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David R. Maidment 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(4):816-824
An Open Water Data Initiative has been established by the federal government to enhance water information sharing across the United States (U.S.) using standardized web services for geospatial and temporal data. In a parallel effort, the National Weather Service has established a new National Water Center on the Tuscaloosa campus of the University of Alabama, at which a new National Water Model starts operations in June 2016, to continually simulate and forecast streamflow discharge throughout the continental U.S. These two developments support the interoperability of streamflow and hydrologic information in time and space from modeled and observed sources through the use of open standards to share water information. 相似文献
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针对四川石油天然气工业环境统计中存在的非稳定污染源监测数据的统计价值不高,统计调查方法单一,个别统计指标计算未使用国家统一标准等现状,从环境监测站改组入手,改革统计调查方法,建立以必要的周期性普查为基础,以经常性的抽样调查为主体,同时辅之以全面统计报表,重点调查和科学推算综合运用的统计调查方法体系。 相似文献
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环境监测数据管理系统的开发 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在论述开发环境监测数据管理系统重要性的基础上,根据环境监测站的主要工作职能,确定了环境监测数据管理系统的功能,进行了系统总体设计和程序设计,开发出了操作方便、灵活实用的环境监测数据管理系统。 相似文献
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Jennifer A. Curtis Lorraine E. Flint Michelle A. Stern 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(3):740-758
A multi‐scale soil moisture monitoring strategy for California was designed to inform water resource management. The proposed workflow classifies soil moisture response units (SMRUs) using publicly available datasets that represent soil, vegetation, climate, and hydrology variables, which control soil water storage. The SMRUs were classified, using principal component analysis and unsupervised K‐means clustering within a geographic information system, and validated, using summary statistics derived from measured soil moisture time series. Validation stations, located in the Sierra Nevada, include transect of sites that cross the rain‐to‐snow transition and a cluster of sites located at similar elevations in a snow‐dominated watershed. The SMRUs capture unique responses to varying climate conditions characterized by statistical measures of central tendency, dispersion, and extremes. A topographic position index and landform classification is the final step in the workflow to guide the optimal placement of soil moisture sensors at the local‐scale. The proposed workflow is highly flexible and can be implemented over a range of spatial scales and input datasets can be customized. Our approach captures a range of soil moisture responses to climate across California and can be used to design and optimize soil moisture monitoring strategies to support runoff forecasts for water supply management or to assess landscape conditions for forest and rangeland management. 相似文献
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环境监测是保护环境的重要手段。随着科技发展,监测数据的处理与分析也有了很大的进步,为人类的生活提供了有力的保障。本文从数据获取出发,从多个角度对环境监测数据处理进行分析和研究,同时探讨新型方法在监测数据领域的应用。 相似文献
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Erin E. Peterson Alan R. Pearse 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(5):1241-1249
Watershed characteristics such as land‐use and land‐cover affect stream condition at multiple scales, but it is widely accepted that conditions in close proximity to the stream or survey site tend to have a stronger influence. Although spatially weighted watershed metrics have existed for years, nonspatial lumped landscape metrics (i.e., areal mean or percentage) are still widely used because relatively few technical skills are needed to implement them. The Inverse Distance Weighted Percent Land Use for Streams (IDW‐Plus) custom ArcGIS toolset provides the functionality to efficiently calculate six spatially explicit watershed metrics which account for the Euclidean or flow length distance to the stream or outlet, as well as the probability for overland runoff. These include four distance‐weighted metrics, those being inverse Euclidean distance to the stream or outlet, and the inverse flow length to the stream or outlet. Two tools are also included to generate hydrologically active (i.e., runoff potential), inverse flow length to the stream or outlet metrics. We demonstrate the tools using real data from Southeast Queensland, Australia. We also provide detailed instructions, so readers can recreate the examples themselves before applying the tools to their own data. 相似文献
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David Blodgett Emily Read Jessica Lucido Tad Slawecki Dwane Young 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(4):845-858
Improving access to data and fostering open exchange of water information is foundational to solving water resources issues. In this vein, the Department of the Interior's Assistant Secretary for Water and Science put forward the charge to undertake an Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) that would prioritize and accelerate work toward better water data infrastructure. The goal of the OWDI is to build out the Open Water Web (OWW). We therefore considered the OWW in terms of four conceptual functions: water data cataloging, water data as a service, enriching water data, and community for water data. To describe the current state of the OWW and identify areas needing improvement, we conducted an analysis of existing systems using a standard model for describing distributed systems and their business requirements. Our analysis considered three OWDI‐focused use cases—flooding, drought, and contaminant transport—and then examined the landscape of other existing applications that support the Open Water Web. The analysis, which includes a discussion of observed successful practices of cataloging, serving, enriching, and building community around water resources data, demonstrates that we have made significant progress toward the needed infrastructure, although challenges remain. The further development of the OWW can be greatly informed by the interpretation and findings of our analysis. 相似文献
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浅议环境监测数据的审核 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
叶萍 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(2):54-56
环境监测数据的审核工作是整个质量保证体系中最后有效的质量控制手段。针对我国环境监测数据审核现状与存在的问题,将\"五性\"质量指标贯穿于整个环境监测工作当中,是提升监测数据的审核力度,保证监测数据正确、可靠的有力措施之一。 相似文献
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Peter H. Doering 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(6):1293-1306
ABSTRACT: Four years of monthly freshwater discharge and constituent concentration data from three tributaries were related to a concurrent series of data for three segments of the St. Lucie Estuary in South Florida using multiple regression and time-series analysis techniques. Water quality parameters examined were dissolved inorganic and total nitrogen and phosphorus, chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, turbidity, and color. On monthly time scales, a multiple regression, which included freshwater discharge, freshwater constituent concentration, and dilution with ocean water (salinity) as independent variables, explained 50 percent or less of the variability in estuarine constituents. No single independent variable explained more variation than another. By contrast, on seasonal (wet, dry) time scales, freshwater discharge explained the bulk of variation in estuarine water quality (up to 93 percent). On monthly time scales, variability in concentrations of nutrients and other constituents may be largely controlled by processes internal to the system. At seasonal time scales, freshwater discharge appears to drive variability in most estuarine water quality parameters examined. Results indicate that management of tributary input on a seasonal basis, with the expectation of achieving seasonal concentration goals in the estuary, would have a higher probability of success than managing on a monthly basis. 相似文献
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Charles R. Lane Ellen D'Amico 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(3):705-722
Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are wetlands completely surrounded by uplands. While common throughout the United States (U.S.), there have heretofore been no nationally available, spatially explicit estimates of GIW extent, complicating efforts to understand the myriad biogeochemical, hydrological, and habitat functions of GIWs and hampering conservation and management efforts at local, state, and national scales. We used a 10‐m geospatial buffer as a proxy for hydrological or ecological connectivity of National Wetlands Inventory palustrine and lacustrine wetland systems to nationally mapped and available stream, river, and lake data. We identified over 8.3 million putative GIWs across the conterminous U.S., encompassing nearly 6.5 million hectares of wetland resources (average size 0.79 ± 4.81 ha, median size 0.19 ha). Putative GIWs thus represent approximately 16% of the freshwater wetlands of the conterminous U.S. The water regime for the majority of the putative GIWs was temporarily or seasonally flooded, suggesting a vulnerability to ditching or hydrologic abstraction, sedimentation, or alterations in precipitation patterns. Additional analytical applications of this readily available geospatially explicit mapping product (e.g., hydrological modeling, amphibian metapopulation, or landscape ecological analyses) will improve our understanding of the abundance and extent, effect, connectivity, and relative importance of GIWs to other aquatic systems of the conterminous U.S. 相似文献
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监测与管理是环保工作中最基本、最重要的两个方面,本文较详细地探讨了县级市环境监测和环境管理的定义、范围及内容,并从依靠与服务的根本关系上强调;只有两者有机结合、互相支持才能搞好新形势下的环保工作。 相似文献
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针对目前环境监测信息管理的薄弱环节,从监测、综合以及管理等多个角度,对环境监测管理信息系统的总体架构、基本功能及技术要求进行探讨. 相似文献
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Mounir William Ennenbach Paulina Concha Larrauri Upmanu Lall 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(1):255-274
Roof rainwater harvesting (RWH) has the potential to augment water supplies for urban and suburban uses throughout the United States (U.S.). Studies of the performance of RWH at the building and city scales in the U.S. are available, but a countrywide overview of the potential performance of RWH at the county scale has not been done before. Three approaches were taken: (1) assess the viability of RWH in terms of the rainfall that could be captured in relation to the water demand in each county (excluding agriculture), (2) evaluate the performance of a “typical” domestic RWH system across all counties with metrics related to its ability to supply the potable and nonpotable demand, and (3) evaluate the effect of adding a 50% rainwater reuse component to the analysis. We find RWH could be a viable supplemental water source in the U.S., particularly in counties of the Pacific Northwest, Central, and Eastern regions (percent demand covered >50%). Low population density counties have the potential to meet their annual water needs with RWH, while high‐density counties could only source a small portion (~20%) of their annual demand with RWH. Typical RWH systems in counties in the Central and Eastern U.S. performed better than in Western counties. Adding a reuse component can be a key factor in making RWH attractive in many areas of the country. This work can inform future water infrastructure investment and planning in the U.S. 相似文献
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肖俊 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(1):11-14,18
环境监管不同于环境管理。环境监管强调的是监督和管理的结合,二者不可偏废。而相应的对环境监管法律关系的理解也不能仅仅局限于管理的角度。要厘清我国环境监管法律关系,就要从主体、主体的权利与义务和客体等构成要素入手深入剖析,进而对我国环境监管立法完善进行有益的拓展。 相似文献
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介绍了环境试验数据管理系统的功能及组成,阐述了系统建设的目的和达成的目标,并对其在企业内部的应用效果进行了分析。 相似文献
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国家生态环境监测“十四五”展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
\"十四五\"时期,生态文明改革持续深入,生态环境治理将向精准治污、科学治污、依法治污转变,这对加快推进生态环境监测体系与监测能力现代化提出了迫切要求。因此,本文从网络建设、体制机制、服务效能等方面,对生态环境监测所取得的进展与成效进行了系统分析,并对国家生态环境监测面临的机遇与挑战进行了深入剖析。在此基础上,针对支撑评价排名、服务精准治污、有序衔接新职能、建设大数据平台、强化数据应用、深化综合评价、理顺体制机制、推动产学研用、提升基础能力等方面,提出了\"十四五\"期间国家生态环境监测发展的相关建议。 相似文献