沙尘暴--大自然的"回报"

1993年5月5日,特大沙尘暴席卷西北大部分地区,前后持续近5个小时,农作物受灾面积达560万亩,沙埋水渠总长2000多公里,兰新干线运输中断31个小时,死亡多人(其中甘肃金昌就死亡80多人),伤264人,失踪36人,直接经济损失约5.6亿元。 2002年3月20日,北方爆发沙尘暴。这     

Measurement of machinery safety level: European framework for product control: Particular case: Spanish framework for market surveillance

Current brief aims to introduce the concept of safety in European industrial sectors, particularly in mechanics and machinery industry. It also highlights the importance to ensure an even level of machinery safety along the European Union, setting up the appropriate frame and procedures to keep it under control. An overview over market surveillance activities for machinery (regulations, main actors and their roles) first at Community level, and secondly an approach to one of the Member States is also introduced.     

Teenage drivers: patterns of risk

PROBLEM: To determine patterns of risk among teenage drivers. METHOD: Review and synthesis of the literature. RESULTS: On most measures, crash rates during the teenage years are higher than at any other age, for both males and females. Risk among teenagers varies greatly by driving situation; it is particularly low in some situations (e.g., the learner period) and particularly high in others (e.g., right after licensure, late at night, with passengers present). In some of these high-risk driving situations, risk is elevated for drivers of all ages (e.g., late night driving), in others risk is elevated more for teens than adults (e.g., driving after consuming alcohol), and in others the risk is unique to teen drivers (e.g., having passengers). IMPACT ON RESEARCH, PRACTICE, AND POLICY: These varying patterns of risk form the basis for graduated licensing systems, which are designed to promote low-risk and discourage high-risk driving.     

Retracted: Authentically leading groups: The mediating role of collective psychological capital and trust

Although there have been recent theoretical advances in what is increasingly being recognized as authentic leadership, research testing possible mediating processes and the impact on group‐level outcomes has not received attention. To help address this need, this study examined at the group level of analysis the role that collective psychological capital and trust may play in the relationship between authentic leadership and work groups' desired outcomes. Utilizing 146 intact groups from a large financial institution, the results indicated a significant relationship between both their collective psychological capital and trust with their group‐level performance and citizenship behavior. These two variables were also found to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and the desired group outcomes, even when controlling for transformational leadership. Implications for future research and practice conclude the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Profiles of commitment: An empirical test

Prior research has demonstrated the importance of distinguishing among foci and bases of commitment. Foci of commitment are the individuals and groups to whom an employee is attached, and bases of commitment are the motives engendering attachment. This study uses distinctions among foci and bases of commitment to develop four profiles of commitment, and examines the extent to which differences in these patterns predict other variables. Cluster analysis of 440 employees suggests the following profiles: (1) The Locally Committed (employees who are attached to their supervisor and work group), (2) the Globally Committed (who are attached to top management and the organization), (3) the Committed (who are attached to both local and global foci), and (4) the Uncommitted (who are attached to neither local nor global foci). The profiles are differentially related to intent to quit, job satisfaction, prosocial organizational behaviors, and certain demographic and contextual variables. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.     

Person-Situation interaction: Competing models of fit

This paper identifies three models of person-situation interaction in an effort to conceptually clarify and integrate previous research. Statistical criteria for each model are then developed and tested within one organizational setting. Results indicate partial support for each of the three interaction models, and suggest various improvements for person-situation interaction research.     

Erratum: The JOB saga continues: chapter three

Ashkanasy, N. M. The JOB saga continues: chapter three. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Volume, 28, 137–139. The above editorial (DOI: 10.1002/job.437) was published in print in February 2007. A number of printing errors were subsequently identified throughout the article: Page 137, line 1: ‘Volume 25’ should read ‘Volume 28’ Page 137, line 4: ‘Issue 28’ should read ‘Volume 28’ Page 137, line 22: ‘for over 30 years now’ should read ‘for over 30 years’ Page 138, line 31: ‘though the JOB’ should read ‘through the JOB’     

反恐中国政府义无反顾的选择

和平与发展是当今世界发展的主题.世界各国都在加快区域合作的步伐,从而更加有效地把握和平与发展的历史机遇,抵御各种风险的挑战.但是,在一些国家和地区逐渐滋生蔓延的恐怖主义活动日益猖獗,并显示出潜滋暗长、不断蔓延的态势,严重威胁着各国的安全与稳定,影响着地区的和平发展与人民安居乐业的生活,成为影响世界与地区稳定与安全的重要因素.     

Review: Biomechanics of Child Occupant Protection

This paper provides a review on the following issues: the differences in injury patterns between adults and children under similar loading conditions during an automotive crash event. Because of the recent awareness and the ensuing necessity, as an example, injuries including fatalities due to airbag deployment are discussed. Biomechanical differences explain the varying injury patterns and mechanisms of injury. The commonly adopted scaling techniques for predicting pediatric tolerances are described. A comparison of the biomechanical properties of the pediatric and adult structures is given. Some insight is provided with regard to the use of these data to develop validated mathematical models of pediatric structures. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.     

Retraction statement: Authentically leading groups: The mediating role of collective psychological capital and trust

The following article from the Journal of Organizational Behavior, Authentically leading groups: The mediating role of collective psychological capital and trust by Fred O. Walumbwa, Fred Luthans, James B. Avey and Adegoke Oke, published online on 1st September 2009 in Wiley Online Library ( www.wileyonlinelibrary.com ) and in Volume 32, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 4‐24, has been retracted by the journal's Editor in Chief, Neal M. Ashkanasy, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction is on the grounds of the authors' advice that they made an error in relation to the level of analysis used. As a result of this error, the authors incorrectly calculated key fit statistics. When correctly estimated, the fit statistics do not provide an acceptable level of support for the hypothesized model, rendering the authors' conclusions, as stated in the article, unsustainable.     

Dynamics of calling: A longitudinal study of musicians

The dominant view of calling among management scholars is that it is a stable construct that does not change. This view has resulted in a research void about calling's early development and subsequent evolution. Insight into the dynamic process through which callings develop is fundamental to understanding its role in people's careers and lives. In this study, I focus on the antecedents of calling, a consuming, meaningful passion people can experience toward a domain. I propose a dynamic model in which calling can change over time and can be shaped by antecedent factors, specifically, through people's ability, behavioral involvement, and social comfort in the area toward which they feel a calling. I tested these ideas in a seven‐year, four‐wave prospective longitudinal survey study of 450 amateur musicians. Multilevel analyses indicate individuals who were more behaviorally involved and felt higher social comfort in the calling domain (e.g., music) experienced higher levels of calling early on but experienced a decline in calling over time. Individuals' ability in the calling domain was not related to initial calling or change in calling. I discuss the implications for theory and research on calling, meaning of work, and the dynamics of careers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spill-over characteristics of peroxy-fuels: Two-phase CFD investigations

Two-phase CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model for characterising the spill-over/dispersion of peroxy-fuels is presented. The model is independent of type and burning rate of the spilled/dispersed fuel and considers only overflow Reynolds number (Re) to characterise the spill/dispersion behaviour. Additional simulations are performed for LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) dispersion and it is found that the model can be used for different fuels within a defined range of Re. Different scenarios with Re = 100 to 3 × 10⁵ are investigated covering a wide range of mass flow rates, opening sizes and viscosities. Depending on Lower Flammability Limits (LFL) of the fuels spill/dispersion (vapour cloud) diameters (D_CFD) and heights (h_CFD) are predicted. A generalised correlation between D_CFD and Re is established to predict the dispersion occurring at varying scales. The model is validated by: (1) conducting an extensive grid independent study; (2) comparing the results with the existing analytical methods and (3) comparing against the standard field test data on LNG dispersions.