸附作用去除水中的HPAM。考察了钢渣粒径、搅拌速度、pH以及吸附时间对HPAM去除率的影响,进行了吸附等温线和吸附热力学分析,并对钢渣进行了吸附再生实验。当搅拌速度为250r／min,pH为2～10,吸附时间为90rain,钢渣粒径为10-16目、投加量为100g／100mL时,HPAM的去除率可达到84％以上。钢渣对HPAM的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,吸附自由能变和吸附焓的结果都表明,该吸附属于物理吸附。吸附之后的钢渣可以通过600℃焚烧得到再生,再生后仍可保持良好的吸附性能。     

铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥的再生利用研究

对混凝法处理铝件表面处理废水治理所得化学污泥再生利用进行了研究,得到了适宜的操作条件.结果表明,用浓硫酸溶解污泥的最佳用量为0.14～0.16 mL/g湿污泥,湿污泥的溶解率可达90%,铝的溶出率也可达95%以上.把污泥的溶解液作混凝剂回用于印染废水的混凝处理也取得了良好的效果,其COD去除率≥80%,脱色率≥90%.实现了资源的二次利用,改善了作业环境,获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

阳极材料对废水电化学处理能耗和净化效果的影响

采用自行研制的SA 1铝合金作为可溶阳极材料 ,与常用的铁阳极和纯铝阳极进行对比试验 ,考察对含表面活性剂废水电化学处理能耗和净化效果的影响。结果表明 ,SA 1铝合金阳极具有电解能耗较低、净化效果较好和能长时间稳定运行等优点     

聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的制备及其在焦化废水深度处理中的应用

以铝酸钙粉和硫酸亚铁为主要原料,通过酸溶、氧化、聚合和熟化过程制备了无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁,采用正交试验优选出制备聚合氯化铝铁的最佳条件,联合使用聚合氯化铝铁与氧化剂深度处理焦化废水.结果表明,聚合氯化铝铁的最佳制备条件为:硫酸亚铁投加量10 g(以每100 g铝酸钙粉计,下同)、盐酸投加量400 mL、反应温度80℃、反应时间2.5 h;在此条件下制得的絮凝剂氧化铝质量分数为30.5%,全铁质量分数为1.2%.当聚合氯化铝铁投加量为200 mg/L、氧化剂投加量为10 mg/L时,焦化废水中COD去除率可达70%,色度去除率可达63%,出水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)中的一级排放标准.     

运用BDD电极优化废水中氨氮的直接电化学检测方法

针对高氨氮条件下离子选择电极稳定性差的问题,筛选了3种市售硼掺杂金刚石(BDD)电极,以探究直接电化学检测氨氮的可行性.采用极化曲线法测试了3种BDD电极的析氧、析氢和析氯电位,以获得最佳电势窗口.采用循环伏安法研究了氨氮在3种BDD电极上的氧化还原行为,在1.6 V处发现了明显的氨氮氧化峰,可为氨氮直接检测提供定性依...     

利用高压脉冲放电处理废水的研究进展

本文主要对脉冲高压放电处理废水的进展情况作了论述 ,讨论了不同放电反应器的设计及其国内外的应用 ,同时对水中放电的发生及其发展研究情况作了介绍     

PAH removal from spiked municipal wastewater sewage sludge using biological, chemical and electrochemical treatments

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been widely studied due to their presence in all the environmental media and toxicity to life. These molecules are strongly adsorbed on the particulate matters of soils, sludges or sediments because of their strong hydrophobicity which makes them less bioavailability, thus limiting their bioremediation. Different sludge treatment processes were tested to evaluate their performances for PAH removal from sludge prealably doped with 11 PAHs (5.5mg each PAH kg(-1) of dry matter (DM)): two biological processes (mesophilic aerobic digestion (MAD) and simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (METIX-BS)) were tested to evaluate PAH biodegradation in sewage sludge. In parallel, two chemical processes (quite similar Fenton processes: chemical metal leaching (METIX-AC) and chemical stabilization (STABIOX)) and one electrochemical process (electrochemical stabilization (ELECSTAB)) were tested to measure PAH removal by these oxidative processes. Moreover, PAH solubilisation from sludge by addition of a nonionic surfactant Tween 80 (Tw80) was also tested. The best yields of PAH removal were obtained by MAD and METIX-BS with more than 95% 3-ring PAH removal after a 21-day treatment period. Tw80 addition during MAD treatment increased 4-ring PAHs removal rate. In addition, more than 45% of 3-ring PAHs were removed from sludge by METIX-AC and during ELECSTAB process were quiet good with approximately 62% of 3-ring PAHs removal. However, little weaker removal of 3-ring PAHs (<35%) by STABIOX. None of the tested processes were efficient for the elimination of high molecular weight (> or = 5-ring) PAHs from sludge.     

摇动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水

介绍了一种新型的生物膜反应器——摇动床反应器,并采用模拟生活污水进行了小试试验研究。试验结果表明,在HRT=6h,DO=3～4mg/L,T=20～25℃,pH=7～8,C/N=20的条件下,该工艺可以达到最佳运行状况,有机负荷为0.64～3.00kgCOD/(m3.d)下,COD去除率平均达到85%,出水TN≤10mg/L,达到国家一级排放标准。     

Performance of Gd-doped Ti-based Sb-SnO2 anodes for electrochemical destruction of phenol

The performance of electrodes for the electro-catalytic decomposition of a model pollutant (phenol) was enhanced using Gd-doped Ti/SnO(2)-Sb electrodes prepared by a thermal deposition method. Phenol degradation followed first-order rate kinetics, with the maximum rate achieved using a 2% Gd doping level (molar ratio based on Gd:Sn) for tests conducted over a doping range of 1-10%. The first-order rate constant with 2% Gd was 0.044 min(-1), versus 0.026 min(-1) obtained with the control (plain Ti/SnO(2)-Sb). TOC removal and UV scans revealed that different intermediates were produced for different Gd contents, and that destruction efficiencies of these intermediates also varied with Gd doping levels of 1-5%. Electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photon-electron spectroscopy. It is suggested that the state of specific active sites on the electrode surface and the oxygen transfer activity at the electrode/electrolyte interface affect the performance of anodes with different compositions.     

Dye wastewater treatment by using ceramic membrane bioreactor

Performance of a Micro-filtration Membrane Bioreactor (MMBR) for treatment of dye wastewater was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the removal efficiency for COD, TOC and colour was 85%, 85-90% and 70%, respectively, the effluent COD was below 70 mgl⁻¹ on average. Gel layer resistance of COD was 10%. Particle size distribution of sludge in MMBR was 1-150 μm, and the average particle diameter was 20-40 μm. The activity of dehydrogenase of activated sludge in MMBR was 36-42 mgTTC (gVSS) ⁻¹h⁻¹, while active dehydrogenase enzyme content was 7.95 mgVSS⁻¹.