柴油发电机尾气烟尘净化器

本文介绍了柴油发电机尾气烟尘净化器的工作原理、结构和工艺、安装和再生以及在使用过程中应注意的柴油机背压、确定转化温度、增加加热装置等问题。最后谈了目前柴油发电机尾气烟尘净化器存在的缺陷和技术发展趋势。     

低温有冰条件下吸油绳收油效率试验研究＊

总结国外试验经验的基础上,用亲油性绳式收油机中的吸油绳对-35#柴油和原油模拟在有冰的水域进行测试,试验表明了吸油绳不同长度与油和冰相对位置对收油效率的影响。该试验结果对寻求如何在冰区回收溢油有积极作用,也是溢油应急清理时选择技术方法的科学指导。     

加拿大开发淤泥合成燃料

加拿大政府进行了一项将淤泥转化为一种经济燃料的试验,以证明淤泥可以成为一种廉价燃料来源,弥补合成燃料的短缺。试验表明,每吨淤泥可生产两桶与柴油相似的油和500kg类似炭的烧成炭。这种合成油的发热值是一般低质煤的80％. 这一技术的转化方法是:首先用机械方法使淤泥脱水,除去35％的泥沙,再加热干燥成为95％的固体泥坯,然后经专门的锻烧炉处理,在450℃的     

尾气循环技术在国内顺酐装置的应用

顺酐生产过程排放的废气中含有大量未反应原料、副产物CO和挥发性有机物(VOC)等,对其进行处理使之达标排放,回收其中可利用的物质或能量有重要意义。吐哈石化厂顺酐装置采用CONSER公司工艺技术,新增部分尾气回收生产工艺路线,回收40%的尾气中的正丁烷,实现了蒸汽分阶利用,排放的废气中SO2、NOx、颗粒物等达到GB16297-1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中二级标准。     

五万元建一座年产100t的绿色炼油厂

一项投资少 ,设备、技术先进 ,生产工艺简单超前 ,经济效益好 ,产品有市场而无风险 ,利国利民的绿色 (免税 )项目———废旧塑料生产汽油 (70 # ～ 93# )、柴油 (0 # ～ 30 # )已达到工业化生产。主要原料为废旧编织袋、包装袋、农膜、地膜、泡沫、食品袋等生活废旧塑料。以每     

柴油车颗粒物遥感检测法与自由加速法的相关性对比分析

遥感检测法相比于传统柴油货车排气污染物检测方法有着检测速度快、检测效率高等优点。为了研究其结果的准确性和相关性,在德阳、绵阳、巴中三市随机选择多个对比试验地点,对17种型号共78辆柴油车用遥感检测法和自由加速法分别进行了尾气检测。结果发现:增压柴油汽车自由加速法、遥感法颗粒污染物数据相关性为强相关;自然吸气柴油汽车自由加速法、遥感法颗粒污染物数据相关性为弱相关;在机动车比功率VSP (Vehicle Specific Power)不同分区下,通过遥感检测法和自由加速法测得柴油车排放颗粒物结果有强相关性。可以预测遥感检测法能作为有效的手段去代替传统柴油货车污染物检测方法,在四川省机动车排气检测工作中起到主要作用。     

小型废塑料炼化设备研制成功

一种专吃废旧塑料的小型设备和系列产品生产技术由河南省沈丘县科协高新技术研究所开发成功。该设备不但可以生产出低廉的汽油和柴油 ,而且还能生产出多功能树脂胶、屋面防漏剂、防锈油漆、防火装饰板、屋面防水隔热板等系列产品。采用废旧的塑料包装盒、塑料袋 (桶 )、农膜、编织袋、泡沫塑料等可以生产出 90 # 无铅汽油和 - 10 # 柴油。汽柴油成本只有 12 0 0元 /ｔ。经各种车辆长期使用 ,该油爆发力好 ,耐燃烧 ,对发动机无任何负作用。经河南省质量监督部门检测鉴定 ,汽油达到ＧＢ484- 93国家标准 ,柴油达到ＧＢ2 5 2 -94国家标准。该设…     

活性大豆粉的脱腥新工艺

活性大豆粉的脱腥新工艺包括:将活性大豆粉用50℃～60℃温水调成浓度为15%～20%的豆浆,均质超微细化,使细度达10μｍ以下;用蒸汽加热至85℃～90℃,保温10ｍｉｎ～20ｍｉｎ后进行杀菌、灭酶,;最后喷雾干燥即得产品。采用本脱腥工艺,解决了既要脲酶纯化又要保持蛋白质ＮＳＩ...     

石油降解菌的降解特性研究

以0#柴油为唯一碳源,对石油降解菌DSP菌的生长、疏水性、产表面活性剂、脱氢酶活性及降解能力进行研究。结果表明:DSP菌在生长过程中可产生糖脂类生物表面活性剂,对石油烃的降解有很好的促进作用,其脱氢酶活性与降解率有较好的相关性。当土壤中柴油含量为10%时,利用DSP菌经过40d的处理(30℃,pH值为6),油含量下降到1.82%,降解率最高可达65.4%。     

三甘醇脱水装置尾气回收治理技术研究

天然气开采过程使用三甘醇脱水装置吸收脱出天然气中的水分,其精馏柱尾气含有挥发性有机物（VOCs）,目前主要采用分离吸附技术、焚烧炉焚烧和引射增压回收技术进行尾气处理。文章分析各类尾气处理技术的工艺流程、应用实例,对比了各类技术的优缺点、污染物排放和资源利用情况,推荐通过尾气治理实现VOCs减排和资源回收利用的水引射增压回收技术。     

浅析油气田回注污水余热的利用——以辽河油田公司沈阳采油厂为例

辽河油田公司沈阳采油厂的原油伴生水,平均温度47℃,若不加以利用地将温水直接回注到地层,将会造成热能浪费。如果通过余热利用,则节约能源。文章通过现状调查、经济、技术、政策可行性分析认为:沈阳采油厂污水余热的可挖潜力很大,回用污水余热在技术与政策方面均有较大的可行性且具有可观的经济效益。     

稠油污水深度处理与回用技术探讨

文章介绍了新疆油田在稠油污水处理和回用方面的关键技术和成熟经验,采用强酸性树脂软化技术和化学清洗技术实现了稠油污水回用注汽锅炉。六九区污水处理站采用高效水质稳定技术,使处理后的污水达到了GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准,稠油污水在处理后符合GB 1576—2008《工业锅炉水质》的要求,大幅度降低了注汽锅炉的运行成本;将60℃以上的稠油污水替代清水回注稀油油藏,热水驱油,改善了驱油效果,同时根据污水温度较高的特点,对注水井井口的保温工艺进行改进,实现了稠油污水热能的综合利用,为油田污水治理和回用提供了借鉴。     

CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统在油气储罐上的应用研究

塔里木油田主力油区年平均气温高且昼夜温差大,普通油气储罐的油气蒸发损耗大,同时由于油气蒸发导致储罐附近油气浓度大,存在一定安全隐患,对储罐周围的环境也造成一定污染。CC-100复合型绝热涂层系统具有高反射率、高辐射率、低导热系数、低蓄热系数的特点,通过在塔里木油田的应用,有效降低了油气储罐表面温度和油气损耗。文章对该绝热涂层系统在塔里木油田的应用情况及取得的效果进行了论述。     

Performance of a diesel engine with water emulsified diesel prepared with optimized process parameters

An attempt has been made to produce stable water–diesel emulsion with optimal formulation and process parameters and to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using this stable water–diesel emulsion. A total of 54 samples were prepared with varying water/diesel ratio, surfactant amount and stirring speed and water separation was recorded after 24 and 48 hr of emulsification. The recorded data were used in artificial neural network (ANN)-particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique to find the optimal parameters to produce water–diesel emulsion for engine testing. The predicted optimal parameters were found as 20% water to diesel ratio, 0.9% surfactant and 2200 rpm of stirrer for a water separation of 14.33% in one day with a variation of 6.54% against the actual value of water separation. Water–diesel emulsion fuel exhibited similar fuel properties as base fuel. The peak cylinder gas pressure, peak pressure rise rate and peak heat release rate for water–diesel were found higher as compared to diesel at medium to full engine loads. The improved air-fuel mixing in water–diesel emulsion enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of engine. The absorption of heat by water droplets present in water–diesel emulsion led to reduced exhaust gas temperature (EGT). With water–diesel emulsion fuel, the mean carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon and oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) emissions reduced by 8.80, 39.60, and 26.11%, respectively as compared to diesel.     

Avian Mortality at Oil Pits in the United States: A Review of the Problem and Efforts for Its Solution

Oil production operations produce waste fluids that may be stored in pits, open tanks, and other sites accessible to wildlife. Birds visit these fluid-filled pits and tanks (“oil pits”), which often resemble water sources, and may become trapped and die. The US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has a program to reduce these impacts by locating problem pits, documenting mortality of protected wildlife species, and seeking cleanup or corrective action at problem pits with the help of state and federal agencies regulating the oil industry. Species identification and verification of protected status for birds recovered from oil pits are performed at the USFWS National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory. From 1992 to 2005, a minimum of 2060 individual birds were identified from remains recovered from oil pits, representing 172 species from 44 families. The taxonomic and ecological diversity of these birds indicates that oil pits pose a threat to virtually all species of birds that encounter them. Ninety-two percent of identified bird remains belonged to protected species. Most remains identified at the Forensics Laboratory were from passerines, particularly ground-foraging species. Based on Forensics Laboratory and USFWS field data, oil pits currently cause the deaths of 500,000–1 million birds per year. Although law enforcement and industry efforts have produced genuine progress on this issue, oil pits remain a significant source of mortality for birds in the United States.     

热水介质＋脱附破乳组剂处理高凝固点油泥的条件研究

通过热水介质添加脱附破乳组剂的方法,研究了辽河油田公司沈阳采油厂油泥分离的相关条件。通过油泥的组分分析、热水介质温度实验、处理时间实验、脱附破乳组剂浓度实验,确定了热水介质添加脱附破乳组剂实现油泥分离的条件:脱附破乳组剂浓度为15.0 g/L、洗涤温度50℃、洗涤时间大于5 min。     

Performance analysis of different orc power plant configurations using solar and geothermal heat sources

ABSTRACT

Energy optimization is performed on hybrid solar-geothermal power plant working according to Organic Rankine Cycle and installed in southern Tunisia. The performances of four different configurations of the power plant are studied. Mass and energy balances are established for the different compounds. The effects of the main operating parameters such as the geothermal water temperature, ambient temperature and direct normal irradiation on the power plant performances are analyzed. A code is established using Engineering Equation Solver software (EES) to perform the required calculations. Obtained results show that the hybrid solar-geothermal power plant with a heat recovery system is the most suitable configuration design giving a better overall energy efficiency of 15.77 and13.11% and a maximum net power of 1089 and 1882 kW in winter and summer, respectively. However, in the summer season, using a heat recovery system can valuable only when the water temperature is higher than 66°C. For air-cooled condenser, the suitable condensing pressure is 1 bar in winter and 1.9 bars in summer.