共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
采用几种不同厂家提供的有机重金属飞灰螯合剂和一种无机飞灰稳定剂对湖北某垃圾焚烧厂及四川某垃圾焚烧厂所产飞灰分别进行了稳定化处理的研究。结果表明,就2种飞灰而言,有机螯合剂在处理效果上较无机药剂具有一定的优势,为使飞灰处理后的浸出毒性低于《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)所规定的限值,满足进入垃圾填埋场分区填埋的要求,不同种类的有机螯合剂添加量在1%~5%之间,各有机螯合剂的稳定效果与其分子结构和分子大小的关系密切。而某无机药剂在添加剂量为15%时仅能使四川某厂所产生的飞灰勉强达标。从经济上考虑,使用有机螯合剂的药剂成本费用也低于某无机药剂,同时对比实验发现,飞灰初始浸出毒性的大小,飞灰粒径大小,飞灰的物理性状对螯合过程具有一定的影响。 相似文献
2.
城市垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属药剂配伍稳定化实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
以飞灰中富含的Pb和Zn为目标重金属,对飞灰中重金属药剂配伍稳定化效果了实验研究.选用EDTA、Na2S、NaH2PO4等稳定化药剂和pH值控制,首先将试剂单独投加飞灰中测定重金属浸出浓度,分析各试剂的稳定化效果;然后通过系列试验观察现象,确定试剂最优投加顺序;最后,按照试剂性质制定4个配伍方案,按照最优投加顺序投加试剂,测定分析各个配伍方案的稳定化效果.结果表明:pH值保持在弱碱性(10左右),重金属稳定化效果较好.EDTA二钠、NaH2PO4和Na2S重金属稳定化效果明显,而有机试剂EDTA二钠稳定化效果明显优于NaH2PO4和Na2S;稳定化药剂投加顺序以Na2S、EDTA二钠、NaH2PO4顺序投加处理效果为最佳;配伍方案4处理效果明显优于其他方案,可以实现稳定化药剂配伍相合,提高飞灰中重金属稳定化效果,同时减少有机螯合剂的使用量,从而降低处理成本. 相似文献
3.
4.
以城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和矿山酸性废水无害化处理为研究对象,设计了一条城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰与矿山酸性废水共处置技术路线,利用焚烧飞灰和矿山酸性废水的酸碱性,加入重金属稳定化药剂,经处理可实现矿山酸性废水和垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的有效去除和稳定。矿山酸性废水的pH由2.33升至中性,废水中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Fe和As等浓度均有下降,可满足国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)相关标准;垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属Pb、Zn和Cd浸出浓度分别降低了92.1%、73.4%和95.2%,满足危险废物鉴别标准(GB 5085.3-2007)。 相似文献
5.
生活垃圾焚烧飞灰因富集重金属,需稳定化处理后填埋处置。采用新型重金属螯合剂(0代端二硫代羧酸基聚酰胺-胺超支化聚合物(PAMAM/4DTC-0G))、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(SDD/DTC)和乙二胺-双二硫代氨基甲酸钠(EDA/2DTC)对Pb浸出浓度较高的飞灰进行稳定化处理,考察螯合剂投加量、浸出液pH对其稳定化效果的影响,并通过Pb形态分布、红外吸收光谱和微观形貌表征探究稳定化机理。结果表明,2%(质量分数,下同)的PAMAM/4DTC-0G能使飞灰中Pb的浸出浓度低于《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)限值;5%的PAMAM/4DTC-0G稳定化后的飞灰中Pb的浸出浓度在较宽的pH范围(2~14)内均低于标准限值;PAMAM/4DTC-0G可与Pb2+结合形成超大三维网络状螯合物,能实现长期稳定。 相似文献
6.
为探讨二硫代氨基甲酸型有机螯合剂(FACAR)和重过磷酸钙(TSP)对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属Pb、Cd、Ni的稳定作用机制,对稳定前后的飞灰采用BCR连续提取法、X射线衍射(XRD)分析以及扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)联用等分析方法进行了表征。结果表明:投加质量分数5%的FACAR能有效稳定飞灰中Pb、Cd和Ni,其浸出浓度低于《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-2008)规定的浸出浓度限值;采用3% FACAR和3% TSP复配药剂处理,可使飞灰达到GB 16889-2008进场要求;经复合药剂稳定处理后的飞灰颗粒表面孔隙度明显降低,飞灰中Pb、Cd和Ni的形态均由不稳定态向稳定态转化。该复合稳定剂的稳定机制主要为螯合、共沉淀和吸附联合作用机制,其中,有机螯合剂中含硫官能团是影响重金属稳定的主要因素,且重金属具有优先与含硫官能团结合的特性。 相似文献
7.
研究了有机磷酸羟基亚乙基二膦酸(HEDP)对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定方法.通过对不同HEDP投加量处理后的飞灰试样作危险废物浸出毒性鉴别试验,分析HEDP最佳使用剂量,并评价了稳定化飞灰的长期稳定性.结果表明,HEDP最适使用剂量为0.03 Ml/g(以商品级HEDP与飞灰的体积质量比计),处理后飞灰与原状飞灰相比,Pb、Zn和Hg的浸出浓度分别降低了98.3%、99.5%和85.0%.HEDP对飞灰中重金属稳定效果排序为:Pb>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cu>Cd>CrHAs.重金属pH相关浸出测试(pH-dependent leaching tests)表明:经0.03mL/g HEDP稳定处理的飞灰,在0.3 mol/L HNO3和0.3 mol/L NaOH的浸取条件下,其重金属浸出浓度均低于国家危险废物鉴别标准,显示具有良好的长期稳定性. 相似文献
8.
《环境工程学报》2016,(6)
根据某有机螯合剂、硫化钠、磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、碳酸钠和硫代硫酸钠6种化学稳定剂对重金属元素稳定化效果的比较结果,并针对重庆飞灰中Pb和Cd浸出浓度超过GB 16889-2008限值0.25 mg/L和0.15 mg/L的情况,选择合适的药剂配伍和剂量对重庆飞灰进行稳定化处理。按照飞灰中重金属含量的不同,对武汉、重庆和成都三地的飞灰进行不同剂量的稳定剂添加实验。结果表明,有机螯合剂、硫化钠、磷酸钠3种化合物对Pb和Cd均有优异的稳定化效果。在有机螯合剂∶硫化钠/磷酸钠质量比为1∶1,2∶1和4∶1的6种配伍稳定化实验中,有机螯合剂∶硫化钠质量比为4∶1的稳定剂配比对重庆飞灰中重金属进行稳定化处理效果最好。研究还发现,使用2倍理论量的有机螯合剂和硫化钠能分别经济有效地完成对武汉、重庆和成都飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理。 相似文献
9.
危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
以上海市某危险废物焚烧厂飞灰为研究对象,采用Na2S、FeSO4、Na3PO4、和Na3C3N3S34种不同类型化学稳定药剂对飞灰进行了稳定化处理,并应用XRD、IR、SEM和连续化学提取法等仪器和手段对Na3C3N3S3处理焚烧飞灰的产物进行分析研究。研究结果表明,Na3C3N3S3对飞灰中的重金属Cr、Pb、Zn的稳定效果最好,Na3PO4对Cr无明显稳定效果。稳定后产物表面变得致密化,Na3C3N3S3与重金属离子生成的沉淀物干燥后无明显晶型存在。经稳定处理后飞灰中的重金属形态由弱酸提取态转化为可氧化态,减少了飞灰中重金属的浸出毒性。 相似文献
10.
针对垃圾焚烧飞灰广泛存在重金属超标的问题,采用哌嗪螯合剂、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐及水泥对飞灰进行预处理,以降低填埋风险。通过《固体废物浸出毒性方法醋酸缓冲溶液法》(HJ/T300-2007)探讨预处理对飞灰中重金属的固定效果,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和BCR形态提取分析各飞灰的物相组成、微观形貌和重金属形态分布,使用RAC和STI模型对各飞灰进行环境风险评估。结果表明,原灰中重金属Ni、Pb、Cd的浸出毒性超标,重金属含量呈Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Cr>Ni顺序分布。预处理作用后,飞灰中重金属Ni、Cd、Pb的浸出毒性满足标准限值,固定率达99%以上,未超标重金属Cr、Zn、Cu的固定率高于96%。同等添加量下,SDD的稳定效果优于TS300,但TS300协同水泥固定重金属的作用优于SDD。稳定化对Cr的处理效果优于固化/稳定化,单一水泥固化对Zn、Pb、Ni的固定作用最佳,但40%的水泥用量及高增容比限制了水泥固化的应用。ANC测试表明,水泥固化的ANC最强。XRD和SEM分结果表明,稳定化形成的新矿物对重金属的固定起重要作用,水泥水化生成的Ca(OH... 相似文献
11.
《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2001,35(20):3445-3451
The surface emission of landfill gas (LFG) was studied to estimate the amount of LFG efflux from solid waste landfills using an air flux chamber. LFG efflux increased as atmospheric temperature increased during the day, and the same pattern for the surface emission was observed for the change of seasons. LFG efflux rate decreased from summer through winter. The average LFG efflux rates of winter, spring and summer were 0.1584, 0.3013 and 0.8597 m3 m−2 h−1 respectively. The total amount of surface emission was calculated based on the seasonal LFG efflux rate and the landfill surface area. From the estimates of LFG generation, it is expected that about 30% of the generated LFG may be released through the surface without extraction process. As forced extraction with a blower proceeded, the extraction well pressure decreased from 1100 to –100 mm H2O, and the LFG surface efflux decreased markedly above 80%. Thus, the utilization of LFG by forced extraction would be the good solution for global warming and air pollution by LFG. 相似文献
12.
传统生物反应器填埋场长期以来存在酸化阶段过长和能源回收利用率低等问题。上层垃圾好氧处理可有效实现垃圾快速降解与集中甲烷化。为探究好氧处理阶段不同曝气频率对生物反应器填埋场运行效果的影响,设置厌氧生物反应器A1作为对照,曝气频率不同的上层曝气式生物反应器C1和C2为实验组进行实验。结果表明,上层垃圾好氧处理可有效改善填埋柱内高浓度挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)累积现象,缩短酸化阶段,促进甲烷化环境建立。至曝气结束,C1和C2填埋柱内渗滤液COD低于30 000 mg/L,VFA浓度降也降低到10 000 mg/L以下。好氧处理阶段,增大曝气频率可提高填埋垃圾对渗滤液pH的缓冲作用,扩大甲烷化面积,促进高浓度甲烷化过程的快速发生。与C1相比,曝气频率较高的C2反应器提前15 d达到pH为7的预处理要求,曝气阶段氨氮浓度经历先上后下,填埋柱日产甲烷量700 mL,约为C1产气能力的2倍。但考虑到实际氧气利用率与经济性能问题,曝气频率的选择不宜过大。 相似文献
13.
14.
《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2002,36(31):4919-4928
The composition of landfill gas (LFG) was analyzed for vapor-phase mercury (Hg) (primarily in its elemental form, Hg0) and relevant environmental parameters from 42 out of 106 ventpipes placed across two different sectors of the Nan-Ji-Do (NJD) landfill site in Seoul, Korea during September/October 2000. Results of our studies showed that large quantities of Hg emanated through these ventpipes which were infiltrated deep into the waste layer. The mean concentration of Hg, computed using the data sets collected from 42 ventpipes, was 420 ng m−3 with a range of 3.45–2952 ng m−3. Because large differences were apparent in its concentration levels not only between the two sectors of 1 and 2 but also between the plain and slope areas, evaluation of the data was made by dividing them into four different categories, namely plain areas of sectors 1 and 2 and slope areas of sectors 1 and 2. By categorizing the data in such a manner, the emission fluxes of ventilated Hg were estimated for each data group at the NJD site. The flux values of Hg for each data group were distinguished so that the enhanced fluxes were observed in plain compared to slope areas. The computed LFG fluxes of Hg from the whole NJD site were on the order of 23 g on an annual basis. The overall results of our study suggest that the vent emission of Hg from the study site is comparable in magnitude to those reported previously (e.g., the Florida landfill sites in US), while the LFG emissions of Hg may not necessarily be the most dominant source in the NJD site. 相似文献
15.
利用实验室小试SBR在(33±1)℃的条件下,通过动态调控溶氧浓度(DO)(2~7 mg/L)和水力停留时间(2~5 d),经过130 d的运行成功启动了晚期垃圾渗滤液(NH4+-N含量1 227~2 133 mg/L)的部分亚硝化,使出水NO2--N∶NH4+-N稳定维持在1∶1左右,为后续的厌氧氨氧化工艺创造了进水条件。利用实时荧光定量PCR研究启动过程中的特异微生物氨氧化细菌的含量变化表明,氨氧化细菌的含量与NO2--N的生成速率和出水NO2--N稳定性有着显著相关性。 相似文献
16.
Enzymatic treatment of sanitary landfill leachate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The objective of this investigation was to study the effectiveness of applying enzymes (bioaugmentation) for enhancement of biological treatability of leachates generated in a typical municipal solid waste sanitary landfill. The basic purpose of enzyme use is to enforce the biodecomposition of organic constituents, as well as to reduce nitrogen content. A laboratory-scale sequencing batch (bio)reactor (SBR) was used for the examination of enzymatic application. The effect of different operation strategies on the efficiency of this biological treatment process was studied to optimize performance, especially for the removal of nitrogen compounds and of biodegradable organic matter. It was found that the enzymatic process was able to remove organic matter effectively (expressed as BOD5 and COD) and nitrogen content, color and turbidity. 相似文献
17.
Aerobic biostabilization of sanitary landfill leachate 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
18.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理尾水的性质研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用多种先进测试分析仪器对不同月份的垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理尾水(简称渗滤液尾水)进行了全面的分析.结果表明,经生物处理后的渗滤液尾水难以进一步生物降解,仍然有很强的污染性,COD和NH3-N仍分别高达419~622、12.4~174.0 mg/L,未达到国家排放标准,且仍含有多种环境优先控制污染物.除有机物外,渗滤液尾水中还有部分无机类物质贡献COD,TN主要由无机氮构成.渗滤液生物处理的效果与温度关系密切,6、9月的处理效果明显好于3、12月. 相似文献
19.
Fenton's pre-treatment of mature landfill leachate 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
The aim of this study was to check the effectiveness of the Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ + H2O2 + H+) for the pre-treatment of a municipal landfill leachate with the objective of improving its overall biodegradability, evaluated in terms of BOD5/COD ratio, up to a value compatible with biological treatment. The leachate came from a municipal sanitary landfill located in southern Italy and the average values of its main parameters were: pH=8.2; COD=10,540 mgl(-1); BOD5=2,300 mgl(-1); TOC=3,900 mgl(-1); NH4-N=5210 mgl(-1); conductivity=45,350 microScm(-1); alkalinity=21,470 mgl(-1) CaCO3. The effect of initial pH value on the pre-treatment effectiveness was evaluated by titrating the amount of acidic by-products formed. The extent of leachate oxidation was monitored and controlled by both pH and redox potential measurements. The best operational conditions for achieving the desired goal (i.e., BOD5/COD> or =0.5) resulted: Fe2+=275 mgl(-1); H2O2=3,300 mgl(-1); initial pH=3; reaction time=2 h. At the end of the Fenton's pre-treatment, in order to permit a subsequent biological treatment, residual ferric ions were removed increasing the pH up to 8.5 by adding 3 gl(-1) of Ca(OH)2 and 3 mgl(-1) of a cationic polyelectrolyte, the latter as an aid to coagulation. This final step also resulted in a further modest removal of residual COD due to co-precipitation phenomena. 相似文献
20.
Coagulation-flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachates 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Sanitary landfill leachates are considered as heavily polluted industrial wastewaters, presenting significant time and spatial variations of their physical-chemical parameters. Special care is required for their efficient treatment and disposal. The main aim of this work was to examine the application of coagulation-flocculation for the treatment of raw and partially stabilized leachates. Jar-test experiments were employed in order to determine the optimum conditions for the removal of organic matter and color, i.e. coagulant-flocculant combination, effective dosage and pH control. Ferric chloride, aluminium sulphate and lime were tested as conventional coagulants, whereas four commercial polyelectrolytes were co-examined: one anionic, two cationic and a non-ionic polymer. High chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal capacities (about 80%) were obtained during the addition of ferric chloride to the partially stabilized leachates, whereas low COD reductions (i.e. lower than 35%) were measured during the addition of coagulants in the raw samples. The addition of polyelectrolytes and pH adjustment in the alkaline region were found to affect slightly the removal of pollutants. The physico-chemical process may be used as a useful pretreatment step, especially for fresh leachates, prior to biological treatment, or as a post-treatment (polishing) step for partially stabilized leachates. 相似文献