优势菌处理印染废水的工艺及脱色机理研究

采用不完全厌氧－好氧工艺处理印染废水，工程运行前在水解池中投入了主要用于脱色的优势菌群，经３年多的运行，系统的脱色率均稳定在９０％以上。从池中取菌进行分离鉴定，并进行各单株菌脱色能力实验，对其中具有最佳脱色能力的菌株进行偶氮染料活性黑ＫＮＢ的脱色产物的化学分析，从而探讨水解池中染料的脱色机理。结果发现：分离到的１０株菌对试验染料有较好脱色效果，高效液相色谱检测发现产物只有苯胺类物质的存在。该菌的脱     

印染废水治理研究现状

本文综述了印染废水水质及特点 ,染料的分类和发色机理。评述了目前印染废水治理研究中的各种物理、化学和生物方法应用现状、优点和存在的问题 ,及其对脱色效果的影响机理。     

固定化微生物处理印染废水

对固定化微生物技术处理印染废水的控制条件进行了研究,并进行了实际运行的考察。印染废水经表曝处理后,COD_(cr)约为145mg/l,色度约为40倍,再经固定化微生物处理后,出水COD_(cr)<50mg/l,色度<4.5倍。处理后的水可回收利用。     

印染废水中水回用改造项目工艺研究

目前,纺织印染业作为工业废水的排放大户,据不完全统计,2010年前后全国的印染废水排放量约为每天300万⁴00万吨,且呈逐年上升趋势。印染废水中的污染物主要包括棉毛等纺织纤维上的污物、盐类、油类和脂类,以及加工过程中投加的各种浆料、染料、表面活性剂、助剂和酸碱等。印染废水具有产生量大,废水性质复杂,可生化性差,色度高,盐分高等诸多特点,因此极难处理,特别是如何使达标处理后的废水实现中水回用的模式尚处于摸索阶段。本文结合实际印染废水中水回用工程项目进行探讨,从而提供一条切实可行的工艺路线。     

印染废水回用工程实践

介绍了印染废水回用工程的设计参数和运行情况.实践结果表明,采取了以曝气生物滤池(BAF)、臭氧和生物活性炭为主的工艺进行深度处理,出水各项指标达到了GB 4287-92<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>的要求.取得了良好的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益.     

制革废水深度处理回用ABFT工艺中试研究

研究了针对物化混凝＋SBR二级处理后的制革废水,采用ABFT＋吸附混凝沉淀工艺进行深度处理,其中出水主要污染物平均NH3-N 0.9mg/L,CODcr 133.8mg/L,平均去除率分别为99.0%和71.7%。通过脱色方案比较,活性炭吸附混凝沉淀法去除色度效果显著,出水色度低于5倍,另外出水回用于制革企业的生产性实验取得了成功,标志着制革废水深度处理与中水回用技术的一次重要突破,对制革废水处理提标减排和中水回用的开展具有良好的推动作用。     

印染废水的生物脱色处理

采用富集法从印染厂的废水及污泥中分离出混和菌株,经培养后用于印染废水的脱色处理,在厌氧条件下有明显的脱色效果。其最佳条件为尿素0 45g/L、酵母膏0 25g/l、温度30℃、pH7、接种量1 25%。用活性炭作为脱色菌固定化的载体,在流速为6mL/min时,平均脱色率达70%以上。     

微生物强化处理印染废水的中试研究

以绍兴县综合性印染废水为处理对象,采用混凝一水解酸化一好氧工艺,并且在好氧单元中投加微生物菌剂进行中试研究,探讨了该工艺对印染废水的处理效能。结果表明,投加菌剂后,该系统出水大大改善。投加茵剂前,出水CODl91mg／L,投加菌剂后,出水111mg／L。当该系统高效茵群已形成后,不投加茵剂20天内,该系统仍然可以保持出水CODl21mg／L。当该系统MLSS大量降低后,该系统出水仍然可达120mg／L,此现象说明该系统耐受冲击能力强,且为污泥的减量化研究可能指明了一个新方向。     

利用多孔陶珠固定化微生物细胞处理印染废水的研究

用自制多孔陶珠载体固定脱色混合菌,在不同pH、温度、增补营养浓度、固定化细胞与废水比率等条件对印染废水的脱色进行了试验.在最适条件下进行填充柱式反应器作扩大处理印染废水,脱色效果良好.     

固定化微生物柱处理染料废水试验中细菌的存活

以凹凸棒粘土颗粒为载体,混合固定化７株高效脱色菌,组装成固定化生物反应性,进行各种染料废水的脱色试验,在试验各阶段,从柱体取出凹凸棒颗粒进行细菌存活检查,经过半年多的运行,最后能检测到初始固定化７种菌中的６种力,说明本试验采用固定化混龠力种及强制固定化优良菌株的方式是可行的,电镜检查表明,凹凸棒颗粒表面粗糙,具有孔洞,缝隙,是微生物生长的发良好载休固定在凹凸棒表面生长繁殖,也可在颗粒缝隙２００μｍ     

Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater towards reuse by the combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor process

The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions (initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe 2+ 1.7 mmol/L) the average total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/(m 3 ·day). The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water-water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.     

炼油厂污水回用处理研究

研究表明，炼油厂外排污水采用悬浮载体生物接触氧化、砂滤和臭氧生物活性炭工艺深度处理，主要污染物都有良好的去除效果，总出水清澈、无色，可以满足多种回用要求。分析表明，大部分还原性污染物通过生物深度处理而去除，而微量有机物主要由臭氧生物活性炭去除。工艺系统具有除污染效率高、运行稳定、抗冲击能力强等优点。     

利用光合细菌处理糖蜜酒精发酵废液中试研究

利用厌氧可溶化发酵－光合细菌（UASB－PSB）四级槽法处理糖蜜废液,COD_Cr和BOD_{5去除率分别达95.33％和96.12％以上,处理后的光合细菌菌液可以综合利用,具有较大经济效益。}     

A pilot scale anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) for woolen mill dyeing wastewater treatment

A pilot-scale( 10 m^3/d) anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor( A/O MBR) was tested for dyeing wastewater treatment of woolen mill without wasting sludge in 125 days operation. Results showed that the effluent quality was excellent, i.e. effluent COD less than 25 mg/L,BOD5 under 5 mg/L, turbidity lower than 0.65 NTU, and colour less than 30 DT, and met with the reuse water standard of China. The removal rates of COD, BOD5, colour, and turbidity were 92.4%, 98.4%, 74% and 98.9%, respectively. Constant-flux operation mode was carried out in this study, and backwash was effective for reducing membrane fouling and maintaining constant flux. Membrane fouling had heavy impact on energy consumption. More attention should be paid on pipe selection and design for the sidestream MBR system, too.     

基于新型载体AMC/UASB-SCMBBR生物工艺处理印染废水的中试研究

针对泉州某印染厂实际废水(COD 800～1800 mg·L~(-1),NH~+_4-N 20～50 mg·L~(-1),pH=8～14),以两种新型载体分别作为厌氧与好氧单元中微生物固定化载体,考察了中试规模上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)与柔性悬浮载体移动床生物膜反应器(SCMBBR)组合工艺对该废水的处理效果.4个月的连续试验结果表明:①经过30 d前期调试运行该工艺系统成功启动,处理量为1.5～2.2 m~3·d~(-1)时,AMC/UASB和SCMBBR反应器对COD的去除率分别达到22%和50%,AMC/UASB反应器出现明显的产气现象,SCMBBR中载体挂膜状况良好;②启动完成后经过90 d的连续运行,当AMC/UASB和SCMBBR反应器水力停留时间分别为10.7 h和8.8 h,废水处理量为5 m~3·d~(-1)时,稳定运行阶段整个工艺废水COD去除率达到78%,出水氨氮平均浓度为3.4 mg·L~(-1);此外,整体工艺色度去除率达到65%,其中,厌氧段色度去除率达到50%左右;③通过分析计算,整个系统污泥减量达到67.7%～76.6%,该生物组合工艺具有明显的污泥减量效果.     

Stability of expanded granular sludge bed process for terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment.     

好氧及厌氧固定化微生物处理能力的比较研究

以聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）为包埋剂,分别包埋固定活性污泥及厌氧污泥进行了对废水中有机物的好氧及厌氧降解试验,比较了固定化及未固定的污泥,固定化活性及厌氧污泥对废水处理力。结果表明,固定化污泥的容积负荷是未固定的污泥的１．３－２．１倍,在试验条例上,固定化厌氧污泥与自由厌氧污泥的容积负荷比（２．１３）明显高于固定化活性污泥下自由活性污泥的比值（１．３０－１．５４）。综合污泥负荷及单位污泥产气量,说明固定化     

高通量测序研究酒精废水治理中厌氧活性污泥的微生物菌群

厌氧消化是治理酒精生产废水的主要技术,本实验基于Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序研究了厌氧活性污泥的微生物菌群,在属(genus)水平上分析了污泥中细菌和古菌的种类和相对丰度,探讨了细菌和古菌的功能.结果表明:高温厌氧活性污泥(TAS)中相对丰度≥1.0%的细菌属有10个,包括Coprothermobacter、Longilinea、Levilinea等,它们的主要功能是分解蛋白质、代谢碳水化合物生成有机酸、乙酸氧化、硫酸盐还原.中温厌氧活性污泥(MAS)中相对丰度≥1.0%的细菌属有21个,包括Acinetobacter、Succinibibrio、Meniscus、Longilinea等,它们的主要功能是代谢碳水化合物生成有机酸、脂肪酸和有机酸氧化、分解结构顽固化合物.TAS中古菌属主要是产甲烷古菌Methanosaeta、Methanobacterium和Methanothermbacter,它们的相对丰度分别为57.72%,28.35%和9.90%.MAS中古菌属主要是产甲烷古菌Methanobacterium、Methanosarcina、Methanosaeta和Methanosphaera,它们的相对丰度分别为33.21%、23.70%、16.63%和11.77%.高通量测序研究充分展示了厌氧活性污泥的微生物菌群,可为阐释酒精废水治理中厌氧消化技术的生物机制及其技术改良提供参考.     

磁态厌氧流化床处理印染废水

在厌氧流化床中投加高效脱色菌种;采用聚集—交联固定法,将脱色菌固定于活性污泥上;在反应器内投加磁粉形成稳恒弱磁场,对微生物产生正的磁生物效应来提高生化反应速率,处理人工模拟印染废水。试验结果表明,水力停留时间3h,色度去除率90％以上CODcr去除率44％～49％。与传统生化法相比,该装置投资省,成本低,处理效果良好。启动快,耐冲击负荷,停留时间短,操作管理方便。在实际应用中有广阔的前景。     

Performance of bioferric-submerged membrane bioreactor for dyeing wastewater treatment

Adding iron salt or iron hydroxide to sludgemixed liquor in an aeration tank of a conventional activated sludge processes (bioferric process) can simultaneously improve the sludge’s filterability and enhance the system’s treatment capacity. In view of this, Fe(OH)₃ was added to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) to enhance the removal efficiency and to mitigate membrane fouling. Bioferric process and SMBR were combined to create a novel process called Bioferric-SMBR. A side-by-side comparison study of Bioferric-SMBR and common SMBR dealing with dyeing wastewater was carried out. Bioferric-SMBR showed potential superiority, which could enhance removal efficiency, reduce membrane fouling and improve sludge characteristic. When volumetric loading rate was 25% higher than that of common SMBR, the removal efficiencies of Bioferric-SMBR on COD, dye, and NH₄ ⁺-N were 1.0%, 9.5%, and 5.2% higher than that of common SMBR, respectively. The trans-membrane pressure of Bioferric-SMBR was only 36% of that in common SMBR while its membrane flux was 25% higher than that of common SMBR. The stable running period in Bioferric-SMBR was 2.5 times of that in common SMBR when there was no surplus sludge discharged. The mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of Bioferric-SMBR was higher than that of common SMBR with more diversified kinds of microorganisms such as protozoans and metazoans. The mean particle diameter and specific oxygen uptake rate of Bioferric-SMBR were 3.10 and 1.23 times the common SMBR, respectively. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 65–70 [译自: 环境科学]