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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical with high production volume and wide applications in many industries. Although BPA is known
as an endocrine disruptor, its toxic mechanisms have not been fully characterized. Due to its structural similarity to thyroid hormones
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), one possible mechanism of BPA toxicity is disruption of hormone transport by competitive
binding with the transport proteins. In this study, the binding interactions of BPA, T4, and T3 with three thyroid hormone transport
proteins, human serum albumin (HSA), transthyretin (TTR), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were investigated by fluorescence
measurement. Using two site-specific fluorescence probes dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline, the binding constants of BPA with HSA
at drug site I and site II were determined as 2.90 104 and 3.14 104 L/mol, respectively. By monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence
of tryptophan, a binding constant of 4.70 103 L/mol was obtained. Similarly, by employing 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid as
fluorescence probe, the binding a nity of BPA with TTR and TBG was measured to be 3.10 105 and 5.90 105 L/mol, respectively.
In general, BPA showed lower binding a nity with the proteins than T3 did, and even lower a nity than T4. Using these binding
constants, the amount of BPA which would bind to the transport proteins in human plasma was estimated. These results suggest that
the concentrations of BPA commonly found in human plasma are probably not high enough to interfere with T4 transport. 相似文献
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E. W. Becker 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1991,78(10):445-449
Although muscle contraction is one of the principal themes of biological research, the exact mechanism whereby the chemical free energy of ATP hydrolysis is converted into mechanical work remains elusive. The high thermodynamic efficiency of the process, above all, is difficult to explain on the basis of present theories. A model of the elementary effect in muscle contraction is proposed which aims at high thermodynamic efficiency based on an approximate equilibrium between chemical and mechanical forces throughout the transfer of free energy. The experimental results described in the literature support the assumption that chemimechanic equilibrium is approximated by a free energy transfer system based on the binding of divalent metal ions to the myosin light chains. Muscle contraction demonstrated without light chains is expected to proceed with a considerably lower efficiency. Free energy transfer systems based on the binding of ions to proteins seem to be widespread in the cell. By establishing an approximate chemimechanic equilibrium, they could facilitate biological reactions considerably and save large amounts of free energy. The concept of chemimechanic equilibrium is seen as a supplementation to the concept of chemiosmotic equilibrium introduced for the membrane transport by P. Mitchell. 相似文献
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Sediment resuspension plays an important role in the transport and fate of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. In the present study, the release and binding forms of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb under hydrodynamic conditions were investigated using an annular flume. Two sediments located at YLZ and GBD from Liangshui River, Beijing were resuspended for 10 hr at 0.159 and 0.267 m/sec, respectively. The concentrations of suspended particulate matters of YLZ were higher than those of GBD during resuspension, indicating that the former sediment is more sensitive to the velocity. Cr in the dissolved phase stayed nearly constant at about 2.25 and 1.84 μg/L for YLZ and GBD, respectively, due to the high percentage of its stable binding fractions in both sediments, while Cu, Zn, and Pb showed a fast release in the initial period of time. However, their concentrations in SPM generally decreased with time and were higher at the lower velocity of 0.159 m/sec, which resulted from the entrainment and depressing effect of larger size particles with lower heavy metal content, commonly referred to as the "particle concentration effect". In addition, the binding form and heavy metal fractions were also found to vary during the resuspension event. A decrease in the sulphide/organic matters bounded form in GBD sediment was observed, whereas no visible changes were perceived in YLZ site samples. This phenomenon is due to the oxidation of heavy metal-sulphide binding forms, which originated from its high acid volatile sulphide content in GBD sediment. 相似文献
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R. Kinne 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1977,64(6):326-334
Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated. The results demonstrate that the luminal plasma membrane, which is in contact with the primary urine, and the contraluminal plasma membrane, which is in contact with the interstitial fluid, differ in their content of ion-sensitive ATPases and sodium-cotransport systems. This allows conclusions on the mechanism of renal transport in which luminal and contraluminal membranes are arranged functionally in series. 相似文献
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为揭示邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)对短裸甲藻(Gymnodinium breve)的抑制机制,采用荧光探针法和比色法研究了DBP对短裸甲藻活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、羟自由基.OH和过氧化氢H2O2含量以及超氧阴离子自由基O.2-产生速率的影响,同时观察了电子传递链抑制剂对DBP诱导ROS能力的影响.结果表明DBP诱导了短裸甲藻ROS的积累.随浓度的增大,DBP促进了.OH、H2O2的积累,如3 mg.L-1的DBP处理组,培养至48 h时.OH出现一个极大峰值33U.mL-1,约为对照组的2.4倍;H2 O2含量培养至72 h出现最大值,约为250 nmol.(107 cells)-1,约为对照组的5倍;但是DBP对O.2-产生速率的影响并没有显示出规律性.电子传递链选择性抑制实验表明DBP可能影响了藻细胞线粒体和细胞膜2个位点上电子传递,使.OH、H2O2含量和O.2-产生速率受到了不同的影响,最终诱导了短裸甲藻总ROS的积累.可见,DBP导致ROS的过量积累是其抑制藻细胞生长的主要机制.本研究结果对揭示化感物质抑制藻类的机制提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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利用同位素示踪法对红球菌BAP-1跨膜运输14C-荧蒽的过程进行了研究.结果表明在有ATP抑制剂NaN3的存在下,红球菌BAP-1细胞膜内所结合的14C-荧蒽含量几乎无变化.结合对微生物体内包涵体的观察,说明当有ATP抑制剂存在的情况下,荧蒽无法通过细胞膜进入到微生物的体内.这表明若是荧蒽无法通过跨膜运输进入到红球菌细胞内,就不能得到有效的生物降解.在不同的底物浓度条件下,微生物对14C-荧蒽的跨膜运输过程是主动运输过程;在一定底物浓度条件下,菌体膜结合污染物的量会在一定的条件下达到饱和.结合米氏方程分析了红球菌BAP-1对14C-荧蒽的跨膜运输动力学过程,结果表明底物14C-荧蒽与微生物之间一直保持较高的亲和力,较高的亲和体系有助于跨膜运输过程的顺利进行. 相似文献
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二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(DEHPA)一直成功的作为一种含有氯仿膜的大块液膜载体有效的传输Ce~(4+)。文章采用有氯仿膜的大块液膜方法进行Ce~(4+)的传输研究,结果表明:pH为2左右的料液中含有纯净的Ce~(4+)或者Ce~(4+)与一些阳离子二者的混合物,这些阳离子包括Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Na~+,K~+,Pb~(2+),Fe~(3+),Cu~(2+),以及UO~(2+)等,而0.1mol/L的盐酸为传输池中分散相的反萃取剂。大于99%的Ce~(4+)会在2h以内有选择的渗入液膜以内,而在相同时间内其他阳离子的传输量将少于3%。料液相中存在的Fe~(3+)和UO~(2+)的存在对铈离子的传输有极大的影响。Fe~(3+)可以有效地利用加入到料液中的硫氰化钾或柠檬酸加以掩蔽,但是UO~(2+)的共传输却只能利用加入到料液相中的碳酸盐或硫氰酸盐来加以减少。 相似文献
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虽然道南膜技术(DMT)已经成功用于土壤/溶液中多种重金属自由态离子浓度的测定,但DMT技术测定Hg的形态尚未解决.采用DMT测定Ca(NO3)2溶液体系中Hg化学形态.实验结果表明,Hg在阳离子交换膜内的吸附除静电吸附外还存在结合力更强的化学吸附,Hg在阳离子交换膜内扩散成为Hg跨膜传输受阻的主要因素,限制道南膜技术用于Hg形态测定.Hg2+和Hg(OH)2都表现出在阳离子交换膜上的强烈吸附,供端(Donor)Hg损失达50%以上.缩短试验时间至8h以内,可在一定程度上降低Hg吸附.计算结果表明,由于大量的Hg滞留在阳离子交换膜内,在计算受端(Acceptor)Hg浓度时引入滞留系数补偿供端Hg的损失,较好地预测了Ca(NO3)2溶液体系中Hg的化学形态. 相似文献
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Performances of biological aerated filter employing hollow fiber membrane segments of surface-improved poly (sulfone) as biofilm carriers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
SHEN Ying-jie WU Guang-xi FAN Yao-bo ZHONG Hui WU Lin-lin ZHANG Shao-lai ZHAO Xian-hong ZHANG Wei-jun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(7):811-817
Using the surface of poly (sulfone) hollow fiber membrane segments as grafted layer, the hydrophilic acrylamide chain was grafted on by UV-photoinduced grafting polymerization. The gained improvement of surface wettability for the modified membrane was tested by measuring the contact-angle as well as FTIR spectra. Then correlation between the hydrophilic ability of support material and the biofilm adherence ability was demonstrated by comparing the pollutant removal rates from urban wastewater via two identical lab-scale up-flow biological aerated filters, one employed the surface wettability modified poly (sulfone) hollow fiber membrane segment as biofilm carder and the other employed unmodified membrane segment as biofilm carder. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of influent flux 5 L/h, hydraulic retention time 9 h and gas to liquid ratio (G/L) 10: 1, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4^+-N) for the modified packing filter and the unmodified packing filter was averaged at 83.64% and 96.25%, respectively, with the former filter being 5%-20% more than the latter. The effluent concentration of COD, NH4^+-N and turbidity for the modified packing filter was 25.25 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 8 NTU, respectively. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of the filter packing the modified PSF was compared with the other bioreactor packing of an efficient floating medium. The biomass test indicated that the modified membrane matrixes provided better specific adhesion (3310-5653 mg TSS/L support), which gave a mean of 1000 mg TSS/L more than the unmodified membrane did. In addition, the phenomenon of simultaneous denitrification on the inner surface of the support and nitrification on the outer surface was found in this work. 相似文献
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我国天然河流中的含沙量普遍较高,而泥沙作为污染物和污染物的载体对水环境造成污染,同时可以吸附污染物,净化水体。为此,分析了泥沙在水体中对污染物迁移转化过程中的影响,通过泥沙的吸附作用影响污染物在水体中的形态,从而影响水环境质量。讨论总结了泥沙对污染物质的吸附机理和影响因素,并讨论了有待进一步研究的内容。 相似文献
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以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体混合固定硝化菌和反硝化菌,采用循环冷冻-解冻的方法制备 固定化细胞膜,研究了载体浓度、冷冻-解冻次数对PVA膜机械强度、底物在膜中的扩散系数 和固定化细胞活力的影响.同时设计了一种与固定化细胞膜相配套的新型生物脱氮反应器,考 察了固定化细胞膜的操作稳定性.结果表明,浓度为13%~15%(w/w)的PVA,循环冷冻-解冻5次左 右,制得的PVA膜具有较高的机械强度,并且所得固定化细胞的活性亦较高.15%的PVA经过5次 冷冻-解冻制成的膜,可以承受的最大拉伸应力为1.52MPa,氨氮在其中的扩散系数为0.75×10 -9m2/s. 运行2个月固定化细胞的活性没有下降,固定化细胞膜亦未出现溶胀或变形. 相似文献
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The studies on the human toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) are far behind the rapid development of engineered functionalized NPs. Fullerene has been widely used as drug carrier skeleton due to its reported low risk. However, different from other kinds of NPs, fullerene-based NPs (C60 NPs) have been found to have an anticoagulation effect, although the potential target is still unknown. In the study, both experimental and computational methods were adopted to gain mechanistic insight into the modulation of thrombin activity by nine kinds of C60 NPs with diverse surface chemistry properties. In vitro enzyme activity assays showed that all tested surface-modified C60 NPs exhibited thrombin inhibition ability. Kinetic studies coupled with competitive testing using 3 known inhibitors indicated that six of the C60 NPs, of greater hydrophobicity and hydrogen bond (HB) donor acidity or acceptor basicity, acted as competitive inhibitors of thrombin by directly interacting with the active site of thrombin. A simple quantitative nanostructure-activity relationship model relating the surface substituent properties to the inhibition potential was then established for the six competitive inhibitors. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the intermolecular HB interactions were important for the specific binding of C60 NPs to the active site canyon, while the additional stability provided by the surface groups through van der Waals interaction also play a key role in the thrombin binding affinity of the NPs. Our results suggest that thrombin is a possible target of the surface-functionalized C60 NPs relevant to their anticoagulation effect. 相似文献