混凝沉淀-高级氧化联合处理垃圾转运站污水的实验研究

城市生活垃圾转运站污水具有水质水量变化大、有机污染负荷高、具有强烈恶臭、色度高等显著特点,已成为城市重要的点源污染。为有效消减转运站污水有机负荷,探讨了混凝沉淀-高级氧化联合使用的物化处理方法,考察了联合处理过程中双氧水/亚铁、亚铁投加量、酸化后pH值、混凝剂投加量、中和后pH值等因素对处理效果的影响。小试研究结果表明,在混凝剂投加400 mg/L,亚铁0.06 mol/L,酸化后pH为3,双氧水/亚铁=4∶1,中和后pH为7.5的条件下,污水COD消减量达到60%以上,色度去除率98%,恶臭基本消除。     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

2005年通过对骆马湖水质监测，并结合近几年的监测资料进行了分析，结果表明，氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染物，包括总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮，其主要特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。     

多元统计分析对再生水河流水质特征分析

对以再生水为补给水源的通惠河进行水质监测,采用模糊综合评价的方法总体评价了通惠河的水质状况,综合评价结果表明,高碑店污水处理厂处理排放人河道的水质达到Ⅱ类水平,对通惠河的污染起到了一定的缓解作用。引入多元统计分析的方法：（1）空间聚类模型将通惠河水质类型分为两类,并具体分析了两种类型的水质18个参数的差别。分析发现第1类水体的主要污染物为硝态氮、亚硝态氮引起的氮污染、磷污染等工业污染,而第2类水体的污染主要以生活污水带来的有机污染为主。（2）运用因子分析解析通惠河的污染来源——主要来源于点源排放的污水产生的氨氮、硝态氮和有机污染。为保持再生水水质,需要对水质差的污染区设立重点监测点并控制偷排现象。     

超声波技术处理微污染水的实验研究

通过实验,对使用超声波技术处理微污染水的效果、机理进行了初步研究,实验结果表明,超声波对微污染水的细菌和色度去除效果明显,细菌的去除符合一级反应动力学方程,对COD和浊度去除有一定效果,但不显著。结果还发现,水体pH值随时间呈上升趋势。     

超声波技术处理微污染水的实验研究

通过实验，对使用超声波技术处理微污染水的效果、机理进行了初步研究，实验结果表明，超声波对微污染水的细菌和色度去除效果明显，细菌的去除符合一级反应动力学方程，对COD和浊度去除有一定效果，但不显著。结果还发现，水体pH值随时间呈上升趋势。     

玄武湖入湖口的悬浮颗粒物沉降调查研究

通过对玄武湖的外围入湖口及湖心的悬浮颗粒物的组成、悬浮颗粒物沉降量及沉降速率的对比实验,阐述了外源水、面源水的污染物对湖水水质的影响,并从面源、点源、水体自净能力及补给水等,促使湖水水质变化的途径入手,依据各项监测结果及对数据的分析,找出了玄武湖多次发生水污染的原因是多方面、多途径的影响结果。从监测分析发现,入湖口悬浮颗粒物沉降量高于湖心点,说明玄武湖水污染主要是受外源影响。另外还发现,入湖污水经水生植物阻滞、吸附和吸收后,其悬浮颗粒物的沉积速率和沉降量明显增大,据此认为,控制外源性污染、补充清洁水及在入湖口周围广种水生植物,是减缓湖水水质恶化,促使水质改良的有效途径。     

阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化法预处理微污染原水

随着库区经济的发展,大量点源或面源污染物未经有效处理便直接排入水体致使许多可作为生活饮用水的水源变成了"微污染"水源,鉴于常规的预处理工艺不能很好地适应现有"微污染"水源水质的变化,采用挂膜成功的阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化法对微污染水源水进行预处理实验研究,并与挂膜成功的组合介质生物接触氧化法进行对比,结果表明,阿科蔓介质挂膜速度较快,效果较好,且对水源水质的变化具有较好的适应性,是微污染水原水质改善较为理想的人工介质;对于相同的微污染水源,阿科蔓介质的处理效果明显优于组合介质且处理效果良好,其对"微污染"水源水中TN、氨氮、COD和总磷的平均去除率分别为67.4%、87.2%、54.1%和40.1%,其中较适宜的阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化预处理进水溶解氧浓度为4.0~6.0 mg/L。阿科蔓介质生物接触氧化不失为一种开展饮用水源地生态防护与饮用水质改善的技术。     

鸭河口水库水体总氮、总磷预测研究

根据鸭河口水库受纳点源及面源污染负荷情况，选择枯水期为预测时期，采用迪隆模型对鸭河口水库水体总氮、总磷进行预测研究，为鸭河口水库水质保持和富营养化防治提供基础数据。     

MBR在橡胶废水处理中的应用

橡胶废水具有含盐量高、色度高、有机污染成分含量高且难于生化降解等特点。膜生物反应器(MBR)技术的核心是生化处理加微滤膜过滤,通过将MBR技术应用于橡胶废水处理的实践表明,该技术对COD、氨氮、磷酸盐的平均去除率都达到了85%以上,再辅之以药剂处理后,降低了色度和难降解有机物含量,出水水质完全符合排放标准的要求,是一种解决橡胶污水处理难题的有效途径。     

环境信息申报与远程监测系统集成分析

通过对目前使用的污染源申报系统和远程监测系统的技术优缺点分析,提出了采用基于Internet的信息申报系统和环境远程监测系统方式,进一步探讨了两系统的集成方法及其优点,给出了具体的实现方法及关键性的程序代码。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.