光热老化对车用改性聚丙烯耐刮擦性的影响研究

改性聚丙烯被广泛的应用于汽车内外饰件上,是用量最大的车用塑料。但因其表面硬度相对较低,在使用中容易被划伤发白,影响外观。因此,配方中常需添加耐刮擦剂。本文对改性聚丙烯经氙灯光老化和高温热老化后的耐刮擦性进行了研究,发现老化后耐刮擦性出现不同程度的下降。从而对改性聚丙烯长期使用中耐刮擦性能的评估具有一定参考意义。     

多孔材料对车用聚丙烯材料VOC问题的改善

通过考察不同类型的多孔材料对白油蒸汽的吸附能力,选择高效的多孔材料作为VOC吸附剂添加到车用聚丙烯材料中,测试经过改性后材料的TVOC含量,结果表明:多孔材料有效地吸附了聚丙烯及加工过程中产生的长链烷烃,并在测试温度下不会解吸附,从而使得材料的TVOC含量达到客户的标准要求。     

高硫化物型污泥膨胀的机理与控制

污泥膨胀问题一直是废水生物法处理过程中的难题之一。针对高硫化物型污泥膨胀，本文着重从硫化物和小分子有机酸的影响、溶解氧的限制、痕量金属的缺乏这三方面对膨胀产生的机理进行了分析，并对相应的控制方法加以讨论，供同行参考。     

电子废弃物聚丙烯制备木塑复合材的研究

探讨了电子废弃物聚丙烯(PP)制备木塑复合材料(WPC)的可行性及其主要影响因子。研究结果表明:电子废弃物PP具备制备木塑复合材料的可行性,PP和木纤维混合比例是影响WPC性能的关键因子之一,加入适量的PPg-MAH有利于提高WPC的力学性能,并大幅度降低其吸水性,当PP与木纤维比例为60∶40,PP-g-MAH使用量为10%时,WPC可获得较好的综合性能指标。     

强酸弱碱型两性离子交换纤维的制备Ⅱ-磺化及吸附性能研究

在预辐照PP纤维接技苯乙烯和4-乙烯基吡啶的基础上，通过进一步的磺化，制得了系列强酸弱碱两性离子交换纤维，本文采用元素分析、红外光谱、电子能谱等手段对纤维的结构进行了分析，采用化学滴定、原子吸收光谱等方法对两性纤维的性能进行表征，探索两性纤维对水溶液中金属离子交换吸附的应用前景。     

不同颜色油漆试板的耐光老化性能分析

汽车工业的发展的和汽车工艺的进步,推动了汽车外观、颜色等方面的多样化发展。消费者通常以高安全性、高保值率、视觉美观等为主要依据选择车漆颜色,较少考虑车漆的耐光老化性,这种消费心理导致很多生产厂家对车漆的耐光老化性缺少重视。本文通过研究两家油漆厂家制作的不同颜色油漆试板,分析其耐光老化性能优劣,为生产厂家提高不同颜色油漆耐光老化性能及其研究方向的选择提供参考。     

羧酸盐型双子表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以月桂酰氯、乙二胺与丁二酸酐为原料合成了一种羧酸盐型双子(gemini)表面活性剂。采用IR、1 HNMR对中间产物和目标产物进行结构表征,并考察了合成所得羧酸盐型gemini表面活性剂的表面活性。结果表明:合成产物即为目标产物。合成产物的临界胶束浓度为0.027mmol/L,比普通单链表面活性剂低2～3个数量级,表面张力最低可降至29.5mN/m。     

强酸弱碱型两性离子交换纤维的制备II-磺化及吸附性能研究

在预辐照PP纤维接枝苯乙烯和4-乙烯基吡啶的基础上,通过进一步的磺化,制得了系列强酸弱碱两性离子交换纤维,本文采用元素分析、红外光谱、电子能谱等手段对纤维的结构进行了分析,采用化学滴定、原子吸收光谱等方法对两性纤维的性能进行表征,探索两性纤维对水溶液中金属离子交换吸附的应用前景。     

不同类型晶硅光伏组件在湿热环境下的性能研究

文不同类型晶硅光伏组件在相同环境下其性能体现会有较大的差异,为了研究不同晶硅光伏组件在湿热气候环境下的实际应用性能,本文选取单晶组件、多晶组件A、多晶组件B以小型组串系统形式投试到海南湿热气候环境光伏实证试验场,通过对各光伏试样组串电性能参数、组件表面工作温度、试验场地气象环境参数进行实时监测,对光伏组件的实验室I-V性能进行周期性测试,分析研究不同光伏试样组件在真实湿热气候环境应用的性能变化规律。     

火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的质量控制指标研究

本文研究了火焰原子吸收法测定水中铁的质量控制指标,全国共12个省份的46家实验室参加测定工作,提供了具有全国性指导意义的工作参考数据.研究结果为:标准样品在0.2～4.0mg/L浓度范围内的RSD≤3.0%,RSD'≤10.0%,室间标准偏差≤0.10mg/L;浓度≤2.0mg/L时,RE≤±10.0%,2.0～4.0...     

The Effect of Water Harvesting Techniques on Runoff,Sedimentation, and Soil Properties

This study addressed the hydrological processes of runoff and sedimentation, soil moisture content, and properties under the effect of different water harvesting techniques (treatments). The study was conducted at three sites, representing environmental condition gradients, located in the southern part of the West Bank. For each treatment, the study evaluated soil chemical and physical properties, soil moisture at 30 cm depth, surface runoff and sedimentation at each site. Results showed that runoff is reduced by 65–85% and sedimentation by 58–69% in stone terraces and semi-circle bunds compared to the control at the semi-humid site. In addition, stone terraces and contour ridges significantly reduced the amount of total runoff by 80% and 73%, respectively, at the arid site. Soil moisture content was significantly increased by water harvesting techniques compared to the control in all treatments at the three study sites. In addition, the difference between the control and the water harvesting structures were higher in the arid and semi-arid areas than in the semi-humid area. Soil and water conservation, via utilization of water harvesting structures, is an effective principle for reducing the negative impact of high runoff intensity and subsequently increasing soil moisture storage from rainfall. Jessour systems in the valley and stone terraces were effective in increasing soil moisture storage, prolonging the growing season for natural vegetation, and decreasing the amount of supplemental irrigation required for growing fruit trees.     

陆地生态系统CO_2与水热通量的研究进展

陆地生态系统CO2和水热通量研究,一直是全球气候变化研究的热点与难点问题。它对认识生态系统变化规律,预测全球气候变化趋势,评价生态系统的碳固定具有重要的科学意义。涡度相关法被认为是目前测定CO2、水热通量的最可靠方法。国外学者应用此方法解决了均匀下垫面假设下不同类型生态系统的CO2、水热通量的计算问题。在查阅前人研究成果的基础上,分析了陆地生态系统用涡度相关法在能量通量研究中的地位和重要性,评述了生态系统水热平衡的研究意义,总结了我国包括森林、草地、荒漠、农田等不同类型生态系统CO2、水热通量方面最新的研究进展,并对我国生态系统通量未来的研究策略及数据管理提出了建议和展望。     

重庆市应用湖库水水源热泵系统条件分析

通过对重庆市气候条件、湖库水水资源状况以及湖库水水温和水质分析,结果显示:重庆地区采用传统空气源热泵系统已不适宜,而采用水源热泵系统具有较高的节能优势。丰富的湖库水水资源量以及重庆市建筑沿湖库水而建特点,为在重庆市开展湖库水水源热泵系统创造便利条件;湖库水水温和水质基本能满足地表水水源热泵系统的水源要求;湖库水藻类易爆发,因此发展湖库水水源热泵主要解决的水质问题是藻类的堵塞问题。     

Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones

Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material.