Design of robust water exchange networks for eco-industrial symbiosis

The field of industrial ecology promotes the establishment of resource exchange networks in eco-industrial parks (EIPs) as an approach toward resource conservation. Previous studies have shown that full blown resource integration can be encouraged through the exchange of common utilities such as energy and water. Different approaches such as mathematical programming, pinch analysis and game theory have been used to identify the optimal network designs, which can simultaneously reduce the utilization of freshwater resources and the generation of wastewater streams. Since water exchange in an EIP involves multiple independently operating plants, information exchange between the participants is not completely transparent and multiple future scenarios are expected to happen as the fate and plans of other participants are not completely divulged. These future scenarios may bring about changes in the capacity or characteristic of industrial processes and may also involve the entry of additional companies and the closure of previously operating ones. Such aspects have not been fully addressed in previous studies. A robust optimization model is thus developed in this work to determine the optimal network design which can effectively operate in anticipation of multiple probable scenarios. Case studies are solved to demonstrate the capability of the model.     

Water Network Synthesis Using Mutation-Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization

Different techniques for the synthesis of industrial water reuse/recycle networks have been developed in recent process integration research. These tools range from graphical pinch analysis approaches to mathematical programming models. The latter have the advantage of being flexible enough to incorporate various water network constraints, but in many cases these are often non-linear, thus making the identification of global optima difficult. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), for finding good solutions these problems. This work describes the use of a modified PSO for solving mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models for water network synthesis. By incorporating a mutation operator for the binary variables in the model, the algorithm is able to escape sub-optimal network topologies and proceed towards better solutions than can be found with ordinary PSO. Two case studies involving water recycle/reuse are used to demonstrate the new design methodology.     

Retrofit of Water Network with Regeneration Using Water Pinch Analysis

This paper presents the development of a new systematic technique for the retrofit of water network with regeneration based on water pinch analysis. The procedure consists of two parts: retrofit targeting and design for a water network with regeneration unit(s). In the targeting stage, retrofit targets (utility savings and capital investment) were determined for a range of process parameters (total flowrate and/or outlet concentration of the regeneration unit) to obtain a savings versus investment curve. Next, the existing water network was re-designed to meet the chosen targets. A case study on paper making process was used to demonstrate the new methodology.     

挥发酚和总氰化物在三种水质中测定方法的比对

本文采用连续流动注射法[1]和紫外分光光度法[2-3],分别对地表水、生活污水、工业废水三种水质中的挥发酚和总氰化物进行测定。实验结果表明:两种分析方法测定三种水质中的挥发酚和总氰化物结果基本一致,检出限、精密度、准确度、加标回收率均符合质量控制要求。连续流动注射法的自动化程度更高,操作更简便,可适用于多种水质挥发酚和总氰化物的分析。     

矿山企业安全管理决策支持系统的智能化

矿山安全工程技术人员需要开发使数学模型和安全信息便于操作的软件环境，并与人工智能技术集成一体。本文所介绍的矿山企业安全管理智能化决策支持系统ＳＭＤＳＳ，是专家系统与决策支持系统两者的集成。ＳＭＤＳＳ可用于企业安全评价、事故统计分析与查询、事故动态预测与预报、ＦＴＡ的计算、安全措施计划的编制、安全投资的最优分配。     

含氟酸性废水的治理与利用

采用被各大稀土厂堆积待用的中重稀土做沉淀剂，有效地降低了废水中的F－，生产出了合格的稀土氟化物，使处理后的水质达到了工业用水标准，这样既节约了短缺的水资源，又保持了工厂周围地区及流域下游地区的生活环境。     

A comparative assessment of the impact of different occupations on workers' static musculoskeletal fitness.

An ergonomic assessment of the involvement of static muscular forces like back strength, grip strength and pinch strength in different occupations was made. A study was conducted on 45 normal adult males (15 subjects per group) which included video display terminal (VDT) operators, industrial workers and safety inspectors. Their maximum back strength, handgrip strength and pinch strength were measured with dynamometers. The observed values of back strength were significantly lower in VDT operators while significantly higher in safety inspectors and moderate in industrial workers. The values of grip strength and pinch strength of all sample groups were more or less similar. The findings clearly indicate that static muscular strength varies significantly in different occupations. Heavy static muscular load might lead to an accumulation of metabolic waste and toxins on the back resulting in lower back strength in VDT operators and industrial workers.     

纳米储氢材料贮存使用安全评估方法研究

储氢材料贮存使用的安全可靠性是安全工程和可靠性领域中的特殊问题 ,纳米储氢材料的使用 ,其安全性和贮存可靠性同时占有重要地位。笔者依据纳米储氢材料使用和在正常贮存状态下的失效特点 ,应用Poisson过程理论建立纳米储氢材料使用和贮存安全性评估数学模型和统计分析方法 ,给出了在一定置信度下纳米储氢材料贮存寿命与可靠度之间的关系表达式。为纳米储氢材料和新型能源材料研究和使用等提供了理论基础和应用控制的方法。     

A mathematical approach for retrofit and optimization of total site steam distribution networks

This paper presents a generic mathematical model for retrofitting the steam power plants in an industrial site. The industrial sector under review consists of one steel mill, one oil refinery, and several petrochemical plants, where only small-scale steam integration has been implemented before this study. The relevant unit models in a typical steam power plant are established, and the steam plant retrofit problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). Feasible retrofit alternatives suggested by experienced field engineers are investigated in sequence to examine the revenue of those possible modifications. The first scenario examines operational optimization of existent plants; the second option allows installation of one new turbine and replacement of several boilers and turbines with lower efficiency; the third scenario considers using a steam ejector to upgrade the disqualified import steam in the oil refinery. The significant merits from these three retrofit alternatives show that the proposed MINLP formulation has been a great help to enhance the inter-plant steam integration in an industrial sector.     

基于多代理系统(MAS)的煤矿水害事故响应系统

针对煤矿水灾害问题,提出水灾害响应的概念,并以此为基础建立以水灾害预防与治理为主的煤矿水害事故响应系统。该系统将煤矿突水预防和应急响应作为系统的需求,通过Agent组织煤矿及救援单位的有效资源,并以多代理系统(MAS,Multi-AgentSystem)为基础设计了煤矿水灾害响应的协商机制。不仅能及时地响应煤矿的常效排水需求,而且能在水灾害发生后快速制定应急救援方案,克服了原有煤矿水灾害救治流程中响应速度慢、缺乏目的性,救援资源难以有效调配的缺点,为煤矿水灾害的预防、应急救援、灾后处理提供了综合信息平台。应用案例表明,该系统对于提升煤矿水灾害救治的应急能力具有显著效果,并可有效地降低水灾害的人员和财产损失。     

基于系统动力学模型的大连市水资源承载力研究

基于大连市水资源现状,采用系统动力学方法建立大连市水资源承载力系统动力学模型.将水资源承载力系统划分为人口、工业、农业、水污染处理及回用、城市环境及水资源6个子系统,在现状延续型、节水型、经济发展型和协调发展型4种方案下模拟了2001-2020年大连市水资源承载力的动态变化.结果表明,方案1～3均难以满足大连市未来社会经济发展需求,而方案4是提高大连市水资源承载力的可行方案,该方案下模拟的2020年大连市可承载的工业总产值和城镇人口分别达9527亿元和453 8万人.     

吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网模拟仿真

通过对吸气式感烟火灾探测系统采样管网进行流体力学分析,建立了采样管网系统力学数学模型,采用了面向对象的编程技术,编制了工程管网设计模拟仿真软件,实现各采样点的探测灵敏度及探测响应时间的计算和对采样孔径的优化调整,在实际应用中取得良好效果。     

综采面高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术研究

综采工作面的粉尘防治一直是煤矿安全工作的重点和难题之一。结合双鸭山矿区新安矿综采工作面的实际状况,采用现场煤层高压注水实验方法,研究了高压注水条件下煤体增湿的规律;运用注水实验数据进行反演数值试验,优化煤层高压注水数学模型内部参数,利用注水数值模拟试验确定了综采工作面煤层高压注水减尘技术的最优参数;运用了高压喷雾降尘效率模型数值模拟方法,分析确定了综采工作面采煤机外置高压喷雾降尘的最优参数,研发了孔径为1.2 mm的7孔高压集成喷嘴。新安二矿、三矿煤层高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术应用效果表明:通过二级联合防尘措施,工作面全尘去除率高达96%,呼吸性粉尘去除率高达94%。     

综采面高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术研究

综采工作面的粉尘防治一直是煤矿安全工作的重点和难题之一。结合双鸭山矿区新安矿综采工作面的实际状况,采用现场煤层高压注水实验方法,研究了高压注水条件下煤体增湿的规律;运用注水实验数据进行反演数值试验,优化煤层高压注水数学模型内部参数,利用注水数值模拟试验确定了综采工作面煤层高压注水减尘技术的最优参数;运用了高压喷雾降尘效率模型数值模拟方法,分析确定了综采工作面采煤机外置高压喷雾降尘的最优参数,研发了孔径为1.2 mm的7孔高压集成喷嘴。新安二矿、三矿煤层高压注水联合高压喷雾二级防尘技术应用效果表明:通过二级联合防尘措施,工作面全尘去除率高达96%,呼吸性粉尘去除率高达94%。     

基于数据挖掘的施工危险识别注意投入与分配研究*

为分析施工情境中危险识别注意资源动态投入分配规律,基于动态时间规整算法,挖掘危险识别注视轨迹序列,以表征注意资源投入分配变化,并采用k-means聚类、注视熵、Needleman-Wunsch全局序列对齐算法和统计等方法,深入挖掘注意资源在危险目标中投入和分配等时空变化规律。研究结果表明:当事人危险识别各阶段注意资源呈现从显著目标到高危目标的投入变化趋势,危险识别注意资源分配随情境复杂因素呈现零散、均匀的空间特征,分配无序程度提高。     

含硫气井应急管理模式初探

含硫气井井喷事故对公众安全具有重大危害,加强含硫气井应急管理,对坚持以人为本,保护人民群众生命健康安全具有重要意义。针对含硫气井重大事故风险特点,提出了以保障公众安全为主旨,以风险分级防控为方法,以企地联合应急为机制,以专业应急救援为保障的含硫气井应急管理模式,结合风险管理理论,分析提出了风险管理、协同应急机制、应急资源保障等方面的具体对策措施。     

水资源污染与水安全问题探讨

随着工农业生产的发展和人们生活水平的提高 ,用水量急增 ,与此同时 ,绝大多数未经处理的巨量的工业废水和城市污水便排入水体 ,造成对有限水资源的严重污染。为此 ,笔者重点分析我国目前水资源状况 ;讨论了水资源合理利用的重要性 ;提出了强化水处理工艺及保护水资源的措施 ;指出了提高水的安全性的关键所在。     

地震灾害下城市供水网络韧性评估及优化研究

为提升城市供水网络应对地震灾害的能力,基于性能响应函数(PRF)方法,引入基础设施网络均衡理论,设计综合考虑城市供水网络物理状态和输送能力的性能时程响应函数,构建贯穿结构和功能双维度的地震灾害下城市供水网络韧性评估方法;从灾害概率、灾害后果、恢复速度、恢复程度等4个关键因素出发,提出城市供水网络网状扩张、管道延性改造、增加恢复资源和提升恢复储备等韧性优化策略;以我国华东某市供水网络为例,定量评估不同优化策略下的韧性提升效果,提出不同决策场景下恢复资源r和恢复储备b的优化配置方法。结果表明:管网延性改造是提升供水网络韧性的有效措施,网状扩张能提升供水网络性能,但对韧性提升无明显作用,网状扩张后要注意增加网络恢复资源和恢复储备。     

Modelling and simulation of an existing MSWI flue gas two-stage dry treatment

Power generation from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is in widespread use as a technology for solid waste treatment and energy recovery. One of the main environmental issues posed by MSWI plants is the continuous emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. Among flue gas components, acid gases are of particular concern due to their high potential impact on the environment. The two-stage dry treatment is among the Best Available Technologies for an enhanced removal efficiency of acid gases. In the first stage the removal process is based on the reaction of acid gases with solid calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), while in the second stage removal is obtained by reaction with sodium bicarbonate. In the present study, design and process data from an existing Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator, where a flue gas two-stage treatment is adopted, were used to test a previously developed operational model. The model was implemented in a simulation software to describe both design and process conditions, taking also into account the recycle rate of solid products and unreacted calcium hydroxide in the first stage. Simulations were carried out with the aim of optimizing both reactant feed rates and amounts of solid wastes formed in the acid gas removal process.     

The integration of HAZOP expert system and piping and instrumentation diagrams

The main purpose of hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is to identify the potential hazards in the process design which nowadays is generally developed through a computer aided design (CAD) package. Due to the time and effort consuming nature of HAZOP, it is not done in every engineering firm for every design project. To make HAZOP an integral part of process design, an integration framework is proposed in this paper to seamlessly integrate the commercial process design package Smart Plant P&ID (SPPID, Intergraph) with one of the HAZOP expert systems (named as LDGHAZOP) developed by authors. This integration makes it possible to perform HAZOP analysis easily at anytime of the whole lifecycle of a chemical plant as long as the process design is available, which might help the improvement of design quality. One industrial case study is used to illustrate the ability of the integrated system.