干除灰技术现状及发展前景

1987年我国发电装机容量已突破一亿千瓦,其中7300多万千瓦是以燃煤为主的火电厂,每年约排出5000万吨灰渣。预计到本世纪末,发电装机容量将达到2.4亿千瓦,其中火电装机占1.6～1.8亿千瓦,年排灰渣达1.6     

粉煤灰分选设备综述及国产设备现状与研制方向

本文综述了国内外有关粉煤灰分选（级）的设备，着重介绍其结构、工作原理和特点，通过比较，分析了国产设备的现状，并提出了国产设备在研制、推广方面的努力方向。     

粉煤灰气力输送系统的抽吸疏通技术

通过与常用管道堵塞疏通方法的比较,介绍一种适用于粉煤灰气力输送系统的抽吸疏通技术及其优点。     

粉煤灰的改性、成型及深度除磷应用

选择合适的改性剂对粉煤灰进行改性,通过有机高分子交联方法对改性粉煤灰进行成型处理,并采用静态吸附法评价改性粉煤灰的深度除磷效果。采用1 g氢氧化铝改性粉煤灰处理100 mL磷质量浓度为10.0 mg/L的模拟废水,磷去除率可达99.70％,处理后模拟废水中磷质量浓度低于0.50 mg/L, 达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》。成型处理可提高粉煤灰的沉降速率,改善灰水分离效果。经超声再生后的成型氢氧化铝改性粉煤灰的磷去除率仍可达67.9％。     

陡电干除灰设备治理和改进

针对陡河发电厂干除灰系统易出现内管脱落、磨损及逆止阀密封不严等问题系统地进行了分析,对频发缺陷进行了治理和改进,确保干除灰系统安全运行。     

粉煤灰复合吸附剂的研制及其在工业废水除氟中的应用

氟是人体必需的微量元素之一，饮用适宜的氟含量浓度为0．5-1．0mgJL，当长期饮用氟含量高于1mg／L的水，会引起氟斑牙，甚至氟骨病。在工业上，含氟矿石开采，金属冶炼，铝加工，玻璃，电子电镀，化肥，农药等行业排放的废水中常常含有高浓度的氟化物，若不降低氟的含量就排放出来，就会造成环境污染，使本地区地下水的含氟量增大，影响饮水质量。     

NID干法脱硫工艺后配套电除尘器的技术分析

结合工程实例，阐述了NID干法脱硫工艺后的电除尘器只要设计合理，不会出现电晕封闭，比是阻过高，结露和粉尘粘结等现象。     

利用除盐设备的再生废液防止灰管结垢

宝鸡发电厂于1982年7月在水处理室与灰浆池之间铺设了一条陶瓷管道,将化学除盐设备酸(HCl)、碱(NaOH)再生废液及冲洗水排入灰浆池,与灰水混合后,经冲灰管排往灰场。经过七年来的运行实践,证明采用这一技术措施可消除除盐设备再生废液对水体环境的酸碱污染。对防止冲灰管结垢,减少冲灰管维护费用等效果显著。现     

双掺粉煤灰再生骨料对混凝土强度影响研究

通过试验研究再生骨料混凝土中粉煤灰和再生骨料对混凝土强度的影响。采用粉煤灰替代部分水泥、再生骨料替代部分天然粗骨料的方法,通过正交试验测定混凝土立方体抗压强度的方法,来研究粉煤灰对再生骨料混凝土强度的影响。试验得出:当再生骨料掺量为20%~30%时,粉煤灰的最佳掺量为20%左右;当再生骨料掺量高于40%、粉煤灰掺量高于20%时,其混凝土拌合物搅拌时间不小于240 s,且当粉煤灰在20%~30%时,可获得较理想的混凝土抗压强度;当粉煤灰的掺入量分布在20%~30%、再生骨料的最佳掺量为50%时,可获得较理想的混凝土抗压强度。由此得出,合理的再生骨料、粉煤灰掺量对混凝土的抗压强度影响并不明显且有提高的趋势,对降低混凝土成本,提高建筑垃圾的再生利用,有一定的经济效益和社会效益。     

粉煤灰-粉煤灰合成沸石对Cs~+的固化

以电厂废弃物粉煤灰为原料、采用碱熔-水热法制备了粉煤灰合成A型沸石(以下简称沸石),再以沸石对溶液中的Cs+进行分离富集,最后在碱激发剂的作用下以粉煤灰和吸附后的沸石制得地聚合物固化体。对固化体的性能进行了评价,并探讨了固化机理。实验结果表明:在吸附温度25℃、初始Cs+质量浓度100 mg/L、固液比10.0 g/L的条件下,沸石对的Cs+的吸附率达98%,比粉煤灰提高了2倍以上;沸石掺量为20%~30%(w)时,固化体的抗压强度符合GB 14569.1—2011要求,固化体中Cs+的42 d浸出率和累计浸出分数均远优于GB 14569.1—2011限值,表现出优异的抗浸出性能。     

Diopside-based glass-ceramics from MSW fly ash and bottom ash

By utilising MSW fly ash from the Shanghai Yuqiao municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant as the main raw material, diopside-based glass-ceramics were successfully synthesized in the laboratory by combining SiO(2), MgO and Al(2)O(3) or bottom ash as conditioner of the chemical compositions and TiO(2) as the nucleation agent. The optimum procedure for the glass-ceramics is as follows: melting at 1500 degrees C for 30 min, nucleating at 730 degrees C for 90 min, and crystallization at 880 degrees C for 10h. It has been shown that the diopside-based glass-ceramics made from MSW fly ash have a strong fixing capacity for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) etc.     

浅谈粉煤灰的资源化利用现状

粉煤灰是电力行业排放的主要固体废弃物,对其的资源化利用已成为环保的首要任务。对粉煤灰进行高附加值的资源化回收利用,是实现可持续发展的必经之路。介绍了大唐国际成功开发研制的从高铝粉煤灰中提取氧化铝技术,开辟了粉煤灰综合利用的新途径。     

Removal techniques for heavy metals from fly ash

This study reviews different technologies for extraction of heavy metals from fly ash. With this perspective processes like bioleaching using microbes, carrier in pulp method, chemical extraction via acids, alkaline leachates and chelating agents, chloride evaporation process, electrodialytic and thermal treatments were studied thoroughly. A comprehensive comparison of all the techniques is also done by studying in detail their reaction conditions, metals leached and percentage extraction achieved. The study concluded that depending on the type of fly ash and metal under consideration determines the suitability of the process adopted for detoxification of fly ash. In addition to these, factors like cost, time and energy also define the final selection process.     

Large-scale utilization of desulfurization ash and fly ash for unfired production of high-strength road-base stones

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This paper utilizes desulfurization ash (DA), fly ash (FA) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) to prepare unfired high-strength road-base stones by...     

Comparative study on the characteristics of fly ash and bottom ash geopolymers

This research was conducted to compare geopolymers made from fly ash and ground bottom ash. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na(2)SiO(3)) solutions were used as activators. A mass ratio of 1.5 Na(2)SiO(3)/NaOH and three concentrations of NaOH (5, 10, and 15M) were used; the geopolymers were cured at 65 degrees C for 48 h. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used on the geopolymer pastes. Geopolymer mortars were also prepared in order to investigate compressive strength. The results show that both fly ash and bottom ash can be utilized as source materials for the production of geopolymers. The properties of the geopolymers are dependent on source materials and the NaOH concentration. Fly ash is more reactive and produces a higher degree of geopolymerization in comparison with bottom ash. The moderate NaOH concentration of 10 M is found to be suitable and gives fly ash and bottom ash geopolymer mortars with compressive strengths of 35 and 18 MPa.     

Enhancing performance and durability of slag made from incinerator bottom ash and fly ash

This work presents a method capable of melting the incinerator bottom ash and fly ash in a plasma furnace. The performance of slag and the strategies for recycling of bottom ash and fly ash are improved by adjusting chemical components of bottom ash and fly ash. Ashes are separated by a magnetic process to improve the performance of slag. Analytical results indicate that the air-cooled slag (ACS) and magnetic-separated slag (MSS) have hardness levels below 590 MPa, indicating fragility. Additionally, the hardness of crystallized slag (RTS) is between 655 and 686 MPa, indicating toughness. The leached concentrations of heavy metals for these three slags are all below the regulatory limits. ACS appears to have better chemical stability than MSS, and is not significantly different from RTS. In the potential alkali-silica reactivity of slag, MSS falls on the border between the harmless zone and the potentially harmful zone. ACS and RTS fall in the harmless zone. Hence, the magnetic separation procedure of ashes does not significantly improve the quality of slag. However, RTS appears to improve its quality.     

Remediation of fly ash landfills through plantation

In India, a significant area of land is occupied by preexisting coal‐fired thermal power plants (TPPs) for the storage of fly ash slurry in ash ponds. However, the area available for storage of fly ash at these TPPs is limited. In addition, this type of fly ash disposal poses a problem due to restricted land availability and potential contamination issues. A viable alternative is the reclamation of fly ash ponds by plantation. A study at the Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station (RSTPS) in Andhra Pradesh, India, on reclamation of a portion of an ash‐filled, low‐lying area has been performed. This article describes the characteristics of the RSTPS pond ash, ash leachates, and improvements in the fertility status of the reclaimed area over a three‐year period. Furthermore, morphometric observations of different planted species indicate that these types of ash‐filled, low‐lying areas can be suitably reclaimed and the nutrient‐rich leachate from ash‐filled areas potentially can be used for irrigation purposes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

就粉煤灰处理废水的研究与应用现状进行了综述.粉煤灰主要通过其吸附作用(物理吸附和化学吸附)处理废水,对于城市污水、工业废水、含重金属离子、F-、PO3-4废水等均有较好的处理效果.对粉煤灰进行物理或化学改性研制高效复合粉煤灰混凝剂是提高粉煤灰利用价值的有效途径之一.同时,提高粉煤灰吸附容量以及妥善处理吸附饱和灰是当前急需解决的问题.