人口经济与环境整体优化模型初步研究

一个城市在发展中做到人口经济与环境的整体优化，传统的思路是控制人口经济发展。８０年代以来持续发展理论的提出，以产业技术结构的演进，二、三产业的融合来促使人口经济环境由低级向高级发展，取得人口经济与环境的整体优化，这就要求提供实用的研究方法。本文提出人口经济与环境整体优化模型的思路，给出了具体模型的建立方法，讨论各项参数的获取，从而可为城市人口经济与环境整体优化研究奠定基础。     

环境恶化与保护的经济分析

分析了环境恶化的根源不在于环境本身，而在于当今引导人们经济活动的经济体系，特别是其中的价格体系没有全面准确地反映出环境的各种价值（包括经济价值、生态价值和社会价值）。致使人类社会无代价地滥用资源并破坏环境。提出了加强保护的经济措施就在于运用环境经济规律和生态规律对当今不完善的经济体系进行全方位的修正。     

珠江三角洲城市环境与社会经济协调发展的分异类型及调控

可持续发展的城市生态环境应当是环境和社会经济效益的高度统一，然而由于自然资源和社会、经济等因素的差异，一定区域内城市的局长必然会呈现出不均衡性，表现为不同城市的环境与社会，经济协调发展的分划分，区域分异并对其发展方向作出描述，对评价城市生态环境的质量及其演变态势，并进一步制定相应的调控措施，都是非常必要的。本文对珠江三角洲城市环境与社会，经济协调发展状况的四种分异类型，并提出了促进城市 社会经济协     

生态经济与环境会计

阐述了生态经济的概念；提出了在生态经济发展中要压缩经济泡沫，将环境退化影响纳入宏观经济核算体系中；而对环境的有效控制，需要一个宏观与微观衔接的核算体系，在完善环境资源市场的基础上构建环境会计体系。     

基于人群健康的污染产业转移环境效应研究——以广东省陶瓷行业为例

产业转移是经济发展过程中常见现象；产业生产与资源环境之间密不可分的关系决定了产业转移必然引起资源环境状况的变化。为评价产业转移对改善区域整体环境状况的作用，构建了以环境经济损益分析定量评价产业转移的环境效应的方法框架，并以广东省陶瓷行业转移为例，研究了基于人体健康的污染产业转移的环境效应。研究结果显示，一般而言，由于污染排放变化，产业迁出地将产生环境效益，同时承接地将发生环境损失。当产业转移产生环境净效益时，意味着整体区域环境的改善。这种改善主要得益于产业迁出地和承接地之间存在的社会经济特征差异、具有经济技术可行性的污染控制技术的推广以及环境自净能力的合理利用等因素的综合作用。为促进区域协调发展，区域内产业转移过程中，应采取优化产业转移目录、加强环境管理、建立环境信息公开和公众参与制度和统筹协调区域内的污染控制责任和环境利益等环境治理措施。     

论新经济环境下成本会计的职能

新经济环境下成本会计职能的发挥是每个组织中的管理者所关注的重要课题，本文通过新经济环境对成本会计的挑战及管理理论与方法创新对成本会计影响的分析，提出新经济环境中发挥成本会计职能应采取的对策．     

产业结构调整和溧阳市城市环境经济协调发展

在良性的城市生态经济系统中，合理的产业结构将会实现环境与经济的协调局长，本文概括亨市的产业结构及环境系统的实际情况，论述了其相互关系，并溧阳市产业结构调整并一进一步进行了讨论。     

清洁生产与可持续发展的关系

清洁生产作为一项可持续性发展战略，其成就应该在与环境、经济和社会影响的关系中进行量度，清洁生产在世界范围的执行成果已经被经济增长和消费的提高所抵消，世界贸易组织，还有世界银行和其他最主要的机构，已经使得发展危机雪上加霜，而且应对日益退化的环境负责，对跨国公司的监控与管制已经失败，更需要在跨国公司政策上做强制性改变，以及促进更大的社会与环境责任。     

北京环境管理所的清洁生产活动

北京环境管理所的清洁生产活动段宁，所长，中国环境科学研究院环境管理所，中华人民共和国北京Ｉ０００１２，安外北苑值于北京的中国环境科学研究院是中国环境颌回单一最大的研究与咨询机闽．该院的环境管理所（ＥＭＩ）研究政策、经济分析、规划、计算机软件、管理理论...     

帮助小的和不那么小的企业提高他们的三重底线成绩

要维持其市场地位，中小企业就必须提高他们的效率。然而，他们往往因为缺少时间、金钱和信息而难以对他们自己的活动、制定目标以及因此不断提高产品和服务（经济上、社会上和环境上）做出正确估价。现有的复杂的国际环境管理方案，对于中小企业常常不适用，不同级别信息“门童”间的合作，对于提高中小企业的环境与社会健康生产方式意识、教给他们日常业务中一体化关注环境与社会的方法、确立经济地位以及奖励这些努力，都是十分必要的。     

中小城镇环境规划中循环经济理念的拓展

我国小城镇环境规划作为社会经济发展计划的有机组成部分，是促进城镇的环境管理和可持续发展的重要手段。循环经济是生态型经济，在小城镇环境规划中引入循环经济理念并对其指标和内容进行拓展，目的是实现资源的高效利用和不断循环，使城镇经济发展更适应环境保护和生态循环的需要，是未来重要的发展趋势之一。     

The economics of fishing and modern capital theory: A simplified approach

While the link between fisheries economics and capital theory has long been recognized, fisheries economics has, until the last few years, developed largely along nondynamic lines. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that, with the aid of optimal control theory, fisheries economics can without difficulty be cast in a capital-theoretic framework yielding results that are both general and readily comprehensible.We commence by developing a dynamic linear autonomous model. The static version of the fisheries economics model is seen to be the equivalent of a special case of the dynamic autonomous model. The model is then extended, first by making it nonautonomous and second, nonlinear. Problems arising therefrom, such as multiple equilibria, are considered.     

What Every Conservation Biologist Should Know about Economic Theory

Abstract: The last century has seen the ascendance of a core economic model, which we will refer to as Walrasian economics. This model is driven by the psychological assumptions that humans act only in a self‐referential and narrowly rational way and that production can be described as a self‐contained circular flow between firms and households. These assumptions have critical implications for the way economics is used to inform conservation biology. Yet the Walrasian model is inconsistent with a large body of empirical evidence about actual human behavior, and it violates a number of basic physical laws. Research in behavioral science and neuroscience shows that humans are uniquely social animals and not self‐centered rational economic beings. Economic production is subject to physical laws including the laws of thermodynamics and mass balance. In addition, some contemporary economic theory, spurred by exciting new research in human behavior and a wealth of data about the negative global impact of the human economy on natural systems, is moving toward a world view that places consumption and production squarely in its behavioral and biophysical context. We argue that abandoning the straightjacket of the Walrasian core is essential to further progress in understanding the complex, coupled interactions between the human economy and the natural world. We call for a new framework for economic theory and policy that is consistent with observed human behavior, recognizes the complex and frequently irreversible interaction between human and natural systems, and directly confronts the cumulative negative effects of the human economy on the Earth's life support systems. Biophysical economics and ecological economics are two emerging economic frameworks in this movement.     

Constraints on foraging success due to resource ecology limit colony productivity in social insects

The benefit of group living is a fundamental question in social evolution. For sociality to evolve, each individual must gain in terms of some fitness component by living in larger groups. However, in social insects, a decrease in per capita success in brood production has been observed in larger groups. While it has been proposed that this decrease could be outweighed by an increase in the predictability of success, a functional basis to this hypothesis has so far never been demonstrated. In this paper, using foraging economics as a functional proxy to colony productivity, we construct a model to explore how number of foragers in the colony interacts with the ecology of resources to influence per capita foraging success and its predictability. The results of the model show that there is no increase in per capita foraging success in larger colonies under most circumstances, though there is an increase in its predictability. We then test the model with empirical data on the foraging behavior of the primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia marginata. The consistency between the data and the model suggests that foraging economics could provide a robust functional basis in explaining the relationship between colony size and productivity.     

Environmental economics: An evolutionary critique and a plea for pluralism

Environmental economics is a contradiction in terms. The contradiction is intuitive to the puzzled lay person inquiring about the nature of our subdiscipline. It is explicit to those who think of environmental systems in terms of complex, evolving interconnectedness and identify the economic model with the atomistic and mechanistic assumptions of classical mechanics. Within the subdiscipline, we try to resolve the contradiction by internalizing externalities, by matching market feedbacks with environmental relations. While acknowledging that insights can be drawn from the market view of environmental problems, I argue in this essay that (1) the contradiction is nerver resolved; (2) multiple, incongruous perspectives are all we have for understanding the interface between economic and environmental systems; and (3) environmental economics will thrive with a return to philosophical pluralism, to the open acceptance of the contradiction.     

城市基础设施与社会经济协调发展的定量评价方法与应用

研究了城市基础设施与社会经济协调发展的定量评价方法 ,提出衡量协调发展的定量指标及计算方法 ,并依据此方法对郑州市基础设施与社会经济协调发展状况进行评价。     

Separability,functional structure and aggregation for a class of models in environmental economics

The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical bridge between the many-commodity general equilibrium models and the simpler one good-one pollutant models used in environmental economics. The interest is in determining the conditions that will permit a vector of pollutants (or goods) to be treated as if it were only one quantity, the amount of environmental pollution (or consumption). A general equilibrium model is constructed and the concepts of separability and functional structure are applied to examine the requirements for consistent aggregation. It is shown that this aggregation process may in general produce two entirely different sets of aggregate measures of pollution and consumption. This result is of theoretical and empirical significance. Alternative criteria for aggregation suggest that the aggregation depends upon very stringent features of the economy concerned.     

Energy and Depletable Resources: Economics and Policy, 1973–1998

This paper reviews the impact of the literature in depletable resources and energy economics over the period 1973–1998, particularly the initial period of publication of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 1974–1998. A discussion of prominent policy issues in this arena is provided, along with an indication of what academic economics papers have contributed to that debate. This is followed by a citation analysis of contributions in the fields of energy and exhaustible resource economics. For each of these two fields, a list of the top papers in each five-year period from 1974 to 1998 is presented, along with a list of the top journals in each decade, based on average citations per article. The top ten cited articles in the fields in the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management are also presented.     

The contribution of L. C. Gray to the economic theory of exhaustible natural resources and its roots in the history of economic thought

The paper opens with an assessment of natural resources economics up to 1913–14 when Gray published his two pioneering articles in natural resources economics (Part I). An in-depth study of Gray, weighing his contribution to the microeconomic theory of the mine and the macroeconomic theory of conservation against current literature, constitutes the main body of the paper (Part II). Gray and Hotelling's contributions to the theory of the mine are compared (Part III). The paper concludes with a comparison drawn between the author's findings and the scant attention previously paid to Gray's contributions to natural resources economics.“So far as I know, this is the first attempt to apply economic theory to this particular problem of conservation.” (H. C. Taylor, unpublished letter to C. R. Van Hise, May 23, 1913, a reference to Gray's “Economic Possibilities of Conservation”).     

生态系统服务价值评估的研究进展

生态系统服务价值评估是当前生态经济学和环境经济学的研究焦点。首先回顾了国内外关于生态系统服务功能的概念和分类的研究;其次根据发展历程分析了国外生态系统服务价值的评估研究;然后从全国、区域以及单个生态系统等方面探讨国内生态系统服务价值评估的研究。最后指出现有生态系统服务价值评估研究中的不足及今后发展方向,以期丰富生态系统服务价值评估理论。