模拟酸雨及施磷对水稻土中汞的淋溶特性影响研究

采用pH3.0、pH4.5与对照pH 5.6的3种模拟酸雨淋溶土柱的方法,研究了酸雨及含磷酸雨淋溶下合肥市郊水稻土中汞的释放特征与规律.结果表明:经过相当于1980降水量的淋溶后,汞释放量总体上是随着酸雨强度增加累积淋溶量的增加.酸雨作用下,施磷量越多土壤中汞的淋失总量越大.在酸雨及施磷条件下,大兴地区黄褐土Hg较义城地区水稻土易于淋失.     

酸雨的形成、危害及防治对策

我国酸雨正呈蔓延之势 ,酸雨区面积占国土面积的 30 % ,已成为继欧洲、北美之后世界第三大重酸雨区。酸雨给地球生态环境和人类社会经济都带来严重的影响和破坏。酸雨的防治 ,一靠完善的环境法规和执法力度 ;二靠先进的技术和设备。本文介绍了酸雨的成因、危害及酸雨治理的措施     

Control strategy for sulfur dioxide and acid rain pollution in China

Ｃｈｉｎａ′ｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｈａｓｅｘｐａｎｄｅｄａｔａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅｏｆｏｖｅｒ 9%ｅａｃｈｙｅａｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓ.Ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｒａｐｉｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃ ｇｒｏｗｔｈｗｈｉｌｅｓｉｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓＣｈｉｎａｗｉｔｈａｎｕｒｇｅｎｔｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅ .1　Ｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓｔａｔｕｓｏｆｓｕｌｆｕｒｄｉｏｘｉｄｅａｎｄａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｐｏｌｌ…     

丹东市降水pH值及酸雨分析

分析2013年大气降水pH值及近10年历史演变的方法分析丹东市酸雨污染现状、特征,并从污染源和气候条件解释酸雨形成的原因,确定酸雨的形成受外来空气污染物影响较大,而酸雨强度的大小具有本地环境条件和环境污染特征。     

酸雨对3种木本植物的胁迫效应

以对酸雨胁迫伤害敏感程度不同的桃树（Prunus persica）、蜡梅（Chimonanthus praecox）和木犀（Osmanthus fragrana）3种典型木本植物为试材,研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨对3种木本植物叶片叶绿素含量,细胞质膜透性（L％）,脯氨酸（Pro）及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,以及光、暗条件对酸雨胁迫伤害的作用。结果表明,在酸雨胁迫下,抗性植物水犀的4项生理生化指标的变幅最小,其次是蜡梅,敏感植物桃树的4项生理生化指标的变幅最高,而光、暗处理对酸雨胁迫下3种木本植物叶片叶绿素含量影响不明显。     

Effect of TiO2 surface properties on the scr activity of Nox emission abatement catalysis

NOx emission abatement catalysts V2O5 supported on variousTiO2 including anatase, rutile and mixture of both have beeninvestigated with various physico-chemical measurements such asBET, NH3-TPD, NARP, XRD and so on, and the effect of TiO2 surfaceproperties on the SCR activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts was studied.It has been found that the TiO2 surface properties had strongaffect on the SCR activity of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts. The strongeracidic property resulted the higher exposure of active sites aswell as the higher SCR activity.     

ICP/MS法测定酸雨中的Pb

采用 ICP/MS法分析酸雨中的 Pb元素 ,在优化的工作条件下 ,研究可能的干扰影响及选择合适的内标元素( Y89) ,同时测定 Pb的同位比以确定大气中 Pb的污染。 Pb的检出限 0 .0 0 2～ 0 .0 0 3ppb,相对标准偏差 0 .0 2 %～ 2 .0 1%     

株洲市酸雨污染特征及防治措施研究

通过对华中酸雨区中部的株洲市 1 991年以来降水酸度及化学组成的分析表明 :株洲酸雨属硫酸型 ,SO2 - 4和NH+4 :是调节降水酸度的重要离子 ,局地污染源是导致降水酸化的主要因素 ,但也存在酸雨前体物的中长距离传输效应 ,控制和削减本地和周边地区SO2 排放总量是遏制株洲酸雨蔓延的基本途径。     

基于遥感监测和气流轨迹的酸雨成因研究

酸雨对生态系统的危害已经引起全世界的广泛关注,探讨其形成机制是控制酸雨污染的重要研究基础.本研究基于遥感监测的降水发生前后的致酸前体物大气SO2和NO2柱浓度数据,利用气流轨迹方法探讨了辽宁省大连和丹东2007年典型场次酸雨的形成机制.研究结果显示,卫星遥感影像与气流轨迹法相结合可以有效地表达酸雨前体物的来源、传输模式及降雨对致酸前体物的清除效果,为科学、合理地判断酸雨沉降机制提供了更加直观、有效的技术支持.     

酸雨(水)对地质环境的影响研究及其意义

酸雨沉降对地质环境产生危害.地质体(岩石、矿物)为酸雨敏感性研究不可或缺的组成部分.开展地质环境对酸雨危害降解效应的研究具有重要的理论与现实意义.     

阜新市酸雨的变化规律与防治措施和方法

本文以阜新市“十五”和“十一五”期间酸雨的变化规律,用监测数据的方法说明酸雨发生变化的原因和变化规律,阐述了阜新市政府防治酸雨的具体措施和防治方法.     

Ca2+浸种对酸雨伤害玉米幼苗的影响

通过砂培实验,研究了钙浸种对酸雨伤害玉米幼苗的防护效应.结果表明,酸雨胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b比值下降,叶片汁液的pH值降低,SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性先升高,而在pH值2.5的酸雨胁迫下转而下降,CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性水平下降,POD(过氧化物酶)活性明显增加,脂质过氧化加剧；而在同一强度酸雨胁迫下,经CaCl     

Cleaner tanning practices for tannery pollution abatement: Role of enzymes in eco-friendly vegetable tanning

Concern about pollution related problems in the global scenario are persuading all the processing industries to adopt cleaner manufacturing practices. Thus, the leather industry is also under pressure to look for effective alternative tanning materials for chromium. Natural products like vegetable tannins are regaining importance. However, there are limitations in the use of vegetable tanning materials because of its high organic load in the effluent, which are difficult to degrade leading to high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Moreover, conventional vegetable tanning process requires partial pickling that involves the use of sodium chloride, to suppress osmotic swelling. This results in very high amount of total dissolved solid (TDS) content in wastewaters. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to design an eco-friendly vegetable tanning process combining pickle-free tanning and application of proteolytic enzymes to improve the exhaustion of vegetable tannins. Such an approach has resulted in more than 95% tannin exhaustion in the case of the experimental process, an increase of 10% compared with the conventional vegetable tanning process. The tanned leathers showed slight improvement in hydrothermal stability. Physical and tactile evaluation of experimental leathers has been better than conventionally tanned leathers. Surface colour values illustrated negligible variation in colour and shade between control and experimental leathers. The resultant leather showed opened up, split compact fibre structure that has been well coated, indicating that the enzyme assisted tanning process did not bring about any major change or destruction on the fibre structure of the leathers. The optimized system has been field tested in a commercial tannery. The results showed that the enzyme assisted tanning process is efficient in terms of improved quality of leather and also led to reduction in total solids (TS), chlorides and COD loads. The enzyme assisted tanning system presented appears to be a viable option for combating pollution arising from the conventional vegetable tanning system.     

中国中南部典型酸雨区森林土壤酸化现状分析

对重庆铁山坪(TSP)、湖南蔡家塘(CJT)、广东流溪河(LXH)和贵州雷公山(LGS)4个观测站土壤样品的研究结果表明,4个观测站均属于土壤严重酸化区,酸化强弱顺序为TSP>CJT>LXH>LGS,阳离子交换量(CEC)和盐基饱和度(BS)均随土层加深而降低,而吸附态SO42-量和铝离子饱和度(AlS)均随土层加深而升高.4个观测站的BS与AlS呈负相关性,说明Al3+对盐基离子有较强的置换能力.     

中国中南部典型酸雨区森林土壤酸化现状分析

对重庆铁山坪(TSP)、湖南蔡家塘(CJT)、广东流溪河(LXH)和贵州雷公山(LGS)4个观测站土壤样品的研究结果表明,4个观测站均属于土壤严重酸化区,酸化强弱顺序为TSP>CJT>LXH>LGS,阳离子交换量(CEC)和盐基饱和度(BS)均随土层加深而降低,而吸附态SO42-量和铝离子饱和度(AlS)均随土层加深而升高.4个观测站的BS与AlS呈负相关性,说明Al3+对盐基离子有较强的置换能力.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on root growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba saplings planted in acidified soil

Results from pot culture (with one-year old Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba) are described. It was found that the biomass production and elongation of C. lanceolata was seriously inhibited at pH 2.0 rain, but for S. superba, was not affected markedly. When pH values of experimental rain were higher than 2.0, the root growth of both species was not adversely affected. Aluminium had already accumulated to some degrees in the roots of both trees, and started to affect the root growth of C. lanceolata at pH 2.0 rain. The soil chemistry was also examined. Increased acidity of experimental rain increased the leaching of Ca and Mg. The Al/Ca mol ratio increased from 0.3 to 0.9 in top soil, and in rhizosphere to 1.5 when the pH values of simulated acid rain were 4.5 to 2.0. In this experiment, NO3- fertilization effect was discovered.     

Response of peroxidase and catalase to acid rain stress during seed germination of rice, wheat, and rape

Seed germination of plants with various acid-resistance display different responses to acid rain. To understand the reason why such differences occur, the effects of simulated acid rain (pH 2.5–5.0) on the activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) during seed germination of rice (O. sativa), wheat (T. aestivum), and rape (B. chinensis var. oleifera) were investigated. Results indicated that the maximum change in activities of CAT and POD by acid rain treatment with different acidity and time in relation to the referent treatment without acid rain, was in the order: rice (28.8%, 31.7%) < wheat (34.7%, 48.3%) < rape (79.3%, 50.0%). The pH level for which the treatment with acid rain did not cause significant difference (p < 0.05) was in the order: rice (3.5).wheat (4.0).rape (5.0). Moreover, the change in activity of POD was higher than that of CAT, which showed that POD was more sensitive to acid rain stress than CAT. The difference in the ability of POD and CAT in removing free radicals was one reason why the germination indexes of these three species behaved differently. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 123–125 [译自: 环境科学]