磁性CoFe_2O_4/MgAl-LDH去除水中的磷酸盐

采用共沉淀法制备了磁性复合材料Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDH,通过静态吸附实验研究了Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDH对磷酸盐的吸附性能,考察了吸附剂投加量、溶液p H值、吸附时间、温度、共存离子等因素对磷酸盐去除效果的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDH对磷酸盐的吸附量随溶液p H值的增大而逐渐降低,吸附的最佳p H值为1.5。磁性Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDH对磷酸盐的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmiur等温吸附模型,理论最大吸附容量为105.37 mg/g。吸附热力学参数表明,Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDH对磷酸盐的吸附是自发、吸热的过程。     

磁性纳米吸附剂Fe3O4·ZrO(OH)2的合成及对水中氟和砷的吸附性能

用共沉淀法将ZrOCl2·8H2O包裹在磁性纳米Fe3O4表面,合成了一种针对高浓度含砷含氟废水的高效新型磁性纳米吸附剂Fe3O4·ZrO(OH)2.研究考察了吸附剂对氟和砷的吸附容量、反应平衡时间以及pH对吸附效果的影响.实验表明,磁性纳米Fe3O4·ZrO(OH)2吸附剂对水中F-和As(Ⅲ/Ⅴ)等温吸附模型符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型.对溶液中总氟和总砷的吸附容量分别可达70.42 mg/g和133.33 mg/g.通过拟二级动力学方程可得知吸附过程在20 min左右即可达到平衡.随着pH的不断增加,吸附剂对氟的吸附容量逐渐降低,而对砷的吸附量则是先增加后减少.     

CoFe_2O_4/MgAl-LDO吸附水中的Cr(Ⅵ)

采用水热法、共沉淀法合成Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDH,于高温下焙烧4 h后,制备出同时具有高吸附性能和磁分离性能的镁铝复合氧化物(Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDO),研究其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)等技术对吸附剂进行表征。通过序批实验考察了焙烧温度、溶液初始p H值、吸附时间、温度等因素对Co Fe2O4/Mg AlLDO吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明,当焙烧温度在450~550℃之间、溶液初始p H=2~6时,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)均具有较好的吸附效果,且吸附反应在90 min内达到平衡。Co Fe2O4/Mg Al-LDO吸附Cr(Ⅵ)过程符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型,当温度为318 K时,理论饱和吸附容量为98.04 mg/g。热力学研究结果表明,该吸附过程为自发的、吸热反应过程。     

Fe3O4/SDS磁性纳米颗粒吸附水体中的Cd2+和Zn2+

一种新型纳米固相萃取吸附剂,由阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)包裹在Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面形成,用于吸附水溶液中的重金属离子。研究了吸附过程的主要影响因素(如SDS浓度、溶液pH等)以及解吸过程的最佳条件,并对其机理进行了初步的探讨。研究结果表明,共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4颗粒粒径分布均匀,平均粒径约为54 nm;SDS浓度为300 mg/L时,Fe3O4/SDS磁性纳米颗粒吸附Cd2+和Zn2+的能力最强;在一定浓度范围内,Fe3O4/SDS体系对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,饱和吸附量分别为22.42 mg/g和13.95 mg/g。最终结果表明,Fe3O4/SDS磁性纳米颗粒具有较强磁分离能力和较好的吸附效果。     

改性油菜秸秆对Co(Ⅱ)的吸附

利用ZnCl_2对油菜秸秆进行改性,制得生物吸附剂。通过单因子优化实验,研究其对水溶液中的重金属Co(Ⅱ)的吸附效果。结果表明:在298 K下,pH为6.5,吸附剂用量2 g/L时,对初始浓度为10.0 mg/L Co(Ⅱ)水溶液的吸附率达95%。利用Langmuir和Freundlish等温线模型对实验数据进行拟合分析,Langmuir等温线模型很好地描述了油菜秸秆对Co(Ⅱ)的吸附过程。热力学参数表明,吸附是一个自发放热反应。改性油菜秸秆对Co(Ⅱ)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程。在室温下秸秆对Co(Ⅱ)的饱和吸附量为10.3 mg/g。     

Fe_3O_4/SDS磁性纳米颗粒吸附水体中的Cd~（2＋）和Zn~（2＋）

一种新型纳米固相萃取吸附剂,由阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）包裹在Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒表面形成,用于吸附水溶液中的重金属离子。研究了吸附过程的主要影响因素（如SDS浓度、溶液pH等）以及解吸过程的最佳条件,并对其机理进行了初步的探讨。研究结果表明,共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4颗粒粒径分布均匀,平均粒径约为54 nm;SDS浓度为300 mg/L时,Fe3O4/SDS磁性纳米颗粒吸附Cd2＋和Zn2＋的能力最强;在一定浓度范围内,Fe3O4/SDS体系对Cd2＋和Zn2＋的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,饱和吸附量分别为22.42 mg/g和13.95 mg/g。最终结果表明,Fe3O4/SDS磁性纳米颗粒具有较强磁分离能力和较好的吸附效果。     

聚乙烯亚胺/Fe_3O_4杂化磁性纳米吸附剂去除甲基橙

采用戊二醛共价交联法制备出了聚乙烯亚胺/Fe3O4杂化磁性纳米吸附剂(PEI-Fe3O4)。通过TEM、XRD、FTIR、VSM和TGA等手段表征了材料的结构和性质。以甲基橙(MO)为吸附质,系统考察了p H值、吸附时间和染料初始浓度等因素对吸附材料性能的影响。结果表明,MO在PEI-Fe3O4上的吸附具有强烈的p H依赖性,p H为3时吸附量最大;吸附平衡仅需20 min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型;等温吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型,MO的最大吸附量为242.4 mg/g。重复实验表明,吸附剂经过15次吸附/解吸附循环后仍可维持最初的吸附性能,显示出良好的机械和化学稳定性。因此,该杂化吸附剂在染料废水中MO的去除方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛烷磺酸盐的吸附

采用共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)对Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒的粒径、形貌和磁性进行表征并研究Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对全氟辛磺酸盐的吸附。结果表明:在PFOS初始浓度4 mg/L,pH为3,反应时间24 h,Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒投加量1.25 g/L,对全氟辛磺酸盐去除率达到90%。Fe3O4纳米磁性微粒对PFOS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附方程。     

Fe3O4/CS磁性纳米绒球高效吸附水体中的五氯酚钠

采用溶剂热法成功制备了具有新型形貌的Fe3O4/CS单分散磁性纳米绒球。选取Fe3O4/CS纳米绒球作为磁性吸附剂,研究了其脱除水中五氯酚钠(PCP-Na)的吸附性能。吸附平衡实验表明,Fe3O4/CS吸附脱除PCP-Na的吸附过程能在30 min以内迅速实现吸附平衡,且对于初始浓度为100 mg/L、初始pH为6.5的PCP-Na溶液,在25℃吸附条件下能使溶液中的PCP-Na去除率高达91.5%。吸附等温线和吸附动力学研究表明,Fe3O4/CS吸附脱除PCP-Na的吸附过程属于放热反应,遵循Langmuir吸附模型,符合Lagergren二级动力学方程。此外,在完成吸附过程后,通过一块永久磁铁即能从吸附溶剂中迅速分离出Fe3O4/CS,从而实现吸附剂的有效分离和重复利用,显示了该磁性吸附剂的优越性和用于实际废水处理的潜力。     

改进水热法合成纳米Co_xFe_(3-x)O_4(0≤x≤2)及其对刚果红染料的吸附性能

采用快速水热法制备了纯相Co_xFe_(3-x)O_4(0≤x≤2)纳米颗粒,并对样品进行了XRD、EDX、FTIR、SEM、N_2吸附-脱附以及VSM表征,研究了Co含量、初始浓度和pH值对水中刚果红吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,Co_(1.6)Fe_(1.4)O_4纳米颗粒具有最大的比表面积170.1 m2·g-1和最好的吸附性能,在pH=3,初始浓度为200 mg·L~(-1)时,饱和吸附容量达到475mg·g-1。对Co_xFe_(3-x)O_4进行了吸附过程动力学和热力学分析,该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,根据Langmuir等温吸附模型计算得出最大吸附容量为370.4 mg·g-1。良好的磁性能使Co_(1.6)Fe_(1.4)O_4纳米颗粒很容易从水中分离再利用,实验表明,经过多次脱附/吸附过程,Co1.6Fe1.4O4纳米颗粒对刚果红仍具有良好的吸附性能。     

Porous Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanocages derived from ZIF-8: boosted photocatalytic performances under LED-visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A facile strategy was adopted to prepare porous Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CZS-X) nanocages by sulfurizing the rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 as precursor with...     

Safety of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide mist used in the disinfection gateway for COVID-19

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive chemical used in a wide range of applications. Most importantly, it is used for sterilization process in health...     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。