新疆呼图壁发生6.2级地震

正据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2016年12月8日13时15分在新疆昌吉州呼图壁县(北纬43.83度,东经86.35度)发生6.2级地震,震源深度6千米。地震发生时,乌鲁木齐震感明显,伊犁、巴州、吐鲁番等地均有震感。据民政部网站消息,截至12月12日9时统计,新疆呼图壁6.2级地震已造成新疆和兵团2.2万人受灾,1400余人紧急转移安置,1.4万间房屋不同程度损坏,直接经济损失1.5亿元。     

新疆极端水文事件的时空分布特征

利用1901-2010年的资料,采用传统统计方法及通过衡量极端水文事件的集中度、集中指数,分析了新疆极端水文事件的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明:新疆极端水文事件在空间分布上主要集中在伊犁和阿克苏地区,吐鲁番、和田为少灾区;时间上主要发生在夏半年,而冬半年相对较少,但北疆的阿勒泰地区冬半年较多;吐鲁番地区年内分布非常集中,乌鲁木齐、奎屯-石河子、阿克苏地区次之,阿勒泰地区集中度最小。     

我为故乡的大开发站岗

“手握一杆钢枪,身披万道霞光,我守卫在边防线上,为我们伟大祖国站岗……”我时常唱起这首激情昂扬的哨兵之歌。我是一名地震工作者,20多年如一日,常年值班在地震台站的机房,是保卫祖国建设和人民生命财产安全的防震减灾方队中的普通一兵。     

走进麻风村

在云南省,有一个离西双版纳傣族自治区景洪市144公里的偏远山寨,这个山寨有一个很好听的名字:“曼院”。他是一个由43户人家,176人组成的特殊寨子。在这里世代居住和生活着的人的命运都和一种叫“麻风”的病息息相连。2006年的第十九个“国际麻风日”到来之际,我走进了这个小山寨……     

中国紧急救援首次亮相

2003年2月24日上午10时许,新疆伽师、巴楚地区像大浪里的一艘舢板,上下左右乱蹦乱跳。“地震啦!……”如同海啸,如同闷雷,一阵震天撼地的轰鸣声过后,8800余户乡民房屋倒塌,许多灾民需要救助。突如其来的地震灾害引起党中央、国务院的高度重视,并立即组织紧急救援。25日凌晨1时许,中国国家地震灾害紧急救援     

基于模糊模式识别理论的灾害损失等级划分

从模糊模式识别理论的角度,探讨了自然灾害的等级划分方法。介绍了模糊综合评判法,并以新疆“９６．７”洪水灾度等级划分为例进行实例分析,计算了新疆“９６．７”洪水灾害中部分地州市模糊灾度等级序列及其隶属度。结果表明,在自然灾害等级划分中,模糊综合评判是一种科学、实用的灾度等级划分方法。     

新疆极端水文事件年内分布的非均匀性

利用1901-2010年的资料,采用传统统计方法以及新引入的衡量年内分布情况的集中度、集中指数,对比分析了新疆极端水文事件的年内分布特征。分析发现,传统统计方法和集中度、集中指数得出的年内分布具有很好的一致性,是一种可靠的分析方法,今后可以借鉴使用。结果表明:新疆极端水文事件年内分布极不均匀,夏半年和夏季的集中指数较大,而冬半年和冬季的集中指数较小,即大部分地区极端水文事件主要发生在夏半年,冬半年发生相对较少,但北疆的阿勒泰地区冬半年极端水文事件较多;吐鲁番的极端水文事件年内分布非常集中,乌鲁木齐、奎屯—石河子、阿克苏地区次之,阿勒泰地区集中度最小。     

新疆减轻自然灾害的研究

新疆是我国自然灾害群生的典型地区和频发地区,每年自然灾害造成的损失巨大。在未来十年灾害形势十分严峻的背景下,为参与联合国倡义的“国际减灾十年”活动和推动新疆的减轻工作,我们对新疆1949～1990年主要灾害进行了分析研究和统计,并对今后的减灾工作提出了建议。     

"华夏第一州"生态一瞥

在新疆雏吾尔族自治区东南部，有个被称为“华夏第一州”的巴音郭楞蒙古自治州。她地处天山南麓、昆仑山北麓和二者之同的塔里木盆地上。近年来，这个华夏第一大州乘着改革开放和西部大开发的机遇正在迅速崛起，经济搞得虹红火火。然雨我们更关注的是在经济发展的同时它的生态状况。在巴州五十年建州欠庆之日，我走进了这块西部热土。     

1991年1～4期总目次索引

〔理论·思路与争呜〕斜坡失稳的动力学分析······……牛志仁(1一1)分洪区洪灾保险工作初探···……徐宗学(1一9)略论地表物质坡移过程引起的灾害及其控制···……‘’‘”’‘’“”””””””“‘’‘’······……陈宝冲(工一14)自然灾害综合评价与分区···……张剑光(2一1)泥石流研究中的粒度分析方法及其应用·········……’.’‘’“”‘”’‘’‘’·””…’··········……赵惠林(2一6)地震前兆资料减灾信息的综合开发···············……”’“”’‘”””.”””····…     

突出重点 全面防御 健全体系 强化管理 社会参与 共同抵御

陈建民局长在2011年全国地震局长会暨党风廉政建设工作会议上指出,科学规划＂十二五＂时期的事业发展,按照＂科学防灾、积极避灾＂的要求,大力开展基础探测工作,加强抗震设防要求与行业抗震设计规范的衔接,强化监管,把防震保安工作纳入新农村建设,全面提升民居的抗震能力,实现有效减灾。     

岩土矿物与疾病

地方病是与地质环境有一定依存性的疾病。它的致病物质除直接来自人类生产和生活制品外,主要源于自然界的大气、水土、岩石中。换言之,人类生存发育与一定地区的水、土和生物化学元素含量有关,当某些元素含量过高,与人需要量不相适应时,就可能导致人发生某种疾病。归纳与地质因素有关的地方病有甲状腺肿(克汀病)、克山病、硒中毒、氟中毒、铜毒、铅毒症、不孕症、食道癌、肝癌、布鲁氏菌病、鼻咽癌、口腔癌、乳腺癌等。     

陕西汉中“98.7”洪涝灾害剖析

对汉中市１９９８年７月上旬的雨情、灾情作了初步统计,分析了致灾原因及经验与教训。     

Foundations of community disaster resilience: well-being,identity, services,and capitals

If community disaster resilience is to mature into a robust and lasting area of research, methodologically facilitated dialogue between empirical observations and theory is necessary. However, methodological and empirical research has outpaced community disaster resilience theory. To address this gap, a theoretical framework called WISC is presented. WISC is named after four constructs of the framework: well-being, identity, services, and capitals. WISC relates the two concepts of community and infrastructure, broadly defined, to the four constructs it is named after. The 4 constructs are respectively defined by 29 variables. The broadest interpretation of WISC is that infrastructure supports and facilitates components of community within human settlements. Infrastructure is represented as combinations of capitals and services; community is represented by connections of identity and well-being. Ultimately, well-being of a community is dependent on that community's collective capital. But these two constructs are mediated by the intervening constructs of identity and services. WISC goes beyond existing frameworks by addressing essential elements of theory building that have been overlooked in the literature, while synthesizing other frameworks and areas of knowledge. WISC provides a powerful foundation for posing and evaluating hypotheses, improving data collection efforts, and, most importantly, enabling critical theory building.     

Social entrepreneurship,co-production,and post-disaster recovery

Post-disaster recovery requires co-production; that is, the inputs of citizens are essential for successful community recovery to occur. Citizens contribute to post-disaster recovery by volunteering, taking on consultative and decision-making roles within their communities, and directly participating in post-disaster reconstruction efforts. Without meaning ful contributions from citizens—the intended beneficiaries—unilateral efforts by public officials and authorities will inevitably fail. This study shows that social entrepreneurs can thus play a critical role in spurring post-disaster recovery by facilitating co-production. It focuses on the role of social entrepreneurs after disasters and centres on one rural village, Giranchaur Namuna Basti in the Sindhupalchowk District of Nepal. Specifically, the study uses the case of the Dhurmus Suntali Foundation's Namuna village project in Giranchaur following the 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck on 25 April 2015 to examine the pivotal role that social entrepreneurs assume in promoting voluntary activities, community engagement, and participation in post-disaster recovery efforts.     

Ethnicity,income, and disaster preparedness in Deep South Texas,United States

This paper examines the influence of a series of demographic and socioeconomic factors on preparedness outcomes for a sample of residents of the Rio Grande Valley in the southernmost part of Texas, United States. Data were collected as part of the regional Pulse of the Valley Study, a general social survey of south Texas residents conducted by the Center for Survey Research at the University of Texas‐Rio Grande Valley. The purpose of this investigation is to understand better the effects of ethnicity and income on preparedness within a region of the US that suffers from widespread poverty and limited infrastructure and is prone to flooding and hurricanes. Taken together, the results suggest that while age, disaster experience, and income are associated with preparedness, the relationship between preparedness and ethnicity remains complex. Furthermore, policymakers should consider initiatives that address the socioeconomic and other issues that shape preparedness for a disaster.     

Immediate behavioural responses to earthquakes in Christchurch,New Zealand,and Hitachi,Japan

This study examines people's immediate responses to earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Hitachi, Japan. Data collected from 257 respondents in Christchurch and 332 respondents in Hitachi revealed notable similarities between the two cities in people's emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and immediate protective actions during the events. Respondents' physical, household, and social contexts were quite similar, but Hitachi residents reported somewhat higher levels of emotional reaction and risk perception than did Christchurch residents. Contrary to the recommendations of emergency officials, the most frequent response of residents in both cities was to freeze. Christchurch residents were more likely than Hitachi residents to drop to the ground and take cover, whereas Hitachi residents were more likely than Christchurch residents to evacuate immediately the building in which they were situated. There were relatively small correlations between immediate behavioural responses and demographic characteristics, earthquake experience, and physical, social, or household context.