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中国能源安全问题探讨及对策研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
何琼 《中国安全科学学报》2009,19(6)
剖析能源安全概念和内涵,分析中国能源安全的严峻形势,指出供给不足、能源结构以煤为主、石油过度依赖进口、能源消费导致的环境污染等问题。针对中国目前的能源安全问题,笔者提出应对措施,具体有4方面对策:提高能源效率、改变我国能源结构;能源进口多元化;建立蛛网式能源供应战略通道,实施石油储备战略;促进环境保护和环境改进。认为只有将能源供应、经济竞争力和环境质量作为国家能源安全的3个基本要素,才可能实现中国的能源安全和可持续发展。 相似文献
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脆弱性评价有助于甄别城市供水管网的薄弱环节,确定合理的风险削减措施,保证供水安全。阐述脆弱性的有关定义及其与风险的联系与区别,回顾城市供水管网脆弱性评价的发展历程,介绍几种脆弱性评价方法的基本原理、优缺点及适用范围,并按不同评价思路对国内外使用的主要脆弱性评价方法进行分类总结。研究发现,目前尚未形成统一的脆弱性概念及切实可行的评价方法,今后应不断完善和整合各类方法,以定量和通用为核心,使城市供水管网脆弱性评价方法更为实用、有效。 相似文献
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Human activities have impacted the environment since the first toolmakers learned to make fire. As the human population has grown and changed, so has our impact on the environment. Currently the world's population is estimated at 6–7 billion, and that number of people, along with the billions of domesticated animals, and their activities, are large enough to have major global and regional impacts. Climate change, declining fish populations in the oceans, and ever decreasing ranges for “wild” ecosystems are the most obvious impacts. Other impacts may be surprising to many people, especially those impacts that are regional and not raised to the level of international concern.This paper will take a very high level look at a number of global, regional and local human interactions with the environment, and how mitigating those impacts requires a very broad and multi-disciplinary response. Examples will focus on water, carbon and energy, all of which are needed for life, as we know it, to exist. Stewardship will be shown to involve determination and monitoring of many key indicators and environmental processes, followed by the tough decisions on how to steward those processes to maintain a healthy environment for all the planet's inhabitants. Stewardship is not easy, and there are few cases where solutions can be neatly divided into good or bad, positive or negative. 相似文献
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人工神经网络方法在拟建小区域环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工神经网络的评价方法用于小区域环境质量评价中,根据本地区特点因地制宜地选择环境质量参数,代入模型中进行环境质量评价及预测,对用于环境质量评价的BP人工神经网络模型进行了改进,即对网络模型的训练样本进行了扩充,从而提高了模型的抗干扰能力和准确性.将改进了的BP人工神经网络模型应用于四川省资阳市沱江二桥拟建项目小区域的大气、地表水环境质量评价中, 对该市小区域大气、地表水环境质量状况进行评价,评价结果表明,BP人工神经网络模型用于环境质量评价是可行的,且评价结论客观,评价模型普遍适用. 相似文献
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Hirokazu Sugiyama Ulrich Fischer Elena Antonijuan Volker H. Hoffmann Masahiko Hirao Konrad Hungerbühler 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(6):361-370
We present an investigation on how economic and environmental assessment results change when different process options or evaluation settings are considered. As the main case study the production technology of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is investigated. Six commercial processes using different reaction routes are modelled and evaluated with respect to their economic and environmental performance. On these six base case models different process options and evaluation settings are considered and the resulting impacts on the assessment results are quantified. Major findings of the study are that the more decision-variables become fixed, the smaller becomes the impact of the decisions still to be taken—but not only with respect to the economic performance but also with regard to the environmental assessment result. Along the process development steps the potential impacts on the economic and environmental performance decrease to the same degree. The results obtained for the evaluation settings do not show such a systematic pattern as those for the process options. This finding indicates that decision makers face many options in the economic and especially the environmental assessment of chemical processes which might lead to quite different magnitudes in variability due to either the choice of method or the choice of method parameters. This paper demonstrates that the resulting variability might be crucial with respect to the decision making outcome. 相似文献
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资源开发和环境保护需要平衡对待,为了谋求社会的发展,资源的开发和利用必不可少,然而资源的开发必然牵扯到与资源相关的环境变化。随着我国环境保护事业的逐步推进,资源开发利用对环境的影响越来越受到重视,环境影响评价成为资源开发利用前的必要环节。地下水环境不仅是水资源环境的一部分,还是生态系统的一部分,与社会生产、生活的多个方面都有牵连,而矿产资源、水资源、石油天然气资源的开发利用都或多或少会影响到地下水环境。本文从地下水环境影响评价入手,分析地下水环境影响评价的内容,探讨地下水环境影响评价中的关键问题。 相似文献
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Kwang-beom Hur Sang-kyu Rhim Jung-keuk Park 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(6):1003-1009
As the increase of energy demand, the emission of CO2 is also likely to increase by at least the same amount because energy supply will be based on fossil fuels, which is more apparent in a number of developing countries. With the total global energy environment and rapid increase of domestic and foreign demand, renewable energy is the inevitable energy source for the future. In this context, the micro gas turbines (MGTs) by using bio-energy is being considered as a promising solution. In order to develop the real plant system of those technologies such as 60 kW-class micro gas turbine by using swine biogas, we finished the optimal design and construction for a biomass fueled MGT system. This paper consists of 1) MGT system design for swine bio gas 2) material evaluation for bio gas piping 3) computational fluid dynamics analysis for bio gas sulfur removal tower and sulfur absorption filter 4) the fundamental modeling using manufacturer's technical specifications and performance simulation by PEPSE-GT 5) field test and application of bio gas micro gas turbine. Finally, I established to set up the top-notched distributed power system design and optimal application. 相似文献
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在水质监测中,氨氮的监测是十分重要且常见的项目之一。氨氮是释放游离氨的主要源头,而游离氨的含量上升是导致水体富营养的元凶之一,因此,监测水体中氨氮的含量是水环境监测工作的主要内容之一。随着环保意识的增强,我国开始越来越重视对自然环境的监测工作,也逐渐认识到氨氮在水体中导致的危害,开始积极开发和应用分析技术,用于监测水体中氨氮的含量及其变化趋势,为后续的资源保护、污染质量工作奠定基础。本文从常见的现代分析技术入手,分析并探讨现代分析技术在水质氨氮监测中的具体应用方式,希望可以为提升我国水质监测工作质量提供一些思路。 相似文献
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PSO-RBF耦合神经网络在水质评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
径向基函数神经网络(RBF)中,连接输出单元的权重是影响径向基函数神经网络学习精度的主要参数,采用粒子群算法(PSO)对模型参数(权值)进行优化,建立了PSO-RBF耦合神经网络模型,避免权重的人为设定,具有客观性。并在Matlab环境下编程计算,构建了用于地下水环境质量评价和海水富营养化评价的径向基函数网络评价模型。将模型应用于黑龙洞泉域5个地下水监测点和某海水富营养化评价。评价结果和其他方法的评价结果一致,与实际情况符合,评级结果是合理的。评价结果表明,RBF网络简便有效,收敛速度快,有较强的分辨能力,优化确定模型参数后,便可对评价样本进行评价,具有较好的实用性和通用性。 相似文献
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水资源是国家的重要保护资源,环境污染问题的加剧,给水资源环境造成了巨大的威胁,水监测工作的开展,是实施环境保护的一个重要措施,这就必须要正确应用有机污染物检测技术。就影响水监测水平的要素进行阐述,明确有机污染物的检测技术应用,进一步探究提高水质监测质量的有效方法,旨在切实改善水监测工作成效。 相似文献
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《Safety Science》2007,45(9):905-919
After mapping of current European Union regulations on the management of accident risks related to natural hazards and different industrial activities, this paper discusses insights from past and current European Commission initiatives on harmonisation of assessment and management of safety risks. The problem of safety comparison and risk/benefit communication is of critical importance for sustainable decision making. For the specific case of the energy sector, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (DG JRC) and DG TREN (Directorate General for Transport and Energy) have recently started two connected initiatives, called energy risks monitor (ERMON) and safety and security of energy infrastructures in a comparative view (SEIF-CV). While ERMON deals with the development of a methodology and corresponding web-based information system to cross-compare in a consistent way safety, risk and reliability performances of different energy systems (fossil, nuclear, renewables) across their specific fuel cycle chains, SEIF-CV creates a corresponding network of stakeholders in the energy sector as well as the necessary review and user panels for ERMON. Objectives and status of ERMON and SEIF-CV are described. 相似文献
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2003年以来,湖南省电力供需矛盾十分突出,为此,笔者分析了近年来湖南省缺电的原因:电力工业与国民经济发展速度比例失调;电源结构不合理——水电占大头却受降雨影响很大,部分地区干旱导致水力发电减少,火力发电煤炭供应不足;行业管理体系和项目审批体制造成了电力需求与电力建设难以匹配;电网结构不合理,电被堵在路上,难以从外省借电等。指出解决湖南省缺电现状应该合理规划、适度地扩大本省电能生产,合理调配煤炭,保障电能生产的能源供应,扩大省外电能的输入或与周边地区协力开发能源,加强电网规划和电网建设,开发利用新能源,同时应推行节约用电措施,确保电力的安全稳定供应和可持续发展。 相似文献
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基于模糊综合方法的工业污水环境安全影响评价研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
田云丽 《中国安全科学学报》2007,17(9):109-113
在综合分析水环境影响因素的基础上,应用模糊综合评价方法对工业污水环境安全影响进行了研究。首先构建工业污水污染程度模糊综合评价的数学模型,然后利用综合评价方法对污水中重金属污染程度进行有效评价。研究结果表明:模糊综合评价方法可以全面考虑企业排放废水中影响环境安全的各种因素,充分体现评价因素和评价过程所固有的模糊性,适用于复杂参数水环境的不确定分析与评价,可以有效地评价水的质量;将模糊评价方法引入工业污水对环境安全影响的评价体系,是污水处理评价发展的一个新方向和新领域,它是污水处理评价方法的补充和完善,在该领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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随着国民经济的持续发展,建设项目开发过程中可能造成土壤本身或与之相关的环境要素之间在物质、能量转移循环过程中受到不同程度的影响。以《环境影响评价技术导则土壤环境》(HJ 964-2018)为依据,对污染型土壤环境进行环境影响评价,为建设项目土壤环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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针对珠三角地区水环境承载力问题进行研究,从区域水环境承载力所涉及的水资源系统、供水用水系统、水环境污染系统、社会和经济系统、各产业用水指标等多个领域中选取多个指标,构建区域水环境承载力的评价指标体系,利用基于粗糙集理论的属性约简法对指标进行约简,得到较为精简的指标体系;利用Topsis评价法对区域水环境承载力进行了评价,分析了珠三角地区八个城市的水环境承载力,为区域水环境的管理和水污染的控制提供理论基础。 相似文献