Characteristics of microbial community functional structure of a biological coking wastewater treatment system

Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are key pollutants in coking wastewater; however, the functional potential of microbial communities for biodegradation of such contaminants during biological treatment is still elusive. Herein, a high throughput functional gene array (GeoChip 5.0) in combination with Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing was used to compare and characterize the microbial community functional structure in a long run (500 days) bench scale bioreactor treating coking wastewater, with a control system treating synthetic wastewater. Despite the inhibitory toxic pollutants, GeoChip 5.0 detected almost all key functional gene (average 61,940 genes) categories in the coking wastewater sludge. With higher abundance, aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase genes including multi ring1,2diox; one ring2,3diox; catechol represented significant functional potential for degradation of aromatic pollutants which was further confirmed by Illumina HiSeq2500 analysis results. Response ratio analysis revealed that three nitrogenous compound degrading genes- nbzA (nitro-aromatics), tdnB (aniline), and scnABC (thiocyanate) were unique for coking wastewater treatment, which might be strong cause to increase ammonia level during the aerobic process. Additionally, HiSeq2500 elucidated carbozole and isoquinoline degradation genes in the system. These findings expanded our understanding on functional potential of microbial communities to remove organic nitrogenous pollutants; hence it will be useful in optimization strategies for biological treatment of coking wastewater.     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

Microbial community functional structure in response to micro-aerobic conditions in sulfate-reducing sulfur-producing bioreactor

Limited oxygen supply to anaerobic wastewater treatment systems had been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve elemental sulfur(S0) recovery, coupling sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation. However, little is known about the impact of dissolved oxygen(DO) on the microbial functional structures in these systems. We used a high throughput tool(GeoChip) to evaluate the microbial community structures in a biological desulfurization reactor under micro-aerobic conditions(DO: 0.02–0.33 mg/L). The results indicated that the microbial community functional compositions and structures were dramatically altered with elevated DO levels. The abundances of dsrA/B genes involved in sulfate reduction processes significantly decreased(p 0.05, LSD test) at relatively high DO concentration(DO: 0.33 mg/L). The abundances of sox and fccA/B genes involved in sulfur/sulfide oxidation processes significantly increased(p 0.05, LSD test) in low DO concentration conditions(DO: 0.09 mg/L) and then gradually decreased with continuously elevated DO levels. Their abundances coincided with the change of sulfate removal efficiencies and elemental sulfur(S0) conversion efficiencies in the bioreactor. In addition, the abundance of carbon degradation genes increased with the raising of DO levels, showing that the heterotrophic microorganisms(e.g., fermentative microorganisms) were thriving under micro-aerobic condition. This study provides new insights into the impacts of micro-aerobic conditions on the microbial functional structure of sulfatereducing sulfur-producing bioreactors, and revealed the potential linkage between functional microbial communities and reactor performance.     

13C-PLFA分析方法及其在土壤微生物研究中的应用

磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）是重要的生物标志物之一,能够提供有关微生物群落结构的信息。将PLFA分析与稳定性同位素¹³C示踪技术结合（¹³C-PLFA）,可以指示微生物群落对于环境变化的响应及微生物群落间的相互作用。该技术在土壤生态系统的研究中已得到广泛应用。本文主要基于¹³C-PLFA技术的研究现状,介绍了该技术的原理和分析方法,举例阐述了¹³C-PLFA技术在土壤微生物生态学中的应用,包括植物-土壤系统中碳的微生物利用、外源碳的微生物利用、污染物的微生物降解以及在甲烷氧化菌等特定微生物群体的应用。同时分析了¹³C-PLFA技术在应用中的优缺点,并展望了其未来应用。     

不同相伴阴离子对镉污染红壤微生物区系及群落功能多样性的影响

通过外加醋酸镉和氯化镉的室内培养试验研究了不同相伴阴离子对镉污染红壤中微生物区系及群落功能多样性的影响 .结果表明 :在相同镉浓度下相伴OAc-对镉污染红壤的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量及微生物群落功能多样性的抑制作用大于相伴Cl-.统计分析显示 ,在供试红壤中OAc-与Cl-对其微生物区系及微生物群落代谢剖面 (AWCD值 )、Shannon指数的影响均达到显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且在红砂土上表现更为明显 .外加醋酸钾和氯化钾的培养试验结果表明 ,阳离子为钾时 ,相伴OAc-与Cl-对红壤微生物区系结构及群落功能多样性没有产生明显抑制作用 ,相伴OAc-甚至存在一定的刺激作用 .可见 ,相伴OAc-对镉污染红壤微生物的毒害作用大于相伴Cl-,其原因并非是阴离子本身的毒性效应 ,而镉的生物有效性变化可能是不同相伴阴离子镉盐导致毒性差异的原因之一 .     

典型集雨人饮地区窖水微生物群落多样性及差异解析

为阐释我国典型集雨饮水地区窖水水质自然变化机制,应用16S rRNA基因-Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,对以庭院为组织单元、不同类型集流面和水窖组合模式构建的集雨水源地水体中微生物群落及功能多样性差异进行了研究,表明窖水微生物群落结构及其功能存在显著的差异,造成这种差异的主要因素是窖水内部环境因子、外部环境因子等的异质性.窖水微生物群落结构多样性差异呈现大量的稀有种和少数常见优势种的分布模式,不同类型集流面和水窖组合模式构建的集雨水源地水体中含有不同的显著差异性微生物类群;微生物群落功能多样性差异体现在:编码新陈代谢功能的基因序列与其他功能基因序列相比具有显著的优势性,氨基酸、碳水化物、能量、脂类、辅助因子和维生素、萜类和酮类化合物、核苷酸、多糖的合成与代谢、外来物质的降解与代谢是构成新陈代谢功能的主要基因序列类群,表明窖水中存在大量、具有相对特定生态功能的微生物进行着诸多活跃的与新陈代谢相关活动.研究认为混凝土集流面与混凝土水窖组合模式用于收集和贮存雨水,水质更好、更安全.研究结果加深了对窖水微生物群落结构和多样性的认识,为开展集雨窖水水源地优选及改善窖水水质提供了借鉴.     

海水入侵区含水层中原核微生物多样性和群落结构特征及其意义

海水入侵引起的地下水咸化是沿海地区面临的主要自然灾害之一,并由此产生了强烈的物理化学梯度变化,严重影响了原生态环境. 为研究海水入侵影响下含水层微生物的多样性和群落结构,揭示海水入侵对原位微生物群落的环境影响,采用基于高通量测序的微生物群落分析方法,对珠江三角洲含水层中微生物群落多样性和结构组成进行表征和比较,并探讨微生物群落对环境变化的响应. 结果表明:研究区地下水中微生物群落主要分属于47个原核微生物门类,其中最丰富的门是变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其次是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),而古菌的群落结构以奇古菌(Thaumarchaeota)和广古菌(Euryarchaeota)为主,且Thaumarchaeota和Euryarchaeota在高浓度咸水中丰富度更高. 不同盐度梯度下微生物群落之间共有的OTUs占比为59%,在一些高浓度咸水样品中存在大量的脱硫弧菌属和甲烷球菌厌氧微生物. 虽然微生物群落的多样性并不完全与盐度梯度一致,但在溶解性总固体(TDS)浓度大于1 g/L的含盐地下水中,微生物群落的多样性随盐度的增加而增加. 典范对应分析(CCA)表明,TDS和总氮(TN)是影响微生物群落分布最显著的环境因子. 研究结果为进一步揭示海水侵蚀下的地下水中微生物群落的结构及其环境相互作用奠定了基础.      

紫色土中微生物群落结构及功能特征对土壤pH的差异响应

为明确紫色土中pH对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响,选取3种发育于相同母质但pH不同的紫色旱地土为研究对象,通过宏基因组测序技术来研究不同pH紫色土中微生物群落的结构和功能特征的差异.结果表明,宏基因组测序总共发现89门、 222纲、 527目、 1 009科、 2 769属和14 354种.不管是从门还是属分类水平,3种不同pH紫色土的微生物群落结构都有显著差异.RDA结果佐证了3种不同pH紫色土中微生物群落结构差异显著,且测定的土壤性质对微生物群落结构都具有显著的影响,其中土壤pH对微生物群落结构的影响最大（R²=0.998 5,P=0.001）.然而,对微生物群落功能的研究发现,3种不同pH紫色土中微生物群落的功能代谢过程都主要涉及功能未知、全局和总览、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和氨同化过程等.不管是COG/KEGG功能分类数据库还是氮循环功能数据库,3种不同pH紫色土中注释到同一功能途径的微生物相对丰度基本都没有显著差异,说明土壤微生物群落水平的总体功能是相对保守的,不容易受环境因子的影响.     

土壤微生物群落结构对生活源和工业源再生水灌溉的差异化响应

为研究不同来源再生水灌溉对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以地下水灌溉土壤为对照,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对长期利用生活源和工业源再生水灌溉的土壤微生物群落结构进行分析,进一步探究土壤环境因子及其相互作用对微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,与地下水灌溉相比,长期生活源再生水灌溉可显著提高土壤中TOC、 DOC、 Eh、 NH~+_4-N和TP的含量,长期工业源再生水灌溉导致Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Pb和Zn在表层土壤大量累积.再生水灌溉显著增加了土壤中Acidobacteria和Planctomycetes的相对丰度,降低了Firmicutes和Tectomicrobia的相对丰度,且不同来源再生水对土壤中功能微生物的影响不同,生活源再生水灌溉可显著增加Chloroflexi和Nitrospirae的相对丰度,而工业源再生水灌溉对Actinobacteria具有显著的抑制作用.db-RDA分析结果表明,生活源再生水灌溉土壤菌群主要受TN、 TP、 DOC和Eh影响(P0.05),工业源再生水灌溉土壤菌群主要受重金属影响(P0.05).长期再生水灌溉可改变土壤环境因子间的相互作用,进而影响微生物群落结构,生活源再生水灌溉土壤中微生物主要受DOC、 TN和TP等营养物质含量的增加和氧化还原条件的改变控制,工业源再生水灌溉土壤中微生物与重金属的积累显著相关.     

区域地下水环境演化的分子生物学特征——以太行山前平原浅层水为例

以太行山前平原大沙河流域的典型区域浅层地下水为研究对象,沿岸布点采集样本94组,采用基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术,以硝酸盐、溶解氧、化学需氧量为环境因子,分析指示环境因子演化的微生物群落结构特征及功能性指示菌属.结果显示：采用累积概率分布法将样品分为背景（B）、硝酸盐污染（N）、有机污染（O）、有机硝酸盐复合污染（O_N）4组,该分类与地下水质量标准的I类、Ⅱ类水分类相近;污染使种群结构趋于一致,且有机污染可使微生物群落丰富度降低;不同污染类型导致环境演化的功能性指示菌属分别为：Micromonospora和unclassified_f_Micromonosporaceae指示有机污染,Chryseobacterium和Streptomyces指示硝酸盐污染,Pseudomonas和Microvirgula指示硝酸盐和有机复合污染.以上构建的分子生物学方法可为区域环境调查及微生物修复提供理论依据.     

溶解氧对碳氮硫共脱除工艺中微生物群落影响解析

为了研究溶解氧对碳氮硫共脱除工艺中微生物群落的影响,探索供氧条件下提高单质硫转化率的机制,实验采用基因芯片GeoChip技术来解析不同曝气量下采集的污泥样品中的微生物群落结构特征.研究结果表明,微量的溶解氧能显著影响工艺中的微生物群落结构(P<0.001),相对较高浓度的溶解氧可以增加微生物的多样性但是却抑制了对溶解氧比较敏感的反硝化微生物的活性,导致工艺硝酸盐去除率下降.与反硝化微生物相比硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB)能抵抗更高浓度的溶解氧,因此工艺的硫酸盐还原过程未受到影响,一直保持较高的硫酸盐去除率.当曝气量为20 mL·min-1时单质硫的转化率最高,通过对sox(sulfur-oxidation)基因丰度分析和聚类分析发现,在该曝气量条件下sox基因的丰度最高,与厌氧条件相比有极其显著的差异.此外,GeoChip还检测到一些硫氧化细菌(sulfur-oxidizing bacteria,SOB)的丰度明显提高,证明适量的溶解氧能够刺激一部分SOB的生长与代谢.     

筑坝蓄水对不同水深浮游微生物群落结构和种间互作模式的影响

微生物群落之间通过直接或间接的关系相互作用,在生态过程中发挥重要作用,然而目前对于水库微生物种间互作模式的关注仍然较少.选择江苏省横山水库为研究区域,分别采集表层及深层水样,探究浮游微生物群落结构和分子生态网络对水深变化的响应规律,并辨识不同水深处浮游微生物群落的关键物种.结果发现,表层浮游微生物丰富度及均匀度均高于深层,且不同深度浮游微生物群落结构具有显著差异.水深通过改变环境异质性间接对浮游微生物群落产生影响,其中总有机碳（TOC）、硝酸盐（NO^-₃）、铵盐（NH⁺₄）和磷酸盐(PO₄^3-)等指标对浮游微生物群落结构影响最为显著.此外,深层浮游微生物分子生态网络的节点数和边数均显著高于表层,且深层浮游微生物群落中关键物种数目和种类均显著高于表层,表明深层浮游微生物群落网络规模更大,但表层浮游微生物群落种间协同合作关系和网络连通性更强.上述结果将为水库微生物群落种间相互作用研究提供科学依据,对预测水库生态系统中微生物的生态规律及全球物质循环影响具有重要意...     

Succession of aquatic microbial communities as a result of the water quality variations in continuous water

The changes of structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities in continuous water on campus of Tsinghua University, China are investigated by polyurethane foam unit(PFU) method. The measured compositions of the communities include alga, protozoa, and some metazoa (such as rotifers). The measured indicators of water quality include water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), potassium permanganate index(CODMn), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and chlorophyll- a(Chla). The trophic level, expressed by the trophic level indices(TL/c), is assessed with analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis (AHP-PCA) method. The changing trends of the structural and functional parameters of aquatic microbial communities, such as Margalef index of diversity(D), Shannon-weaver index of diversity (H), Heterotropy index (HI), number of species when the colonization gets equilibrium(Seq), colonizing speed constant(G) and time spent when 90 percent of Seq colonized in PFU ( T90% ), are also analyzed. The experimental results showed the succession of aquatic microbial communities along the water flow is consistent with the water quality changes, so the parameters of microbial community can reflect the changes of water quality from the ecological view.     

Prospects for the continued development of environmentally-realistic toxicity test susing microorganisms

The focus of environmental regulations has changed significantly since the introduction of the bioassay as a standard means of assessing environmental impact. Prominent in this change is an increasing emphasis on protecting the integrity of natural ecosystems, which incorporate community- and system-level properties as well as organismal and population processes. Consequently, support for the use of multispecies testing has widened to include not only ecologists in academia but environmental scientists in the regulatory and industrial sector as well. The reason for this trend is clear: the additional environmental realism gained from tests utilizing communities of organisms allows for greater insight into the potential hazard of chemicals and other forms of human activity to natural ecosystems that cannot be obtained from single species tests alone. Many of the problems cited for multispecies testing early in their evolution as a hazard assessment tool have been refuted or overcome. In particular, the u     

土壤微生物对环境胁迫的响应机制

微生物在生态系统物质循环和能量流动过程中起重要作用.研究土壤微生物对各种环境胁迫的响应有助于认识微生物对环境变化的适应与演变机理,维持土壤生态系统功能的稳定.土壤微生物群落多样性是衡量土壤生态系统稳定性的一个重要指标.多数研究表明,土壤微生物群落多样性越高,土壤生态系统越稳定.本文在总结土壤微生物群落多样性及其与环境胁迫响应关系的基础上,进一步讨论了土壤微生物对环境胁迫响应的生态学机制,包括:①抗性微生物的出现及抗性基因的水平转移.该过程导致了土壤微生物群落结构和多样性的改变,产生了更多抵抗能力较强的微生物类群,从而达到对外源干扰的适应,使土壤微生物群落对环境胁迫的抵抗力和恢复力随之提高.②土壤微生物群落功能的冗余.这些冗余程度越高,冗余组分缓冲维持生态系统正常功能的能力越强,从而提高微生物群落对环境胁迫的抵抗力和恢复力.研究土壤生态系统的稳定性与微生物多样性之间的关系,不仅有助于揭示土壤生态系统稳定性的内在机制,为合理调控提供科学依据,也可以为土壤环境质量管理提供参考.     

再生水补水对河流湿地香蒲根际细菌群落结构影响研究

以典型的再生水补水河流湿地为例,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP)分析河道不同空间香蒲根际细菌群落结构差异,并借助单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)、Spearman等级相关分析和典范对应分析(CCA)方法解析麻峪湿地香蒲根际细菌群落结构空间差异特征的形成原因,以揭示再生水补水过程对河道湿地香蒲根际细菌群落的影响,并尝试找出空间差异形成的驱动因子.结果表明:随再生水干扰强度的增加,各类群细菌群落的丰富度、均匀度及多样性均呈现不同程度的降低趋势;其中γ-变形菌门(Gammaproteobacteria)、δ-变形菌门(Deltaproteobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、ε-变形菌门(Epsilonproteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在再生水影响下均显著降低(P<0.05).Spearman等级相关分析显示pH值、DO(溶解氧)、TDS(总溶解固体)、ORP(氧化还原电位)、Sal(盐度)和NH₄⁺-N(氨氮)与植物根际细菌群落多样性空间演替紧密相关.CCA分析结果进一步表明再生水补水口的上游细菌群落与TN(总氮)、TOC(总有机碳)及重金属Cr、Ni、Cu具有密切关系,这可能与这些污染物累积效应有关;补水口附近植物根际细菌群落则因补水口再生水水质不同而具显著差异,其中第Ⅱa类群主要受到水质变量pH值影响较大,而第Ⅱb类群与T(温度)、ORP和NH₄⁺-N具有较高的相关性;补水口的下游细菌群落则因水体内源杂质及人为活动影响而同样与TOC及持久性痕量重金属生物循环密切相关.     

宏基因组学(Metagenomics)的研究现状和发展趋势

随着分子生物学技术的快速发展及其在微生物生态学和环境微生物学研究中的广泛应用,促进了以环境中未培养微生物为研究对象的新兴学科--微生物环境基因组学(又叫宏基因组学、元基因组学,Metagenomics)的产生和快速发展.宏基因组学通过直接从环境样品中提取全部微生物的DNA,构建宏基因组文库,利用基因组学的研究策略研究环境样品所包含的全部微生物的遗传组成及其群落功能.在短短几年内,宏基因组学研究已渗透到各个领域,包括海洋、土壤、热液口、热泉、人体口腔及胃肠道等,并在医药、替代能源、环境修复、生物技术,农业、生物防御及伦理学等各方面显示了重要的价值.对宏基因组学的主要研究方法、热点内容及发展趋势进行了综述,建议在我国尽快启动有关宏基因组学的研究,从国家层面上开展联合攻关,拓展当前的研究领域,发展相关研究策略和技术,开展广泛的国际合作,使我国在宏基因组学研究领域占据有利地位.     

Changes in enzymes activity, substrate utilization pattern and diversity of soil microbial communities under cadmium pollution

Heavy metal pollution has received increasing attention in recent years mainly because of the public awareness of environmental issues. In this study we have evaluated the effect of cadmium （Cd） on enzymes activity, substrate utilization pattern and diversity of microbial communities in soil spiked with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg Cd, during 60 d of incubation at 25℃. Enzyme activities determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after heavy metal application（DAA） showed marked declines for various Cd treatments, and up to 60 DAA, 100 mg/kg Cd resulted in 50.1%, 47.4%, and 39.8% decreases in soil urease, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities, respectively to control. At 60 DAA, substrate utilization pattern of soil microbial communities determined by inoculating Biolog ECO plates indicated that Cd addition had markedly inhibited the functional activity of soil microbial communities and multivariate analysis of sole carbon source utilization showed significantly different utilization patterns for 80 and 100 mg/kg Cd treatments. The structural diversity of soil microbial communities assessed by PCR-DGGE method at 60 DAA, illustrated that DGGE patterns in soil simplified with increasing Cd concentration, and clustering of DGGE profiles for various Cd treatments revealed that they had more than 50% difference with that of control.     

酸性冲击对微生物电解产氢阳极菌群影响及功能基因变化解析

微生物电解产氢工艺是借助能够直接与电极传递电子的功能菌在阳极降解有机质并将产生的电子在阴极与质子结合回收氢气能源的新技术.采用市政废水在固定外加电压相同条件下直接启动15个反应器,以葡萄糖为碳源驯化获得电极功能菌群,稳定运行1个月获得反应器稳定产氢和伴随产甲烷效能.初始稳定时采用pH为7的磷酸盐缓冲液可以获得稳定的产气量,平行反应器表现出不同的氢气和甲烷产量.最高产氢反应器的氢气转化率为32.2%,氢气产率为(3.9±0.6)mol·mol-1(以每mol葡萄糖产生的H2量(mol)计,下同);相同条件下最低产氢效率反应器的甲烷转化率则可达到48.4%.通过48 h阳极生物膜的酸性冲击试验对阳极菌群功能恢复效果进行分析,发现消除冲击10~15 d反应器的电子传递效率得到恢复,但功能菌群多样性增加,氢气与甲烷比例发生变化.最高产氢反应器氢气产率降低1.8 mol·mol-1,而甲烷增量为0.4 mol·mol-1(以每mol葡萄糖产生的CH4量(mol)计,下同).通过关键功能基因分析发现,初始产氢效能高的反应器功能菌群中电子传递功能菌优势较大;阳极功能菌群受到短暂酸性冲击后,基于细胞色素C基因的相关菌群能够较快恢复,其电子传递能力恢复更快;与碳源降解和产甲烷相关基因群落受酸性冲击后变化较为显著,甲烷增量与氢气减少量基本符合反应计量关系.     

水质净化生物滤池工艺的微生物群落特征及运行效果研究

为探讨水质净化生物滤池(生物强化滤池和生物活性炭滤池)工艺的微生物群落特征和运行效果,采用Biolog和PCR-SSCP (单链构象多态性)技术分析生物滤池中的微生物群落代谢功能与结构,测定生物滤池进出水NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₂-N、高锰酸盐指数、UV₂₅₄和BDOC等指标,考察其净水效果. 结果表明,原水经过生物滤池后,出水微生物群落代谢活性显著降低,说明生物滤池截留了原水中的活性微生物. 工艺运行6个月后,2个生物强化滤池中微生物群落代谢特征相似,其碳源利用率分别为73.4%和75.5%. 2个生物活性炭滤池中微生物群落代谢特征存在明显差异,颗粒活性炭生物滤池微生物群落碳源利用率79.6%高于柱状活性炭生物滤池的53.8%(p>＜0.01). PCR-SSCP分析表明各生物滤池微生物群落呈多样性,优势菌群基本一致. 研究还发现,生物强化滤池中的填料对微生物群落结构和代谢功能的影响较小,2种生物强化滤池净水能力无统计学差异(p>＞0.05);而生物活性炭滤池的颗粒活性炭填料有利于微生物群落生长繁殖,微生物群落有较强的代谢活性,其滤池对NH⁺₄-N、高锰酸盐指数、BDOC的去除效果优于柱状活性炭生物滤池(p>＜0.05);这也提示生物滤池运行效果与滤池中微生物群落代谢能力有关.