《化工厂危险程度分级》在大化肥厂的应用

评述１９９０ 年以后以天然气为原料的川化集团公司大化肥厂,利用化工部青岛劳保所开发的《化工厂危险程度分级》方法开展安全评价,并对评价出的潜在危险采取了安全措施,从而有效地提高了工厂的安全可靠性。在运用该评价方法时,一是将《分级》中安全管理等级的评定部分增加了评定内容,使之更符合工厂客观实际;二是将固有危险等级评价的手工处理和计算部分编制成计算机软件,提高了评价工效     

基于物元可拓模型的尾矿库溃坝风险评价研究

为准确的评价尾矿库溃坝风险等级,建立了物元可拓评价模型:首先确定风险评价指标体系与评价标准,通过隶属函数对评价标准进行隶属化,解决其因特征值超出节域范围导致关联函数失效问题与因量纲不一致而造成的不可公度性问题;然后确定其经典域、节域与待评物元,为评价尾矿库溃坝风险等级提供前提条件;再通过计算简单关联函数值与初等关联函数值,确定各评价指标的权重与各等级的可拓关联度;最后依据最大关联原则,确定风险等级,并计算等级变量特征值以更准确的评价其等级。工程实例应用表明,该方法应用于尾矿库溃坝风险评价准确、符合实际情况。     

基于可变模糊集理论的硫化矿炸药自爆危险性评价

为了判定某高硫矿山的炸药自爆危险性,采用可变模糊集理论对矿山中的黄铁矿含量、装药时间等8个影响炸药自爆的因素进行评价。根据可变模糊评价模型确定指标评价区间矩阵Iab、可变范围评价区间Icd和点值矩阵M,利用熵权法确定各影响因素权重,并根据指标特征值xij,Mih得到综合相对隶属度矩阵,结合判断准则得出该矿山炸药自爆危险性等级。研究结果表明:该矿山的炸药自爆危险等级为Ⅱ级,自爆危险性一般,与实际生产情况相符,可变模糊集理论在评价炸药自爆危险性时具有有效性。     

An evaluation of risk assessment framework for industrial accidents in India

Due to rapid industrialization, with high population density and constraints of land, it is expected that level of risks arising from the hazardous industries will increase in India in the coming decades. However, 30 years after the Bhopal accident (1984), except a few discrete regulations, there is as yet no integrated system for assessing and managing risks arising out of these hazardous industries in India. The gravity of aspects related to the management of industrial risk still remains crucially important. In particular, there is no standard guideline on risk analysis methodology, acceptability or tolerability criteria, nor is there an accident database or a risk reduction strategy for the areas where risk levels are already high. On top of this, there are technical and legislative gaps in the institutional framework to implement any of the above mentioned issues. With the backdrop of the Bhopal gas tragedy, the objective of this paper is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive risk assessment framework for the emerging economy of India, in order to control and/or to reduce the risk level that exists. In this context, regulations and policies pertaining to industrial risk assessment were reviewed.