膜材料应用于化工废水回用的思考

调查了使用膜材料的化工废水回用工程的若干案例后,总结了目前使用膜材料化工废水回用工程的经验和教训。为使化工废水回用目标顺利实现,应做到：要认认真真地做试验,要以试验为基础;按科学研究的规律,开发废水回用的全流程技术;明确职责,开好车,加强装置的日常操作管理;开发、使用有针对性的清洗约剂;充分利用废水处理的成熟技术。建议新建项目废水处理的目标应直接定在回用,而不是达到排放标准;膜材料、废水回用技术术语、使用标准等应规范化,制定、修订废水回用于锅炉补充水、循环冷却补充水、杂用水的水质标准。     

系统工程法在废水回用于循环水系统中的应用

阐述了将系统工程法应用于废水回用于循环水系统的必要性.总结了采用系统工程法解决废水回用于循环水系统所存在的问题时应做到的强化废水预处理、改善废水水质和提高废水回用率、完善清污分流以及污污分治的设施和管理、改善废水末端处理效果、完善循环水水质处理方案等要素.实际运行效果表明,采用系统工程法后,废水回用平稳运行期循环水系统...     

美国炼油厂循环冷却水处理与污水回用现状

介绍了美国炼油厂循环冷却水系统的水质指标及常用的水质稳定技术,简述了美国炼油厂污水回用于循环冷却水的水源和水质要求,论述了市政污水回用的深度处理技术,分析了回用水对炼油厂循环冷却水系统的影响及相应的水处理工艺的调整方法,为我国炼油厂循环冷却水处理及污水回用提供借鉴。     

Terrestrial physical and chemical processes for liquid waste treatment

Experiences gained from full-scale evaluation of advanced treatment processes used for reclaiming wastewaters should help in the evaluation of potential treatment systems for treatment and reuse of water in space. Water Factory 21 is a 0.66 m³s⁻¹ (15 million gallons per day) water reclamation plant in California that has been in operation since 1976. The plant receives biologically treated wastewater. Lime treatment is effective for removal of heavy metals. Volatile organic constitutes are efficiently removed by air stripping. Non-volatile organic constituents are removed by activated carbon adsorption and reverse osmosis (RO). RO is a highly effective polishing step, and removes most of the remaining materials including inorganic salts, heavy metals, and organics. RO removed 85% of the total organic carbon, down to about 1 mg 1⁻¹, which is lower than in many treated drinking waters. The series of treatment processes used insured virus and pathogen removal, with lime treatment and chlorination together proving highly effective. Sufficient data has been collected to provide statistically reliable confidence limits to be set on the performance of each unit process.     

Innovative reuse of drinking water sludge in geo-environmental applications

In recent years, the replacement of natural raw materials with new alternative materials, which acquire an economic, energetic and environmental value, has gained increasing importance. The considerable consumption of water has favoured the increase in the number of drinking water treatment plants and, consequently, the production of drinking water sludge. This paper proposes a protocol of analyses capable of evaluating chemical characteristics of drinking water sludge from surface water treatment plants. Thereby we are able to assess their possible beneficial use for geo-environmental applications, such as the construction of barrier layers for landfill and for the formation of “bio-soils”, when mixed with the stabilized organic fraction of municipal solid waste. This paper reports the results of a study aimed at evaluating the quality and environmental aspects of reconstructed soils (“bio-soil”), which are used in much greater quantities than the usual standard, for “massive” applications in environmental actions such as the final cover of landfills. The granulometric, chemical and physical analyses of the sludge and the leaching test on the stabilized organic fraction showed the suitability of the proposed materials for reuse.The study proved that the reuse of drinking water sludge for the construction of barrier layers and the formation of “bio-soils” reduces the consumption of natural materials, the demand for landfill volumes, and offers numerous technological advantages.     

住宅小区雨水资源化与中水回用模式与技术

住宅小区雨水资源化利用与中水回用是建设节水型城市,实现水资源可持续利用的重要组成部分．住宅小区的雨水资源化利用技术将雨水收集、雨水分散处理、雨水集中利用、雨水渗透等技术进行集成优化,具有处理效果好、雨水利用率高、管理方便的优点。住宅小区中水回用属于封闭式污水再生回用系统,采用膜生物反应器（MBR）技术作为小区中水回用技术,具有占地面积少、工艺流程短、处理效率高等优点。     

火电厂节水技术综述

对火电厂用水、废水的产生情况进行了研究,提出相应的废水处理及再利用对策,并介绍了国内外火电厂的节水技术方案和措施,可为火电厂的节水工作提供借鉴.     

脱硫废水引入渣溢水系统的处理效果分析

介绍了脱硫废水引入渣溢水系统的综合处理效果,对处理后水质指标及影响因素进行了长期跟踪分析,结果表明：处理后各水质指标均符合废水回用或排放标准,脱硫废水引入渣溢水系统处理是可行的。     

印染废水回用处理的设计实例

采用"厌氧水解—缺氧—好氧—二次沉淀—超滤—反渗透"组合工艺进行印染废水的处理回用。运行结果表明,在平均进水COD和色度分别为508 mg/L和1695倍的情况下,COD和色度的总去除率分别为94.2%和98.8%,硬度不超过10 mg/L,铁、锰离子未检出,各项指标均达到HJ 471—2009《纺织染整工业废水治理工程技术规范》中的回用标准。GC-MS分析结果显示,二沉池出水中主要有机物成分复杂,超滤出水中有机物浓度有一定降低,反渗透出水中酸类全部被去除、苯胺类和烷烃类含量明显降低。从染色的白位沾色、手感、颜色和亮度等指标分析,回用水的染色效果远优于工业水。污水处理工程总投资约1×10~7元,设计规模4 500 m~3/d,回用水规模2 500 m~3/d,回用率55%,回用运行成本1.80元/m~3。     

曝气生物滤池效能关键影响因素研究进展

曝气生物滤池（BAF）是一种新型的生物氧化处理工艺,已被广泛应用于城市废水处理、中水回用及微污染源水的预处理。详细论述了目前国内外对BAF效能的关键影响因素,如填料、水力停留时间、进水底物、水温、曝气量与进水量比、反冲洗工艺、化学除磷药剂等的研究现状,并探讨了其今后的研究方向。     

Integrating Groundwater Conservation and Reuse into Remediation Projects

Groundwater remediation projects generally involve extraction and treatment of contaminated groundwater. The current state of the practice does not include an emphasis on conservation and reuse of groundwater. Consequently treated groundwater is typically disposed in sanitary or storm sewers. Longstanding water conservation and reuse practices in the municipal wastewater industry provide a body of experience available to the remediation industry. Case studies of conservation and reuse options for groundwater at remediation sites have been found across a broad range of geographic settings and regulatory jurisdictions. The intent of this article is to stimulate a more holistic view of the groundwater associated with remediation projects and to promote conservation and beneficial reuse of a vital natural resource. © 2014 US Sustainable Remediation Forum     

水合肼生产废水及其处理现状

水合肼是一种重要的化工原料和化学中间体,广泛应用于化工、医药、农药和军工行业.由于水合肼具有较强毒性,被列为《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目,因此其生产废水的处理十分重要.本文对目前国内外水合肼生产工艺及其产生的废水进行了介绍,详细分析并归纳了水合肼生产废水中不同污...     

用废铝渣制备聚合硫酸铝

将铝材厂前处理过程产生的废铝渣用硫酸溶解,然后加入有机添加剂等进行聚合反应,制备新型水处理剂——聚合硫酸铝（PAS）。用PAS与聚合氯化铝（PAC）进行絮凝对比实验,结果表明,对于硅藻土浊度水、水源水和工业废水等,PAS比PAC具有更优异的除浊、脱色、去除COD和悬浮物的效果。该工艺既可回收利用废铝渣,又可省去废渣处置费用,为废铝渣的综合利用提供了实用技术。     

炼油废水处理的现状、问题及对策

针对原油性质日趋恶劣、排放标准日益严格的形势,介绍了炼油废水的处理现状,分析了炼油废水在达标排放、处理回用、运行成本等方面面临的主要问题,提出了从源头挖掘节水减排潜力、实施装置排水分级控制与高浓度废水预处理、对废水处理场进行适度改造和补充完善、开发含盐废水处理技术等对策。     

油脂工业废水的回用

以某油脂化工厂排放的达标废水为研究对象,提出了微絮凝-直接过滤、二级活性炭吸附、二氧化氯氧化消毒串连的深度处理工艺,并在小试基础上进行了油脂废水再生回用的工业化试验研究,处理规模为400m^3／d。处理后出水中COD、浊度、色度、阴离子表面活性剂（LAS）含量、细菌总数等均满足市政供水水质标准。回用水可作为碱化车间和油脂预处理车间的生产补充用水。     

酿酒废水处理及资源综合利用

采用以IC厌氧反应器为主的三级处理工艺处理酿酒废水,出水回用于锅炉冷却用水,产生的沼气发电用于污水处理站设备运行。工程运行结果表明,通过出水回用及沼气发电较好地进行资源的综合利用,变废为宝,值得推广。     

利用钢铁酸洗废液生产三氯化铁

利用钢铁酸洗废液和钢铁厂的粉尘平炉灰生产三氯化铁试验结果表明，该工艺废治废，方法简单，其产品可用于饮用水净化，污水处理和工业生产，实现了利用，化害为利，具有较好的经济，社会和环境效益。     

大孔树脂吸附法处理萘系染料中间体生产废水的进展

分析了萘系料中间体生产废水的水质特征,综述了国内曾经采用的处理工艺,重点介绍了大孔树会法在各种萘系染料中间体废水治理和资源化研究方面的进展和工业应用现状,并展望了其发展前景。     

Centrifugal dewatering of blended sludge from drinking water treatment plant and wastewater treatment plant

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The blended sludge taken from drinking water treatment plant (WTP) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for centrifugal dewatering was proposed....     

大港油田污水回用工程超滤反渗透设计

通过总结大港油田污水回用深度处理工程超滤反渗透系统设计思路,介绍了目前国际领先的"双膜法"污水回用深度处理技术.着重论述了该工程超滤反渗透单元以及各辅助系统如加药、反洗、化学清洗等系统的设计,研究并探讨了系统设计中膜污染问题的解决措施和思路.